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The Newfoundland Centre for the Arts (NCA) was a theatre, dance and visual arts organization with a long history of promoting indigenous Newfoundland and Labrador arts. The center was a democratic, member-driven organization, and stakeholders disagreed over aspects of the center's mandate and operations. NCA had also experienced financial difficulties, including a crisis in 2002 that almost resulted in closure. Funding came through, and the general manager undertook a strategic review of the organization. She must now present her recommendations to ensure the long term viability and success of NCA to the board of directors.

Explores the creation of the Rolex watch by Hans Wilsdorf. Provides a case study of how one of the world's leading luxury brands was created and, more generally, provides a vehicle for exploring the competitive advantage of Switzerland in watchmaking (and other industries). Although Switzerland was a traditional watchmaking center, Wilsdorf-who was neither a watchmaker nor Swiss-created this successful brand through his emphasis on quality and reliability, combined with celebrity marketing.

Examines the overthrow of President Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala in 1954 in a U.S.-backed coup in support of the United Fruit Co. Over the previous half century, United Fruit had built a large vertically integrated tropical fruit business that owned large banana plantations in the "banana republics" of Central America, including Guatemala. Examines the impact and role of United Fruit in the Guatemalan economy, one of the poorest in the world, and the reasons for growing hostility toward the company, culminating in Arbenz's agrarian reform policies aimed at redistributing some of the land held by United Fruit. The United States, which regarded Arbenz as pro-communist, supported United Fruit in the context of the Cold War.

Describes the leadership challenges involved in managing strategic innovation and change in a highly mature business unit. Allows systematic exploration of organizational structures, incentives, competencies, and culture that impede innovation. Pivots on a new leader's dilemmas in shaping both his team and larger organization to initiate both incremental as well as radical innovation.

Examines the career of Aristotle Onassis and his creation of one of the world's largest shipping companies between 1945 and 1973. Explores the role of ethnic and family networks in Greek shipping and how Onassis was able to penetrate this system despite being an outsider. Looks at Onassis' role as a strategic innovator in flags of convenience and supertankers. Examines the dynamics of competitive advantage in shipping, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of family-owned firms. Ends with the death of Onassis' only son in 1973 and the resulting vacuum in succession.

The theories of market segmentation and brand building in Chapter 3, What Products Will Customers Want to Buy? in The Innovator's Solution by Clayton Christensen and Michael Raynor suggest that when companies segment markets and build brands in ways that match how the customer sees the market--customers hire products to get jobs done--their success rate in innovation increases. Gallardo's is a privately held firm whose products--salsas, sauces, and seasonings for Latin American dishes--were sold primarily in the southwestern United States. When the company had saturated that geographical market, its CEO decided to invade Mexico. Describes how Gallardo's marketers learned what jobs Mexican housewives hired these products to do. Shows how the company used these market insights to segment the market along different lines than its competitors. Gallardo's products and advertisements ended up spurring significant growth in the market, but most of the growth was captured by its primary competitor. What went wrong? Were Gallardo's branding and segmentation strategies consistent with the jobs-to-be-done model? Does the company have the chance to relaunch its products more successfully?

Presents a simple interest hedging exercise. A hedge fund is considering an investment in a structured fixed--income product: an inverse floating-rate bond, or inverse floater, designed by a U.S. investment bank. The hedge fund's normal policy is to hedge interest rate risk, maintaining a duration and convexity-neutral portfolio. Because of the complicated nature of the structured product, the protagonist must figure out how to hedge this product.

Describes the reorganization of drug discovery at GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) following the formation of GSK from the merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham. This reorganization placed nearly 2,000 research scientists into six centers of excellence in drug discovery (CEDD). Each CEDD focused on a small set of therapeutic areas and possessed decision rights over the progression of pharmaceutical compounds through the early stages of development. Describes the proposed structure for the CEDDs and their relationship to remaining centralized departments within GSK's R&D organization. Addresses issues about the benefits of focus vs. diversification in R&D, the role of decentralized vs. coordinated decision making, and the importance of alignment between the structural and infrastructural (e.g., performance incentives) aspects of an operating model. Using the empirical context of mergers in the pharmaceutical industry, the case allows students to build broader insights about the interaction between organizational form and operating performance.

Ticonderoga is a small hedge fund that trades in mortgage-backed securities--securities created from pooled mortgage loans. They often appear as straightforward so-called "pass-throughs," but can also be pooled again to create collateral for a mortgage security known as a collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO). CMOs allow cash flows from the underlying pass-throughs to be directed, allowing the creation of different classes of securities--tranches--with different maturities, coupons, and risk profiles. In April 2005, the general managers of Ticonderoga are looking at the market data, trying to construct a trade given their view on the prepayment speed of mortgages vs. the implied prepayment speed they derive from CMOs in the market.

A client asks Luc Giraud, CEO of the structured finance solutions provider Nexgen Financial Solutions, to put together a solution that allows the client to add AAA-rated bonds to its portfolio. The client cannot find suitably priced top-rated bonds in the market and wonders whether Nexgen can use lower grade bonds to create AAA-equivalent instruments. The process of securitization packages together securities to create new securities with different risk and return profiles.

In late 2004, a cashed-out entrepreneur in the health sciences decides to pursue private-equity angel investing as a means to fulfill her professional, financial, and personal objectives. Jocelyn Chang investigates three different types of angel organizations: the Band of Angels, Tenex Medical Investors, and the Washington Dinner Club. As part of her research into private-equity investing, she explores recent (postbubble) developments in both angel investing and the venture-capital industry.

Deals with the growth of the icewine industry and follows Vincor International as it creates an international market for its Inniskillin Icewine--a luxury alcoholic beverage consumed as a dessert wine. Gives the history of the alcoholic beverage industry in Canada and details trends in the current global wine industry. Follows Roger Provost (HBS MBA 1980), chief marketing officer for Canadian-based Vincor, as he develops Inniskillin's initial marketing strategy within Canada. Goes on to detail Inniskillin's challenges as it enters other markets, initially through the travel retail distribution channel. Deals with issues in brand management, product development, and international marketing. Explores the opportunities and challenges facing luxury niche products in the global economy.

In early 2002, Levi Strauss was considering rekindling its Wal-Mart relationship with a new value brand. How should the brand be developed to preserve sales with existing customers in other channels? Was it possible to leverage the iconic Levi's name while remaining competitive and not affecting consumers' propensity to purchase other Levi's product lines at higher price points?

Tracks Merck's efforts to adapt to changes in the pharmaceutical industry. Key challenges include adapting Merck's internally focused, science-led culture to a more open environment, where marketing performance has become increasingly important. Examines Merck's efforts to adapt to the external changes without compromising its internal values and capability architecture.

Chen Feng and three others started Hainan Airlines in China during a historic transformation and privatization of the civil aviation industry. From a small loan from the local province in 1992, Chairman Chen built the company into a conglomerate that, by 2003, owned airlines, hotels, airports, travel agencies, an insurance company, and a department store. Despite its many successes, including being the first airline in China to attract foreign capital, the company faces many challenges at both the business and corporate levels. Was the company's increasing breadth a distraction to the airline business or a route to competitive advantage? Going forward, what should be Chen's priorities?

In September 2004, four months after Hungary joined the European Union, the strategy group of Matav, Hungary's largest communications company, is working on its mid-term strategic plan. Since being privatized from the state in 1993, the company has seen several changes in its strategy, structure, and culture. Nearly 15 years later, the company is a fully integrated telecommunications company involved in a broad range of services, including fixed line telephony, mobile communications, Internet services, data transmission, and outsourcing. The company's latest acquisition of a state-run telecommunications company is considered a success, and management believes that international expansion is necessary to realize dynamic growth as its domestic fixed line business is declining. In addition, Hungary's mobile market is highly competitive and saturated with 80% of the country having mobile phones. The management team feels that Matav is at a crossroads with three main options: expansion in Hungary, regional expansion, or organic growth in existing product lines. The team has to consider all of the lines of business in forming a strategy and whether Matav's resources and organization are suitable for a healthy future.

KTM is a successful European off-road motorcycle manufacturer with sales in 72 countries. KTM has been experiencing impressive growth in both its top and bottom lines over the past several years, but it is facing significant growth pressure from its venture capitalist investor. The chief financial officer must determine how the company could achieve its growth objectives. Options include geographic expansion (increase U.S. emphasis or expansion to new European Union countries) or product expansion. Implementation options include a merger, acquisition, or internal growth. Several opportunities for geographic expansion and product diversification exist, and implementation options include make, buy, or ally decisions.

Before he accepts the new CEO position, Dick Williams wants founder Lew Cirne to step down as chairman. While considering Williams' incredible demand, Cirne reflects on everything he has already given up to get Wily Technology to this point. He agreed to step down as CEO and take what could be a largely symbolic CTO title. He also agreed to give Williams roughly as much equity as he himself owned and far more in salary. As the founder, CEO, and chairman of Wily Technology, Cirne had worked hard to build the skills necessary to lead his start-up. He had developed Wily's early technology single-handedly, had hired 50 employees to help him build his company, and had successfully spearheaded a strategic transformation of his company. He had led Wily to the point where several important customers bought its flagship product and had successfully raised two rounds of financing from top investors. Cirne wonders what he could have done to be pushed to the side like this. What should he do now?

Is it deception or is it simply a clever business tactic? The varieties and scope of deceptive behavior are examined in this series of caselets, which offer a wide range of sample dilemmas in many fields, including medical publishing, the auto industry, investment banking, the oil industry, and even in the fine art of writing a resume.

A+J+O uses quantitative stock picking engines based on statistical stock return anomalies. They use neither outside research nor soft dollars. They have a developed a relationship with brokers that fosters good execution quality of trades. Ted Aronson, the founder is wondering whether the firm should expand further the long-short investment strategy.