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This note begins with an overview of reinsurance contacts - their mechanics, types and pricing. It then discusses the structure of the reinsurance industry and the impact of recent crises on this industry.

GUIDESlines provides benchmark values of the key economic indicators identified in the GUIDES framework for both developed countries (the OECD) and fast-growing emerging markets (the BRINCS countries).

This note discusses the appropriate accounting treatment for contingencies under International Financial Reporting Standards and identifies key differences relative to Accounting Standards for Private Enterprises. Accounting for contingencies covers provisions, contingent liabilities, and contingent assets. The note discusses both how to decide whether a provision should be recorded and how to measure a provision. Further, the note clarifies the differences between provisions and contingent liabilities, discusses when contingent assets should be recorded, and identifies specific guidance for restructuring provisions. Finally, disclosure requirements are identified.

Variations in tax impact make it essential to know a person's tax status for personal financial planning and the structuring of business transactions. A broad overview of the Canadian income tax system is presented in this note along with descriptions of various types of taxable receipts. Key messages are: that different types of income are often taxed differently; that same types of income are often taxed differently depending on the entity that receives it; and that the amount of income tax varies based on the level of income the taxpayer earns.

This note summarizes the four major changes affecting corporate governance that were made by the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010. These changes relate to: advisory notes by shareholders, refinements to board structure, non-disclosure on compensation and tightening up of certain enforcement provisions.

This note combines vignettes and scholarly research to outline the cognitive biases and decision-making strategies that influence key decisions in the founding process. It is argued that the same biases which provide early benefits can later prove to be a weakness for the startup, and that founders must learn to identify their biases and work to balance them out with sound advice and dispassionate analysis.

Technical note covering various aspects of accounting for stockholders' equity.

This note analyzes disputes over intellectual property enforcement and agricultural trade barriers at the center of the Doha Round of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations. Fundamental principles of intellectual property rights and agricultural subsidies are described, along with the challenges of creating and operating multilateral institutions. The note begins with a brief history of multilateral negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), then describes key events of the Doha Round that began in 2001, and the WTO's dispute settlement process. A stalemate has developed between developed and developing countries in WTO talks, leading to the proliferation of bilateral agreements. The note challenges readers to develop an informed position on global trade governance and the economic benefits and political tradeoffs associated with reduced trade barriers and the elimination of domestic subsidies.

This technical note is part of a course module that focuses on teaching design-thinking skills and 10 tools to identify and implement innovation and growth opportunities. It can be taught to MBA, undergraduate, or executive groups. The note and its accompanying teaching note includes an explanation of why design thinking is a useful addition to a business curriculum, an outline for a 15-session course, a description of the 10 design tools taught, and a set of student exercises to practice them. It also summarizes a series of 10 video interviews with leading designers and teachers that are available for free on the designing at Darden website.

This note contains a verbatim transcript between an MBA student and a practicing manager and can be used to identify the speaker's values, attitude, beliefs, and expectations (VABEs). Seeing, examining, understanding, and evaluating one's own VABEs is a precursor to becoming an effective leader of others.

This note introduces the importance to family businesses of drafting a family constitution to maintain success and continuity of governance of the family's enterprises. The process of family members/owners being involved in making the draft provides the most value for the enterprise, more so than the content of the finished product.

From 2004-2009, almost 40,000 mass layoffs occurred in the US, representing over 7 million workers. This note describes the effects of layoffs on employees, firms, and communities.

This note reviews decision criteria for carrying out a layoff, best practices for implementation, and ways that managers can prepare themselves to conduct a layoff.

This technical note supports the "Shrimp Commodity Systems Learning Lab" (SCSLL) simulation (UVA-OM-1405S) used in environmental sustainability or systems thinking courses. It offers detailed guidance for the progression of interactive learning experiences in the SCSLL. Through the simulation, users develop an understanding of the issues facing the shrimp industry system and how policy alternatives could improve the industry's typical boom-and-bust patterns. A teaching note (OM-1428TN) is available.

This note describes the payoff structure of investment in individual venture capital-backed companies and in venture capital portfolios. Venture Capital investments are characterized by high failure rate (0ver 50%) and a small number of given successes (greater than 10% returns). As an asset, class, venture capital has produced high cyclical returns that mirror trends in capital markets and in markets for new technology. There is a large disparity in median and upper quantize performance. A small number of funds do well on a constant basis. Overall returns on venture capital have been low for the decade ending in 2009.      

This note provides an introduction to operational systems thinking using the language of stocks and flows and guided by a scientific method-based mapping process. Operational mental models link explicit cause-and-effect relationships to the dynamics (behaviors over time) that unfold within the system. Such mental models improve students' ability to mentally simulate how different interventions in a system will affect its long-term performance.

This module note provides introduction to the field of global strategic management/international business.

Overview of Spans of Control and Accountability.