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Supplements the (A) case.

On April 14, 1994, two U.S. Air Force F-15 fighters accidentally shot down two U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopters over Northern Iraq, killing all 26 peacekeepers onboard. Describes the initial investigation and response to this accident and raises questions about the role of human behavior in the accident. Told through the eyes of three of the main participants--Captain Eric Wickson, Lieutenant Ricky Wilson, and Brigadier General Jeffrey Scott Pilkington.

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is a large Fortune 500 retail chain. The distinction of being the top-ranked company comes with intense scrutiny from the public and, especially, critics. Wal-Mart, a company lauded for its rapid response capability and stated commitments to gender equality, is deficient in some glaring areas--the percentage of women compared to men at all levels of the company and the compensation paid to women vs. men at all levels of the company, to cite two examples. An executive vice-president must examine why these inequalities exist when the company seems to be doing everything else right. The company is the target of several gender discrimination lawsuits. The executive vice-president has the opportunity to obtain information that would be useful in the current situation and must determine what information is needed.

Supplements the (A) case.

Canada's tobacco manufacturers all faced similar marketing challenges: a decrease in the proportion of the population who smokes, a growing list of government restrictions on promotional opportunities, and increases in taxation on tobacco products. Despite the variety of packaging formats, the 10 most popular brands, produced by the three leading manufacturers, had been priced identically. When the number two manufacturer reintroduced one of its products as a discounted brand, the marketing executives at the rival companies needed to decide on their response.

Supplements the (A) case.

This case provides students with an opportunity to understand how to analyze costs and profit at the service-line level. Students have a chance to allocate general and administrative costs to service lines in a number of different ways and are directed toward considering drivers of overhead expenses in the allocation process. In addition, students should be challenged to discuss whether it even makes sense, in this setting, to allocate all the general and administrative costs. Finally, students are asked to calculate the incremental contribution margin percentage for each service line, and determine which service line(s) Finnegan should try to expand.

This case presents an opportunity for students to use flexible budgeting to perform a variance analysis on the operating results of EntertainmentNow.com. First, the company's original budget is flexed to account for changes in sales volume. Then, actual results are compared to the flexed budget and analyzed for product mix, price, cost of goods sold, efficiency, and other variances. In addition, the case requires a simple calculation to determine the breakeven level of sales given the company's current variable and fixed costs.

This case describes the two types of client conflict--conflict of duty and conflict of service--that professionals manage. It delineates how the management of these conflicts affects the scale and scope of service that professionals provide.

When Jeffrey Swartz became the third generation in his family to lead the Timberland Co., he made community involvement an integral part of the company's strategy. Under Swartz's leadership, Timberland formed a close partnership with City Year, the national corps of young adults engaged in community service events, established a community enterprise division to schedule community service events, and gave each employee 32 hours of annual paid leave to participate in service work. As a result of these initiatives, Swartz believed the idea of community service at Timberland had gone beyond traditional notions of philanthropy or cause-related marketing to become a central feature of the company and brand's identity. However, in 1995, the spectacular sales growth Timberland enjoyed during the first years of Jeffrey Swartz's tenure as COO leveled off. The company reported its first loss and initiated significant restructuring. The tough times prompted some observers to question Timberland's continued commitment to community service. An abridged version of a case.

This case is about African-American, Latin American and Asian undergraduate, international business majors from a Boston-area university who traveled to Spain, France and Germany for a year-long period of study and work. Presented are their experiences being minority students in Europe. The experiences range from annoying stares to aggressive propositions from men. This case can be used with the note The Changing Face of Europe: A Note on Immigration and Societal Attitudes, product 9B03M050 to prepare business students for overseas study and internships.

Although McDonald's breakfast and snack sales increased, they have not kept pace with industry growth. The primary barrier to this sales growth in the Canadian market, according to a franchise owner, is the quality of the coffee. McDonald's in Canada has tried to build its coffee brand equity for many years. It had switched to the Higgins and Burke coffee but had little success changing negative customer perceptions. To change customer perceptions, McDonald's needed to revolutionize its coffee program. McCafe was introduced in response to this coffee issue: a full-service coffee bar located in a McDonald's restaurant as an extension to the front counter or located as a stand-alone restaurant. Over 300 McCafes existed worldwide. Although McDonald's would like to get a piece of the lucrative coffee market, McCafe's main objective was to eliminate coffee as a barrier to breakfast and snack sales. The question for one franchise owner is whether McCafe's strong initial sales can be sustained.

Outsourcing has become a way for companies to change their cost structures overnight. Even fixed costs can become variable. Depending on the types of relevant costs, a firm must decide between outsourcing and "do it yourself." But how can a small business owner determine whether a cost is relevant? The frameworks suggested here offer examples of quantitative analysis using combinations of variable direct, labor, discretionary fixed, and committed fixed direct costs. Using learning curve analysis, demonstrated indifference, Monte Carlo simulation, and economic value added, accountants can evaluate such situations and help steer the firm toward the right decision.

A great number of IT projects seem to take on lives of their own, gobbling up valuable resources without ever reaching their objectives. But they can be tamed. Once managers understand the key reasons why projects become runaways, they can learn to recognize the early signs of escalation and decide whether, when, and how to pull the plug. Project management will never become an exact science, but the guidelines provided here can at least help move it into the realm of a disciplined art.

Raymond James Financial (RJF) currently sells financial services through two channels. It is considering adding a third in the "middle" of the other two. The current strategy has one channel with employees and another with independent contractors. These attract very different financial advisers with various interests. The new proposal would create a "quasi" employee who would have some of the benefits of being an employee, but enjoy a lot more freedom than a traditional employee in running his or her own business. Raises many important issues at a general level as well as those specific to service industries. First, students must decide how many different services the firm should offer. How targeted should the firm be? How does the firm ensure that the right people select the right offering? Which salespeople should sell in which model? Given the competitive dynamic, the class is able to discuss why an adviser comes to work at RJF as compared with another firm and what this means for his or her business. Offers an opportunity to apply marketing principles to a human resources problem and discuss how test markets differ between business and consumer marketing and between products and services.

David Fischer is trying to raise $200 million for a first-time venture debt fund that will be affiliated with Silicon Valley Bank, a major technology lender. Despite his lengthy experience in venture lending, the process is proving difficult. He and his partners are considering whether to continue trying to raise the full amount or to close a smaller sum that is readily available and prove the model before trying to raise a larger fund. In making their decision, the partners must consider the structure of the fund and the value added by their links to the bank as well as how to counter conflict of interest concerns raised by the potential limited partners.

Describes the turnaround of America Latina Logistica, a $200 million revenue, formerly state-owned, railway in Brazil that has been restored to profitability by its CEO, a recent MBA graduate. After successfully transforming the company's operations, finances, and organization, the CEO must decide whether to acquire a trucking company and offer integrated logistics solutions to customers or stay focused on its core business of rail transportation. Provides rich data describing the details of the company's turnaround and also provides sufficient industry and financial data to analyze the strategic and financial implications of the proposed merger.

Even though Ford Motor Co. reports improved profitability, an equity analyst issues a sell recommendation and Standard & Poor's downgrades long-term debt.

Supplements the (A) case.

The December 20, 1994 Mexican devaluation creates U.S. dollar losses for an unprepared U.S. corporation with multiple operations in Mexico.