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In 2018, a dealership facilitator needed to decide whether to continue implementing the Thumbs Up application (app) at Lakeside Automotive Ltd., a family-owned car dealership in the Greater Toronto Area. The Thumbs Up app was a digital tool that enabled employees to recognize each other's good work by sending digitalized badges. The dealership facilitator had introduced this app in an effort to "future-proof" the organization by leveraging information technology such as digital communications. The move toward more digital communication was also a strategic activity in light of the company's upcoming relocation and expansion. While some employees acknowledged the value and convenience of this digital tool, others believed it was "a waste of time." How should the dealership facilitator decide on the future of the Thumbs Up app? If she decided to retain the app, how could she improve its effectiveness?

In November 2018, a co-owner of House of Lasagna, a chain of casual dining restaurants in the Philippines, was considering different marketing strategies to increase customer awareness of the chain's brand and unique menu. The company had seven restaurants in November 2018 and a target of 25 restaurants by 2020. She was concerned about the customer satisfaction survey that the company conducted every year. The survey reported high customer satisfaction but comparatively low brand awareness. The co-owner knew that high brand awareness was critical for growth. What marketing strategies could House of Lasagna use to increase its brand awareness? Future growth and expansion strategies were most important. Would a loyalty program help increase customer retention?

Vazirani Automotive Pvt. Ltd. debuted its first electric hypercar, the Vazirani Shul, in July 2018 at the Goodwood Festival of Speed in West Sussex, England. The Shul was promoted as the first electric hypercar from India; however, although the company was headquartered in Mumbai, India, its manufacturing and design hubs were in California, United States. The Shul was considered unique because the car offered a blend of art and science, in contrast to other hypercars that were designed to appear aggressive and driven completely by science. If successful, the Shul has the opportunity to become the world's first electric car with a jet turbine-electric powertrain, expected to hit Indian roads by 2021. Could the Shul be successful in India and in the global markets? With design and manufacturing centres in the United States, should the Shul be positioned as an Indian car? Was the strategy of blending art and science in a car unique, and was it a recipe for success?

In November 2017, Jerry Xie, executive vice-president and corporate secretary of China Gold International Resources Corp. Ltd. (CGI), the only overseas-listed subsidiary of China National Gold Group (CNG), a Chinese state-owned gold company, was expected to report his plan for the future development of CGI to the chairman of the board of both CNG and CGI in a week's time. CGI was perceived as the international flagship company of CNG and was listed in both Canada and Hong Kong, yet it had two mines in China and none in Canada. The parent firm needed Xie's help to answer a question from the global capital market: should CGI be kept in operation in Canada?

The case describes the challenges and opportunities of airport retailing in the confectionery category from both manufacturers' and retailers' perspectives. It is based in 2012, when Mondelez planned to launch a new flavour of its flagship brand, Toblerone, the first in 15 years, at Singapore, Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur international airports. The airport retail market was significant for Mondelez, and in particular, for the Toblerone brand, given that 23% of its sales came from the airport retail market. Distinctive consumer and shopping behaviour at airport confectionery stores, market segmentation by type of passenger and purchase motivation, importance of promotions, personal selling, display and sampling, and regional differences in the three airport markets were the key considerations for Mondelez while planning the launch of the new variant. Moreover, the timing of the proposed launch coincided with the upcoming festival season, a peak time for confectionary retailers at airports. The main takeaway from the case is a detailed understanding of how multiple factors influence airport retailing of confectionary brands and how it is significantly different from supermarket or city-side retailing.

In the summer of 2016, ARM Holdings (ARM), a British semiconductor IP licensing firm, has been acquired by Japanese conglomerate SoftBank. The acquisition is a strategic leap for Softbank to expand its market outreach into the Internet of Things (IoT) market. Share prices of ARM have soared by 63% just prior to the acquisition. Co-founder of ARM, Jamie Urquhart was, however, worried if this move would be beneficial for the company in the long run? ARM has flourished in the semiconductor industry and paved the pathway for intellectual property (IP) Licensing to become a celebrated business model, further strengthened by an ingenious partnership model and an eco-system. So far, ARM has primarily operated in the processor and consumer electronics industry which typically has a few large players in the market. However, the company's strategic shift towards the IoT market poses a new set of risks and challenges. The IP Licensing business model and strategy that has worked for ARM in the processor market may not necessarily work for the firm in the IoT market. In the IoT space, applications are diverse, there is no clear leader, and there are many smaller individual players. IP licensing model works well when the processor firm can monitor the sales of end products of large licensee organisations with huge revenues. However, in the IoT market, licensees will likely be a large number of smaller firms with smaller production volumes. Under this scenario, the IP licensing model can introduce prohibitively high monitoring costs. Can ARM continue to use its existing IP licensing business model for the IoT market? How should ARM reinvent its strategy and business model to adapt to its new strategic focus?

In 2012, the founders of food wholesale company FoodXervices Inc. Pte. Ltd. identified a gap between food wastage and food insecurity in Singapore. To reduce this gap, they established a charity arm, The Food Bank Singapore Ltd., which operated as a liaison, collecting near-to-expiry, excess, and unwanted food products from food suppliers, retailers, and restaurants for distribution to beneficiary organizations. When the charity was founded, it was set up to be legally independent to ensure clearer accounts and audits and to prevent false allegations of misuse of food donations. In April 2018, the founders were considering integrating these two now-mature entities to take advantage of potential internal and external synergies. They needed to determine the optimal way to integrate the two entities, while considering the needs of all stakeholders.

In January 2018, the account manager at the Commercial Bank of Canada was reviewing a request for a $200,000 long-term loan and a $60,000 working capital loan for The Church Key Bistro-Pub, a fine dining restaurant located in downtown London, Ontario. The funds were needed to open a second restaurant. The account manager believed the restaurant owner to be a reliable business manager. Her enthusiasm for the new restaurant was infectious, and her expertise in restaurant management was indisputable. Nonetheless, the account manager was hesitant to grant debt financing to a company that had not taken out any debt in six years. She considered all available information and began her final review.

One job of product managers, marketers, strategic planners, and other corporate executives is to predict what the demand will be for a new product. This task is easier for certain classes of new products than for others. For new consumer package goods, for instance, one can look at past product rollouts, one can look at similar products currently in the marketplace, or one can do test markets-selling the product in a small section of the country to assess consumer acceptance. Quite often, for new products that represent incremental variations or improvements over existing products, marketers do a pretty good job of understanding how that product will be adopted in the marketplace. This is not to say that managers always get it right, as has been made evidently clear in the case of New Coke, dry beers, and the Edsel. However, more often than not, managers of incremental new products predict demand within the right order of magnitude.

In January 2018, the second-generation scion and director of Natural, an Indian ice cream family business, was preparing for a meeting with the general manager of the company's retail operations. The company was founded by the director's father in 1984 under the name Kamath Ourtimes Ice Cream Private Ltd. and was known for its handmade artisanal ice cream brand-Natural Ice Cream. Several years after his entry into the family business in 2009, the son insisted on professionalizing the company as a means of achieving a vision of growth, despite an increasingly competitive market. In 2014, almost 30 years after the company was established, the general manager was the first professional to be hired by the company. Although professionalization brought about an increase in sales of two and a half times during 2012-2018, the director was sensing a change in the culture of the company, which he found troubling. He wondered if he had grown the company too big, too fast in his haste to transform it into a high-growth enterprise.

Teach For Lebanon (TFL) was a non-profit organization (NFP) founded in response to the national problem of low quality public education. The case examines the sustainability challenges that TFL faced in a developing country, covering the financial, legal, and social dilemmas that NFPs struggled with. The case tracks TFL's innovative solutions to enhance the organization's financial sustainability and considers scaling-up and initiating a new business to generate additional income. Using benchmarking, students can invent and list their own suggestions for enhancing NFPs' financial sustainability.

The case is set in April 2018 when, after a 5-year streak of investing success and resultant strong asset inflows, the performance Asia Alpha Management Pvt. Ltd. (AAM), a fictitious hedge fund, begins to lag from the beginning of the year. AAM's co-Founder and Chief Investment Officer, Royston Lim, is struggling to decide what to do with three large positions in his portfolio that are underperforming. Each of these positions is constructed to illustrate the real-world impact of behavioural bias on investment management. Case (A) provides background information on the firm and detailed information on the three positions. After a class discussion on Case (A) to decide what Lim should do, Case (B) describes what actually happened. The concept of behavioural bias is introduced through the subsequent discussion of why Lim made the decisions he made.

One fall afternoon in 2018, Bertin Nadeau, chair of the board and owner of Casavant Frères, was wondering how to ensure the sustainability of his company. Since its 1879 founding in Saint-Hyacinthe (Quebec, Canada), this world leader in the manufacture, delivery, and installation of new pipe organs had built more than 3,900 organs for churches, concert halls, music schools, and private homes on all five continents. The firm was also active in the restoration, renovation, maintenance, tuning, and moving of organs. Despite this international success, Casavant Frères could not rest on its laurels. Its national and international business environment had changed dramatically over the years, requiring strategic positioning to ensure its survival. Several opportunities had already been exploited, explored, or studied. Students will be asked to consider Nadeau's various possible options based on the company's current situation, its history, its objectives, and the international organ market. They will have to understand the key success factors for an SME facing sustainability challenges in a cutting-edge sector with a strong artisanal component.

In September 2017, the chairman and the president of Shanghai Shine-Link International Logistics Co. Ltd. were considering their company's future. The company was established in May 2001. After more than 16 years of rapid development, it became a leading information technology empowered logistics provider, offering high value-added services, with the lean management and innovation capabilities of modern logistics enterprises. In September 2017, it was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange main board. The management team had to reconsider the company's next steps for growth. The two men realized it was time to convene the board of directors to consider the company's future. With so many opportunities and risks in front of them, good decision-making was essential to their prospects.

Organic Wellness Products Private Limited (Organic Wellness) was founded in 2015 with the aim to create a sustainable venture for organic products that would boost agricultural entrepreneurship and benefit society by generating rural employment and value creation. By May 2018, Organic Wellness's market had grown considerably, and the company was exporting to 27 countries around the world and had a pan-Indian presence. While its innovative marketing strategy-free of big spending-had worked well for the organization, the founder needed to decide if he would continue with the same style of cause-related marketing, or whether it was time to invest in marketing channels to create better consumer outreach.

In early 2018, Modena, Italy's Pagani Automobili S.p.A (Pagani Automobili), a boutique designer and manufacturer of high-performance internal combustion engine powered supercars, was struggling to develop a response to the emergence of electric vehicle technology. This technology appeared to be interesting and potentially useful. It outperformed internal combustion technology in terms of speed and power. In 2018, relatively inexpensive electric cars could already accelerate faster than most supercars over a quarter-mile distance. However, the electric car driving experience seemed very different from the experience of driving a supercar powered by an internal combustion engine, due largely to fundamental differences between the technologies. Could Pagani Automobili build an electric vehicle that its customers would perceive as a true Pagani Automobili creation?

The Piramal Foundation was launched by diversfied Indian conglomerate, the Piramal Group, to improve the healthcare services and quality of education of India's economically and socially disadvantaged. The foundation operates under three verticals-'Piramal Foundation for Education Leadership' (PFEL) for improvements in student learning outcomes; 'Swasthya' for healthcare; and 'Sarvajal' for safe drinking water. Over the years, the Foundation has directly and indirectly benefitted nearly 90 million lives, yet its management team find themselves in a quandary. With finite resources, mostly provided by the Piramal Group, they wonder if they ought to only grow existing programs that show the most promise. They also wonder how to attract more external funding and how to further embed their programs into government platforms in order to create impact at scale.

On January 20, 2017, Moody's Investors Service, an American credit rating agency, downgraded the Corporate Family Rating for Sears Holdings Corporation from Caa1 to Caa2, stating that the company did not have enough money to stay in business and was relying on outside funding or sale of assets to sustain operations. The leading US retail chain had a revenue turnover of US$22.14 billion in Fiscal Year (FY) 2016-17. However, beginning in FY 2011-12, it had suffered losses year after year. Its stock had fallen 38 per cent between April 2016 and April 2017. The retail chain's majority shareholder, chair, and chief executive officer was making some changes, but critics questioned his motives and retail acumen. With falling share prices, continuous losses, decreasing assets, and a decided shift in the industry away from traditional retail, it seemed that it would be only a matter of time before Sears Holdings Corporation reached its end. In light of its poor financial performance and consecutive losses on a yearly basis, a new Master of Business Administration graduate and junior analyst was assigned the task of analyzing the retail chain's financial status and assessing the possibility of its bankruptcy.

Quess Corp Limited acquired Magna Infotech, an IT contract staffing company in 2009 to go beyond general staffing and get into professional staffing. Magna, founded in 1997 by Pradeep Mittal had achieved the status of being the market leader in IT staffing in India by being highly entrepreneurial, consistently focused on business development, delivery and automation of core staffing processes. Quess carried out a thorough diagnosis of Magna after acquisition. The diagnosis helped identify specific areas where potential for performance improvement existed. Priorities were worked out and systematic efforts were taken up to focus on those areas. Planning and execution of action steps created effective alignment of thought processes among key stakeholders and high levels of engagement and employee motivation. The various interventions resulted in Magna tripling its revenues; the operating profits grew six-fold. But by 2017, the business context had changed for Magna and there were totally new set of challenges that confronted the organization. The case presents a story of an acquisition where despite taking over a successful high-performing company with high levels of motivation, the new leadership team still managed to substantially improve both the topline and bottom line performance through effective execution of a carefully planned change agenda. In the following 8 years, the company retained its market leadership and become much larger. But it now confronted far-reaching changes in business context. How should the leaders reignite the entrepreneurial zeal in a much bigger, more stable and more successful organization?

In July 2017, the government of India implemented goods and services tax (GST), which brought uniformity in the tax rates on all types of biscuits. Compared to the pre-GST regime, the uniform tax rate resulted in a higher tax rate on mass-market biscuits and a lower tax rate on premium biscuits. Parle-G, the most popular brand of Parle Products Private Limited (Parle), fell into the mass-market biscuit category. The Parle-G brand had 75 to 80 per cent market share in the mass-market biscuit category, and it contributed nearly 33 per cent of Parle's total revenue. The brand was sold at a very low price point and was highly price sensitive. To mitigate the tax rate increase, one option was to raise Parle-G prices; however, any price increase or change in package size for a product in the highly price-sensitive category could reduce company revenue. Therefore, new business strategies were needed under the new tax regime and amid the country's overall changing business and economic scenario so that Parle's margins and leading position were retained.