個案總覽

The note traces the evolution of the Insurance Industry in India and looks at its state in the year 2012. It throws light on the size, products, major players and other details of the industry like penetration and density. The case also compares the Indian Insurance industry with the world insurance market and a few other countries like the USA. The case concludes with the challenges faced and the road ahead for the industry.

Mobile broadband carriers provide network access to the Internet for a range of devices (typically portable or mobile), including consumer devices such as smartphones, tablets and E-Readers, but also a host of new emerging devices. Mobile broadband networks enable data to travel in packets over telecommunication (telecom) companies' wireless (or cellular) networks. The number of worldwide mobile cellular subscriptions reached 6 billion in 2011, reflecting a penetration rate of 87%. This note provides some industry context for the advent and opportunities associated with mobile broadband.

Water is a renewable natural resource. Driven by solar energy and gravity, the global water cycle indefinitely circulates water through the atmosphere, over continents, and across oceans. On a more local level, however, water sometimes has more of a nonrenewable character because it can be depleted, at least to some degree. Withdrawing too much water from an aquifer that has only limited recharge, for example, diminishes stored water. This note discusses groundwater withdrawal, how it is optimally done, and how it depends on the particular institutional setting.

types of startup capital are equity funding and debt funding although there are a few hybrid flavors as well. • Sources of funding. These include venture capital firms, angel investors, crowd-funding, and accelerators/incubators. • What investors look for. Each source has a different funding process and set of criteria which you need to understand before seeking funding from that source. • The mechanics of equity funding. Seeking and securing funding involves setting amounts, agreeing to terms, and defining relationships.

This note is assigned in Darden's course elective, "Global Economics of Water." There is more than enough fresh water to satisfy the world's needs. The primary concern, however, is the geographical mismatch between water needs and the availability of water to communities who need it. Hence, a major challenge for the 21st century is to better manage this mismatch. In this note, we focus on one particular factor-climate change-and how it may contribute to future stress on water resources. We lay out the basics of climate change and the hydrological cycle, and we point to some of the intricate ways in which both phenomena are connected. This note does not contain blanket policy recommendations as to how to fight global warming beyond the general statement that the rational response to the risk and uncertainty of higher global temperatures and their associated environmental changes is to take actions that ensure against potentially adverse effects.

This background note provides details of Bernard Madoff's career and the classroom recording.

This overview describes how the United States funds and finances infrastructure investment to maintain its economic competitiveness. It considers the roles of taxpayers, users, government allocators and lenders, and private investors in the infrastructure funding system and shows that there are creative tools that can be used. It focuses on five major areas: the problematic state of fuel taxes; the increasing promise of user fees; innovations in debt financing; the challenges of privatization; and the promise (and challenges) of public-private partnerships, with particular attention to a model project in Miami, the Port Tunnel. The overview concludes with a call for cross-sector coalitions to develop strategies with long-term impact goals and short-term visible improvements for users.

This technical note describes the practice of employee furloughs (also known as work sharing or short time work) including their regulatory frameworks in different countries and the business and ethical implications of their use.

The diamond framework can be used to develop strategies in multibusiness enterprises at all organizational levels and across markets or products. This note demonstrates how the framework yields insights that managers and executives need in order to make critical strategic decisions. The power of a single integrated approach lies in its transformative ability to unite a firm with one template based on a common language and shared lexicon.

This technical note, which is based on an earlier note (UVA-F-0910), provides a student primer of firm cost of capital from a conceptual and application perspective. The note provides student intuition on the traditional theory of cost of debt, cost of equity, and weighted-average cost of capital. Moreover, it provides detail on the common approaches to estimating the cost of capital. Specific examples are provided. The note is updated with actual data through 2012.

Technological innovation is considered a competitive strength for America, but the nation does not score as high in deploying its technology. U.S. transportation systems are in need of repair and renewal, and the sector is at the cusp of a technological revolution. The Information Superhighway could reinvent the highway-and airways, railroads, vehicles, and more-by making aspects of the system "smarter" and more connected, cost-effective, fuel-efficient, safer, and more convenient for consumers, businesses, and communities. This paper discusses five trends in for technology-enabled transportation innovation: connected vehicles; connected roads; big data analytics in air transportation; Intelligent Transportation Systems; and innovation in information infrastructure.

The U.S. air transportation system flies high on some indicators, mostly involving capacity to take to the air, but lands low on others, mostly involving ground facilities and processes. This note provides an overview of the history and current state of air transportation in the U.S., covering industry costs; types of airlines, including passenger and cargo (e.g., Delta, Southwest, Alaska, and Frontier); airport issues; and the role of technology. It reviews some opportunities for innovation that will solve the pain points and bottlenecks facing the system and outlines high-priority policy areas. It becomes clear that individual airlines have often been managed back to health and focus on innovation, but the overall system itself and its governmental connections need attention, including the desire for NextGen air traffic control and revisiting Open Skies agreements.

This note reviews some of the relevant research and offers advice for managing and dealing with emotions in the negotiation context. In particular, negotiators should strive to understand their own emotions and feelings and be aware of the emotions the other party may be expressing. By learning to recognize and manage emotions, one is likely to improve many facets of the negotiation and obtain better outcomes for oneself and others.

The note looks at operational budgeting through several lenses. The discussion begins with the nature of the operating budget, and the broad context in which budgeting takes place, distinguishing between budgeting's behavioral and mechanical aspects. It then looks at the components of the operating budget, and the steps involved in formulating a budget. An appendix to the note discusses some budgeting misfits, or areas where the budgeting phase may be poorly aligned with other organizational activities.

The note begins with a review of the idea that different costs are used for different purposes, and discusses the differences. It then summarizes the criteria for a good responsibility accounting system. Next, it illustrates the contingent nature of responsibility accounting systems by positioning them as one of several activities that interrelate and that must be well coordinated if an organization is to be successful. This is followed by a brief discussion of each of these activities. The note concludes by emphasizing the importance of senior management's role in designing the activities.

As of the date of this note, financing environments varied significantly across developing economies. Differences in legal structures, operating conditions, and available capital sources created a myriad of conditions for entrepreneurs to navigate when seeking funds to develop their ventures. One systemic trend, however, did exist: entrepreneurs consistently cited access to financing as one of the top three obstacles to achieving growth. This note does not seek to provide a "one size fits all" model to addressing this challenge. Rather, this note is intended to provide entrepreneurs with a starting point to better understand the types of financing available in developing economies, the sources of this capital, and the means to locate these investors. Entrepreneurs can use the examples in this note as a springboard to craft solutions for the challenges posed by their specific financing environments.

This note provides information on the state of startup financing in Silicon Valley in 2013. It details different avenues startups have to raise funding, including venture capital, corporate venture capital, angel investors, incubators, and crowdfunding.

Managers must understand their marketing efforts as precisely as possible in order to determine how much to spend on each marketing channel. This technical note explores marketing analytics-the process of systematically using empirical data about customers, companies, and industry context to inform strategic marketing decisions and create models that are helpful in understanding consumer behaviors. Resource allocation is the endgame of analytics for any company. Using marketing analytics properly, any firm should be able to determine the optimal level of spending it should make on each of its marketing channels to maximize future performance and success.

This note discusses Herbert Simon's notion of bounded rationality: how managers may sometimes make suboptimal choices because of their limited ability to access or process information.