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Beginning with an ambitious, lean start-up effort in the highly competitive restaurant industry in Auckland, New Zealand, a husband-and-wife team built a small empire of successful fine dining Indian restaurants. Then came the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, which exposed their extreme vulnerability to external forces and the subsequent volatility of the restaurant industry. Their quick pivot to launching a line of Indian sauces for home cooks, Cassia at Home, was an instant success. As the couple contemplated different paths to recovery from the pandemic disruption, they wondered how they should expand their newest business into a sustaining brand and what the future of the existing restaurants would look like. Should they continue to expand the new retail business, abandon the move into manufacturing and broader distribution, or even focus on reviving their existing restaurant businesses? An earlier version of the case was awarded Second Place in the 2021 John Molson Business Ownership Case Writing Competition sponsored by the Bob & Raye Briscoe Centre in Business Ownership Studies, John Molson School of Business, Concordia University.

In fall 2021, a team of students from the HBS Impact Investing Fund considered Neurologic Optimal Wellness Physical Therapy (NOW PT) for a potential investment. Dr. Banks, the founder of NOW PT, drove to visit patients. She sought an investment from the fund to open a brick-and-mortar clinic. However, the students believed that Dr. Banks might be more successful if she continued providing mobile PT services. At the conclusion of the case, the students must perform due diligence to test their hypothesis. What should their priorities be as they begin the due diligence process?

This (B) case examines the results of the HBS Impact Investment Fund student team's diligence on Neurologic Optimal Wellness Physical Therapy (NOW PT). After examining Springfield's demographics, anticipated PT demand, local competition, and NOW PT's financial statements, the students realized that NOW PT would be more successful if it opened a brick-and-mortar clinic. The case appendix provides the students' Investment Committee deck, which readers can reference as an example of a thorough due diligence process. The conclusion of the case reveals the students' investment recommendation and its results.

Multi-sided platforms (MSPs) are becoming increasingly important in contemporary economies. This special issue of California Management Review aims to stimulate collective discussion among researchers and practitioners on advancing diverse types of MSPs and on better understanding their future development. This article analyzes five contributions to this special issue and explores the growth trajectories of MSPs. There are three types of platforms: born-platform, platform-born adjacent, and incumbent-born. And they rely respectively on three market entry strategies: market creation, market broadening, and market deepening. This article also spotlights the coopetition dynamics of the platforms.

Multisided platforms are new organizing forms that can boost innovation in the healthcare sector by empowering patients as innovators and facilitating the commercialization of innovations by and for patients. However, applying the playbook script for the platform model from other sectors may prove challenging given the distinctive nature of the healthcare services. Drawing on the case of a leading healthcare innovation platform in Europe, this article examines the platform's role in identifying and enabling the development and diffusion of patient innovations. This involves three main roles (community organizer, market matchmaker, and innovation manager) and corresponding orchestration activities.

Honorable Mention; 2022 DEI Global Case Writing Competition. In November 2021, Activision Blizzard, Inc., the California-based maker of popular videogames such as Call of Duty and World of Warcraft, faced several challenges concerning issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The challenges stemmed from a lawsuit filed by the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH) that charged the company with rampant gender discrimination and sexual harassment, which (the suit alleged) had been going on for years. This was followed by an exposé in the Wall Street Journal that blamed company CEO Robert A. Kotick for not keeping the board informed of these issues. Accompanying all this was pushback from Activision's two major customers, Microsoft and Sony, who demanded that the company address the charges. Activision's board chairman, Brian Kelly, and lead independent director, Robert J. Morgado, had to respond to these challenges amid the backdrop of mounting employee unrest. One major step they took was to appoint the board's two female directors, Dawn Ostroff and Reveta Bowers, to examine possible solutions. Students will put themselves into the shoes of Ostroff and Bowers and formulate recommendations.

London Hydro, Inc. (London Hydro) must forecast the electricity demand of the firm's clients. The Ontario Energy Board had just announced the results of a pilot program to introduce a new pricing scheme to residential energy consumers in Ontario. This was the origin of tiered pricing, which was based on overall monthly energy usage. In the past, consumers had all been on a time-of-use plan where energy was more expensive during peak hours and cheaper in lower-demand hours. Thus, London Hydro had to anticipate the potential change in client behaviour and predict the effects of the pricing shift. Using data it had gathered on individual household energy consumption, London Hydro hoped that by forecasting which consumers might shift to the new tiered pricing plan it could gain key insights that would help the firm understand what effects the plan might have on its revenues and on its clients' consumption behaviours.

Spreadsheet Supplement for Case W28526

This case set is part of the Giving Voice to Values (GVV) curriculum. To see other material in the GVV curriculum, please visit http://store.darden.virginia.edu/giving-voice-to-values. Simon is a data scientist in the advanced analytics team of a large German corporation. In its hiring process, the company uses artificial intelligence (AI) that analyzes video interviews to create personality profiles of applicants. It is Simon's job to further develop the AI software according to the needs of the HR department. In this A case, Simon is asked by his HR counterpart, Luke, to program the AI to display not only an applicant's personality profile but also the likelihood that they will soon become pregnant. Luke justifies the request by saying that it is important that applicants be physically fit and resilient, as they must be able to operate large machines, and he does not want to put pregnant workers at risk. Although Simon has the data points and capabilities to program the software as desired, he feels uncomfortable and wants to find a way to effectively enact his values. This case is intended for use at the graduate/MBA level in courses on information technology management, technology development, data ethics, organizational behavior, and leadership and ethics; it would also be suitable for advanced undergraduates in these fields.

This case set is part of the Giving Voice to Values (GVV) curriculum. To see other material in the GVV curriculum, please visit http://store.darden.virginia.edu/giving-voice-to-values. Simon is a data scientist in the advanced analytics team of a large German corporation. In its hiring process, the company uses artificial intelligence (AI) that analyzes video interviews to create personality profiles of applicants. It is Simon's job to further develop the AI software according to the needs of the HR department. In the A case, Simon is asked by his HR counterpart, Luke, to program the AI to display not only an applicant's personality profile, but also the likelihood that they will soon become pregnant. Luke justifies the request by saying that it is important that applicants be physically fit and resilient, as they must be able to operate large machines, and he does not want to put pregnant workers at risk. Although Simon has the data points and capabilities to program the software as desired, he feels uncomfortable and wants to find a way to effectively enact his values. In this B case, Simon shares his concerns with Luke. This case is intended for use at the graduate/MBA level in courses on information technology management, technology development, data ethics, organizational behavior, and leadership and ethics; it would also be suitable for advanced undergraduates in these fields.

Tesla was founded in 2003 on the mission to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable transport through the production and sale of electric vehicles. The scope of this mission required staged business model development, beginning with low-volume production of a high-priced electric sports car and moving down-market gradually to produce higher volumes of more affordable electric vehicles. Tesla adapted its operating model at each stage and pursued innovations to unlock product performance and increased scale. With expansions into solar power, energy storage, and autonomous fleets, what business model change should Tesla pursue next?

Lenovo Group Limited had its origins at Legend in mainland China, starting as a personal computer (PC) importer in 1984. After becoming China's largest PC manufacturer, it purchased IBM's PC business in 2005. It successfully evolved into a multinational corporation and a global leader in the PC market. In 2021, it held about 24% of the global PC market share. Despite its success in the PC market, in late 2019, Lenovo prepared for a reshape of its digital and IT service-led transformation. The company began prioritizing growth in IT solutions and services for their higher profit margins, and thus began the move forward into a global digital transformation. In April 2021, a new business segment, Solutions and Services Group (SSG) was strategically formed after a series of reorganization to include all of Lenovo's businesses that were not directly related to selling hardware directly to customers, and its data center services. One of SSG's services called Managed Services aimed at combining Lenovo's hardware, with software and IT services for clients, generating revenue from clients on a subscription basis. Ken Wong was appointed as President of Lenovo SSG to spearhead this transformation and oversee large growth targets. In mid-2021, Lenovo Chairman and CEO, Yang Yuanqing (YY), set a target for Ken to lead SSG to spearhead the company's growth and double the company's net profit margin in three years' time. In 2021, approximately 90% of Lenovo's revenue was generated from smart devices and hardware. The competition among IT solutions and services providers was intense with incumbents such as Microsoft, IBM Cloud solutions and Accenture dominating the market. How could Ken and his team transform the largest PC and laptop maker in the world to the next generation of IT solutions provider, and maintain a strong profit growth for the company at the same time as meeting the targets set for him by YY, his direct boss?

A San Francisco startup seeks to disrupt the freelancing industry through its user-owned talent network powered by the cryptocurrency, BTRST.

This case continues the themes discussed in "Pricing at Netflix" (Case 521-004). Following the conclusion of the original case, Netflix developed new, high-profile original content, added millions of subscribers, and introduced another price increase in January 2022. Yet Netflix struggled to grow as streaming rivals such as Disney+, Hulu, and HBO Max captured market share and the global pandemic was winding down. The case describes actions that Netflix considered to remain competitive, such as developing video games, charging users for sharing passwords, and, particularly, rolling out an ad-supported tier at a cheaper price than the other plans it currently offered. The case describes other streaming platforms' ad-supported tiers and asks readers to consider whether and how Netflix should design its own ad-supported plan; as well as whether raising subscription prices yet again on its existing plans was advisable.

Roy He, founder and majority shareholder of his family construction material production company, was preparing to pass down the family business through its first generational handover to his children. His decision would establish his familial legacy and set a precedent for both future generational takeovers and the future of family unity and identity. To assist, He had brought in Hefeng Family Office to develop his succession plan by establishing a family ownership structure, governance system, family trust, and family agreement. However, he remained dubious: was now the time for him to step back and pass on his legacy to the next generation? He remained reluctant to give up control of the company, and the succession process would require passing on the majority of his shares to his successor. How should he establish a family governance structure that would protect the next generation's interest and benefits while also allowing flexibility for future generations' decisions? The structures were now in place, but was the family truly ready for him to pass the baton?

The summer of 2022 marked a crucial period for Heritage Holding co-founders, Alex de Pfyffer and Ross Porter. The pair successfully acquired a large telecom business in 2016 through the search fund model, and several follow-on acquisitions between 2016 and 2022. In 2018, Heritage holding officially adopted the independent sponsor model, and adhered to the framework until the summer of 2022. The case explores a moment when Alex and Ross face a decision: advance Heritage Holding further as an independent sponsor, or convert the company to a private equity model.

"The fast-growing educational technology start-up Resilia had successfully initiated its operations in Brazil. It trained full stack developers and connected them with entry-level jobs at unicorn start-up companies such as iFood, Stone, and Nubank, as well as traditional established companies going through a digital transformation process, such as Globo, one of Brazil's largest media conglomerates. After two years of growth between 2019 and 2021, and with evidence for the potential of his start-up idea, the cofounder of Resilia, Bruno Cani, found himself in a challenging position after attracting the investment of XP Investimentos, one of Brazil's largest financial technology firms. As of 2022, Resilia's dilemma was to find a way to scale up the start-up without losing sight of its original purpose, but at the same time to show the potential value of monetizing this initiative in a near future, so that the business could operate without the need for investors' money. Resilia had developed three key major capabilities: (1) acquiring customers (i.e., students) from among the low-income population and selecting the applicants with the most potential, (2) training them and funding their training through a system in which they would pay back the investment based on a percentage of their income once they had completed the program and found work, and (3) connecting with partnering companies to facilitate their employment and career advancement. This case is appropriate for use in an MBA, executive education, or undergraduate course on social entrepreneurship, innovation, marketing, or corporate social responsibility."

Firms in mature industries often find themselves at a strategic crossroads, forced to choose between consolidating their position in existing market segments or breaking into new markets. At SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (hereinafter "Wuling"), the scales tipped in favor of the latter option: the company challenged the status quo by developing the Hongguang MINIEV (hereinafter "MINIEV"), a model featuring a minimalist design and no redundant features. The company also encouraged customization to adapt to shifting user preferences, turning the MINIEV into a fashion statement. By doing so, Wuling could avoid fighting for existing market share and break into the mass market for customized cars. In April 2021, nine months after its launch, the MINIEV was China's best-selling electric vehicle (EV) for the eighth consecutive month. It also topped the global EV sales rankings in January and April 2021. Despite its success, the MINIEV did not bring a sense of safety for Wuling's general manager Shen Yang and deputy general manager Xue Haitao. Instead, the two worried about how long the sales momentum would last, what sort of product strategy Wuling should adopt in the future, and which path to take-specifically, to tap into the higher-end segment with upgraded products or to consolidate its position in the value-for-money segment.

Axis Bank was the fifth-largest bank in India, one of the world's fastest-growing economies. In 2006, the bank set up a trust, Axis Bank Foundation, to manage its corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. In Phase 1 of its CSR journey, it had followed three of the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations and achieved the mission of "generating one million livelihoods in a sustainable manner," ahead of schedule. Encouraged by the success of Phase 1, Axis Bank planned to include three additional Sustainable Development Goals to guide Phase 2 with the mission of "generating livelihoods in a sustainable manner for two million households." Rajesh Dahiya, who oversaw Axis Bank's CSR initiatives, was faced with several key decisions for framing the CSR strategy for Phase 2 based on an evaluation of the performance in Phase 1 and the lessons learned in that phase.