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The authors argue that a thriving environment for innovation contains eight characteristics, and that assessing them properly sets the stage for a start-up to flourish. After describing the eight characteristics, they use them to compare Toronto with Silicon Valley as a location for start-ups to thrive. In the end, they show that ignoring the eight factors may lead founders to pick the wrong location, resulting in difficulty attracting the necessary funding, talent, suppliers, partnerships and customers.

Leadership pioneer Peter Drucker once said, "You cannot manage other people unless you manage yourself first." The authors agree, and they argue that more specifically, leadership starts with your mind. They explain four principles that every leader should know about their mind: You do not control your mind; you are not rational; your mind creates your reality; and you are not your thoughts. The then show how embracing these principles and being mindful leads you on the road to self-awareness, resulting in happiness and strong leadership.

At some point in their careers, most-if not all-executives aspire to become the CEO of their organization. And why not? These individuals tend to be highly ambitious. However, as with most things in life, aspiration is one thing, and execution is another. The author, who has worked closely with CEOs for 30 years as a board director, describes what it takes to be a CEO today. He shows that any would-be CEO must develop four particular 'directional' skills: upwards, downwards, outwards and outside-in, which enable him/her to be a Chief Relationship Officer, Chief Strategic Officer, Chief Communications Officer and Chief External Officer for the organization.

The power of a company with leaders who inspire at every level up and down the organization is hard to overstate. These are the companies that consistently pull off innovative or heroic feats in business because so many of the people who work there are motivated to make them happen. The authors-consultants at Bain and Co.-describe their five-year research study, which uncovered 33 distinct and tangible attributes that are statistically significant in creating inspiration in others. The good news: Having just four of these attributes is sufficient to make someone highly inspiring.

The author, a senior partner with the Boston Consulting Group, set out to answer the question, 'Is strategy still relevant?' He found that not only is it relevant, but doing things in a differentiated way is more important than ever. The trick is to figure out three characteristics of the environment you operate within: unpredictability, malleability and harshness. Ranking a business on these factors leads to one of five strategic approaches: classic strategy; adaptive strategy; the visionary approach; the shaping approach; or strategic renewal. In the end he shows that you can generate value by engaging with each opportunity with the right framing and awareness.

Research indicates that 40 per cent of Americans report feeling anxious during the work day. On the one hand, anxiety can conjure up distressing thoughts and have detrimental effects on performance; but on the other, anxiety can drive actions and have positive effects on performance. The authors set out to create a theory of workplace anxiety that reconciles the positive and negative effects of anxiety, covering dispositional anxiety, situational anxiety, job characteristics and more. Their findings have important implications for personnel selection practices, promotions, goal-setting initiatives and work-life integration programs.

Anti-bias training is extremely popular in Silicon Valley, where tech titans like Facebook and Google mandate it, but a similar trend is on the rise among Fortune 500 corporations. To help root out bias, the authors developed ACE, a framework that codifies employee potential and can be used to analyze bias in assessments of potential. They describe the six elements of the ACE model and go on to provide a three-part strategy for uprooting bias in every organization.

Researchers from INSEAD and Kellogg conducted a statistical analysis of R&D spending and growth, using data on the world's top 2,500 companies. This revealed that consumer packaged goods firms often see better returns on R&D spending when they focus on small changes (such as modifications to packaging) rather than on ambitious "moon shots." Companies operate under two distinctly different philosophies, the researchers found. "The motto of companies with big R&D budgets is 'bigger, better, faster,'" they say, whereas firms with modest R&D budgets "seem to do extremely well by tweaking and improving things in their brands and creating a lot more sales."

Purveyors of high-end goods who want to increase sales to men probably should start hiring more Tom Bradys. New research from Europe shows that male shoppers' spending more than doubled when a tall, athletic-looking male employee was present in the store. Why? It may have something to do with jockeying for status.

Innovation is a key source of organizational growth and profitability. Many organizations at the front end of innovation struggle to engender an innovation approach that is effective and lasting. This article presents a framework that defines the interdependency of innovation and strategy, and then outlines the role of top management to continuously renew the positioning of the firm. Based on a synthesis of prior research-including the Dynamic Capabilities View, Innovation Orientation, and Disruptive Innovation Theory-and our own experience working with organizations, we present an operational strategy shift framework, which allows practitioners to increase, refine, and transform their firm's capability to innovate (CTI) toward achieving their strategic objectives. This framework provides guidance that leaders can use to integrate innovation into their strategic process.

Corporate sustainability has gone mainstream, and many companies have taken meaningful steps to improve their own environmental performance. But while corporate political actions such as lobbying can have a greater impact on environmental quality, they are ignored in most current sustainability metrics. It is time for these metrics to be expanded to critically assess firms based on the sustainability impacts of their public policy positions. To enable such assessments, firms must become as transparent about their corporate political responsibility (CPR) as their corporate social responsibility (CSR). For their part, rating systems must demand such information from firms and include evaluations of corporate political activity in their assessments of corporate environmental responsibility.

This article explores a variety of ways employees are being engaged as social innovators in their companies or as co-creators in partnerships with other businesses, NGOs, and/or government agencies. They are engaged as intrapreneurs in company innovations contests, in partnerships with external social entrepreneurs, and in pro bono global service programs, and as members of innovation teams in organization-wide innovations. The study compares and contrasts four employee engagement platforms and assesses their impact on participating employees, companies, and communities from these efforts.

Stakeholder capitalism seeks to benefit multiple stakeholders, rather than primarily shareholders. Two increasingly popular forms are the employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) and the benefit corporation. But what happens when a company combines these structures? While the benefit corporation's expanded stakeholder mandate may appear to come at the expense of employee-owner wealth and the potential for shared power, in fact they can complement one another. Being a benefit corporation can strengthen the employee-owned company's ownership culture through enhanced engagement and creation of a meaningful work environment. And in turn, employee owners can add a layer of accountability to help them meet the benefit corporation's expanded stakeholder mandate.

How do incumbent firms respond over time to a potentially disruptive technology? This article documents the strategies of 12 large pharmaceutical firms over 25 years as they addressed the opportunity/threat of biotechnology. All showed awareness of biotechnology's potential, but their response profiles varied dramatically in terms of timing (early/late) and focus (external/internal). Late movers mostly made large acquisitions to "catch up," but early movers maintained their lead in terms of biotechnology-based drug sales and profitability, and those with a more "open" response profile performed better. This response involves a three-step process: building awareness (sensing), building capability (responding), and building commitment (scaling).

A corporation that employs an "outside-in" startup program needs to screen a large number of potential startups and assess each time: What is the value of the startup's offering to our business, and what resources and support will the startup need so we can actually obtain its offering? However, many startups are not very good at communicating their customer value proposition in a way that helps the customer firm making such assessments. This article recommends that startups construct two sequential value propositions. The Innovative Offering Value Proposition communicates how the startup's offering creates superior value for the customer. It answers the question: What is extraordinary about the startup's offering that will enable the customer to solve a significant problem it has or achieve a top priority it has? The Leveraging Assistance Value Proposition conveys what the customer firm will get in return for providing support and resources to the startup. It answers the question: What will make it worthwhile from the customer's perspective to support the startup to realize its innovative offering?

Artificial intelligence (AI) has penetrated many organizational processes, resulting in a growing fear that smart machines will soon replace many humans in decision making. To provide a more proactive and pragmatic perspective, this article highlights the complementarity of humans and AI and examines how each can bring their own strength in organizational decision-making processes typically characterized by uncertainty, complexity, and equivocality. With a greater computational information processing capacity and an analytical approach, AI can extend humans' cognition when addressing complexity, whereas humans can still offer a more holistic, intuitive approach in dealing with uncertainty and equivocality in organizational decision making. This premise mirrors the idea of intelligence augmentation, which states that AI systems should be designed with the intention of augmenting, not replacing, human contributions.

As researchers and consultants, we have spent the last few years helping a dozen major public and private organizations understand what went wrong with their strategic planning. We discovered that executives have a hard time with strategy because they are at a loss when the time comes to engage in strategic dialogue. Either their teams debate the organization's values and goals when such issues should be settled, or they waste time on the details of specific projects that have yet to receive the green light. But whether the conversation is too broad or too narrow, strategy stays out of view. Drawing on recent developments in strategy-as-practice and decision-making literature, we propose a model that executives can follow to take control of strategy meetings and keep their teams on track. We ask them to focus on the right decision purpose, adjust the meeting's communication style, and cast the right leader for the job. When these three simple rules are followed, the pillars of successful dialogue are aligned, and executives can finally talk about what matters most to them: strategy.

Business schools, defined as educational institutions that specialize in teaching courses and programs related to business and/or management, are facing major challenges. These challenges stem from a number of major shifts in the business education landscape, including the rising importance of rankings and accreditations, the increased weight placed on ethical decision making, the ongoing debate on rigor vs. relevance in research, the digital revolution, and the significant decrease in public funding. In fact, they are so fundamental that the coming decade is likely to represent a new era in the history of business education, the fourth since the concept of the business school was created in 1819 with the establishment of ESCP Europe. The purpose of this article is to outline these main changes (TASK: T-from tower to Twittersphere, A-from auditorium to anti-café, S-from stakeholder to shareholder, K-from knowledge to know-how) and to discuss how they impact the different AS-SE-TS of a business school (alumni & students, staff & equipment, teachers & scholars). The article ends with a proposed classification of schools along four corners (culture, compass, capital, and content) and a discussion of which types of schools are best suited to adapt to these changes.

Social entrepreneurship research has often focused on the benefits and challenges of designing hybrid organizations that integrate competing institutional logics to tackle social problems using market-based methods, especially in developing economies. Drawing on case evidence from the Safe Water for Africa program, we show how and why pricing new products at other than market prices offers a seductive but dangerous mechanism for managers seeking to pursue dual objectives in hybrid organizations. We identify five strategic and operational challenges with ethical implications that manifest as pricing dilemmas and show how and why they are likely to elicit moral dilemmas among stakeholders of social entrepreneurship who are not equally committed to both social and economic objectives.

Social media is a rapid and dynamic medium of communication that forms a crucial component of the modern business toolkit. It can be used to detect corporate fraud by tapping into collective user wisdom, also known as the wisdom of crowds. This article highlights both the potential and limitations of social media in detecting corporate fraud by examining information from traditional media and social media for a recent corporate fraud case (i.e., Empowered Products Inc.). Using text analysis of information posted on traditional media compared to social media, this article illustrates how social media provides an increased level of relevant information in a faster manner. By using wisdom of crowds in this way, social media platforms such as Twitter can improve organizational knowledge quality. We identify methods for managers to utilize social media to improve their organizational knowledge management.