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This note introduces fundamental financial tools and techniques employed by financial managers and analysts to evaluate and enhance the financial position of a business. Forms of ownership, statement of cash flows, financial ratio analysis, projected financial statements, sensitivity analysis, credit, sources and types of financing, and bankruptcy are discussed in this note.

Financial statements provide company employees, investors, lenders, competitors and shareholders with an understanding of a company's operating results and financial condition. The topics discussed in this note include the statement of earnings, the balance sheet, the statement of retained earnings and the auditor's reports and footnotes.

This note explores four fundamental aspects of all organizations in order to help students develop an effective operating point of view and decision-making skills related to operations. The basic components of operating systems are outlined as well as key tasks for operations managers, types of operations systems and tools to help diagnose and solve common operations problems.

This note details the critical areas that apply most directly to the job of a manager and to some of the research that has been accomplished in this area. Specific topics include organizational structure and culture, effective leadership techniques, the proper use of power and influence, proven ways of motivating employees and the effects cognitive differences and diversity in the workplace have on behavior in organizations.

General management integrates all of the functional areas of a business with a view to making decisions that are coherent and beneficial to the entire firm. This note begins with a strategy model that provides an overview of the key elements the general manager needs to consider when making strategic decisions. Each area of the strategy is then discussed. Types of strategic choices are then presented, followed by a section on valuation. The note concludes with an overview of a strategic decision-making process.

This note details the basic components of case-based learning, a method chosen by professors for its effectiveness. Designed as an introduction, this note outlines the goals of case learning, how to prepare for class discussions and what to expect during group assignments.

This technical note introduces the basics of forward and futures contracts. It covers the very simplest contract on financial assets with no income and expands the discussion to cover contracts on financial assets with dividends, contracts on foreign currency and commodities. There is a discussion on the difference between forward/futures prices and the expected spot rate.

This technical note covers the pricing of warrants. The note derives the basic formula for the pricing of warrants and offers a simple example to demonstrate the underlying concepts.

This technical note addresses the basics of risk measure for options. It introduces the different risk measures for options: Delta, Gamma, Vega, Rho, and Theta. Although the note focuses primarily on price risk (Delta) and the Delta risk (Gamma), it does address volatility risk (Vega), interest-rate risk (Rho), and time decay (Theta). In addition to providing derivations and basic calculations, the note provides a full description of Delta hedging.

Options on stock indexes, currencies, and futures all have something in common. In each of those cases, the holder of the option does not get the same things that the holder of the underlying asset gets. This affects the value of the option. In this note, we cover the valuation implications of this for options on stock indexes, currencies, and futures.

This technical note accompanies the case titled "Suntrust Acquisition of National Commerce" and describes the various capital ratios that are commonly used in the banking sector as well as gives an example of those ratios using a hypothetical bank. It also discusses briefly Basel I and Basel II which shaped capital regulations and ratios in the Banking sector.

This note provides an overview of interest rate parity and the hedged cost of international borrowings. The note describes the essential steps to hedge international borrowings with forward contracts and describes in detail the link between forward rates and interest rates and what drives that relationship.

The carbon market has emerged in response to concerns about global climate change. This note characterizes the market in 2008, describing each segment and how it operates.

This technical note introduces the basic structure of the IS\LM and AS\AD models for a closed economy (i.e., one that does not engage in international trade). It is a useful complement for the more in-depth presentation of these models commonly found in an economics textbook.

Technical stock analysis uses past prices and trading volume or both to predict future prices. A broad range of techniques such as chart analysis, moving averages, and other filters and oscillators can be used to identify predictable patterns in stock prices. The conventional wisdom is that stock-price patterns emerge from systematic psychological behavior of market participants. This note provides an overview of some common analytical tools for identifying trading opportunities.

This note provides a brief overview of the consumer benefit ladder (CBL) technique, a tool used to uncover why consumers buy particular products or services. CBLs are similar to means-end chains, hierarchical value maps, and so forth.

Marketing improves an organization's performance by establishing and fostering profitable relationships with customers. This note details the major choices faced by marketing professionals and the 10 steps for preparing a successful marketing plan.

This note presents the Nonprofit Coherence Framework. It helps nonprofit leaders identify the key elements that support an organizational strategy focused on attaining high performance, bring those elements into a coherent relationship with the strategy and each other, and help guide the actions of people throughout an organization in the pursuit of high levels of individual and organizational achievement. This note proposes that to attain high performance, a nonprofit organization must have all of its organizational elements-culture, structure, systems, resources, stakeholders, and the operating environment- working together to drive strategy.

The students will learn the role of emotion in decision making and understand the specific implications of emotion in entrepreneurship.

This technical note introduces the basic structure of what we call the Three-Paned Model. The model is essentially just an "opening up" of the closed-economy IS/LM Model, with the main pane being the IS/LM Model (modified only slightly to allow for international trade) and two additional panes that determine the amount of capital inflows, net exports, and the exchange rate. This note is not a substitute for the more in-depth presentation of these models found in textbooks, but should be used to complement each textbook's richer treatment of the theoretical and technical aspects of these models.