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Throughout history, the advantages and costs of technological innovations have been unevenly distributed between the powerful and the rest of society, assert economists Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson in their new book, Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity. In a Q&A, they discuss what's wrong with today's approach to automation, why machine usefulness is more important than machine intelligence, and what techno-optimists and -pessimists both get wrong.

Corporate foundations represent a distinctive avenue for companies to channel their resources into social initiatives, often straying from their core operational domains. This case study delves into the intricate management of the Promigas corporate foundation, specifically in the realm of education, where a deliberate misalignment with the company's primary energy markets operations is observed. The study sheds light on the unique attributes of this corporate foundation, placing it within the broader landscape of similar entities. Central to the narrative is Ana Vera, a seasoned executive tasked with the stewardship, administration, and strategic orientation of the foundation. Promigas, renowned for its presence in Colombia and Latin America's energy markets, embarked on a philanthropic journey through the establishment of the Promigas Foundation. Over time, this foundation has refined its approach to education, emphasizing a Knowledge Management model underpinned by two pivotal components: reflective practice and robust networking with stakeholders from social, governmental, and corporate spheres. This multifaceted framework has enabled the foundation to craft a distinctive trajectory within the education landscape, illuminating its commitment to driving sustainable social change. Ana Vera's entry into the foundation's leadership marks a pivotal juncture in its evolution. Entrusted with steering the foundation's course, Ana Vera's strategic acumen and leadership become crucial assets. As she grapples with the foundation's unique positioning-distinct from Promigas' core pursuits-Ana Vera is tasked with harnessing the power of misalignment. This challenge of aligning a non-aligned initiative underscores the nuanced interplay between corporate social responsibility, brand identity, and societal impact.

This case tells the story of SMU Group, the third-largest supermarket operator in Chile. Having implemented a second restructuring plan (CIMA) between 2017 and 2019, the company was facing the challenge of having to implement a new corporate restructuring plan from 2020. SMU was created through successive acquisitions made between 2007 and 2013. This inorganic growth had led to a financial crisis, and the CIMA restructuring plan was implemented between 2014 and 2016, with the objective of improving operational efficiency, increasing revenues and reducing debt. Although SMU did achieve operational and commercial improvements, its debt burden remained high and the board of directors decided to continue the restructuring between 2017 and 2019. In an interview on November 24th 2019, Pilar Dañobeitía, president of the board and the decision maker in this case, highlighted that plan CIMA had positioned SMU as a solid company organizationally, financially, operationally and commercially. However, the credit ratings agencies International Credit Rating (ICR) and Humphreys had concerns about whether the operational and financial improvements at SMU represented a structural improvement. The following day, Pilar was due to announce the new corporate restructuring plan 2020-2022 to shareholders, but she wondered whether the new plan should include a direct response to the criticisms made by the ratings agencies, or just state that the current plan was addressing their concerns. In other words, Pilar asked herself whether the new CIMA plan should incorporate the criticisms made by the ratings agencies, or limit itself to continuing the current plan.

The case presents the strategic dilemma faced by the company's leaders, especially Jorgen Vig Knudstorp, Executive Chairman of the LEGO Brand Group. In 2021, Niels Christiansen (CEO of the LEGO Group) was celebrating the financial results that the LEGO Group had obtained the previous year, a period in which they achieved the highest sales peak in the company's history, despite the complexity brought on by the Covid-19 pandemic. The LEGO Group was the largest of the four units grouped under the LEGO Brand Group umbrella. It generated 70 % of the revenue of the LEGO® brand business, and was the main source of income for Kirkbi, the holding company of the Kristiansen family. Nearly ninety years after its founding, the LEGO Group still relied on the world-famous LEGO® brick and the philosophy of learning through play. Over the past two years, the LEGO Group had stepped up investments to drive expansion into other regions and had bet on innovations in the brick-based play and retail ecosystem. However, there were still many missing pieces in the strategic consciousness. The LEGO Group had not been able to carve out a niche in the video game market and had not yet developed a new growth engine that would diversify the traditional brick brand. Jorgen Vig Knudstorp, now at the head of the governing body managing the LEGO® businesses, had to come up with a vision that would lay the foundation for the future of the brand's business. The case creates discussion spaces for students to deliberate on the strategic decisions to be made and how to carry them out. The story starts from the LEGO Group's beginnings, in 1932, and describes the most notable strategic moves through 2020; from the "pieces", or founding moments, through the "pieces" of diversification, repair, transformation, entrepreneurship and expansion. Thus, it describes the strategies that each CEO devised to overcome the company's circumstances.

This case is a roleplay simulation of the negotiations between the Colombian government of President Juan Manuel Santos and FARC-EP, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People's Army (henceforth FARC), leading up to and after the peace agreement of 2016. The peace agreement put an end to an armed conflict that lasted for more than 50 years and cost more than 200,000 lives. The negotiations cover six Negotiation Topics: i. laying down arms & safety guarantees; ii. social integration of FARC; iii. justice & trial of war crimes; iv. political participation of FARC; v. rural reform; and vi. drug production. Students assume the roles of six participants in the negotiation, forming two delegations. One represents the Colombian Government and the other represents FARC.

This case is a roleplay simulation of the negotiations between the Colombian government of President Juan Manuel Santos and FARC-EP, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People's Army (henceforth FARC), leading up to and after the peace agreement of 2016. The peace agreement put an end to an armed conflict that lasted for more than 50 years and cost more than 200,000 lives. The negotiations cover six Negotiation Topics: i. laying down arms & safety guarantees; ii. social integration of FARC; iii. justice & trial of war crimes; iv. political participation of FARC; v. rural reform; and vi. drug production. Students assume the roles of six participants in the negotiation, forming two delegations. One represents the Colombian Government and the other represents FARC.

This case is a roleplay simulation of the negotiations between the Colombian government of President Juan Manuel Santos and FARC-EP, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People's Army (henceforth FARC), leading up to and after the peace agreement of 2016. The peace agreement put an end to an armed conflict that lasted for more than 50 years and cost more than 200,000 lives. The negotiations cover six Negotiation Topics: i. laying down arms & safety guarantees; ii. social integration of FARC; iii. justice & trial of war crimes; iv. political participation of FARC; v. rural reform; and vi. drug production. Students assume the roles of six participants in the negotiation, forming two delegations. One represents the Colombian Government and the other represents FARC.

This case is a roleplay simulation of the negotiations between the Colombian government of President Juan Manuel Santos and FARC-EP, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People's Army (henceforth FARC), leading up to and after the peace agreement of 2016. The peace agreement put an end to an armed conflict that lasted for more than 50 years and cost more than 200,000 lives. The negotiations cover six Negotiation Topics: i. laying down arms & safety guarantees; ii. social integration of FARC; iii. justice & trial of war crimes; iv. political participation of FARC; v. rural reform; and vi. drug production. Students assume the roles of six participants in the negotiation, forming two delegations. One represents the Colombian Government and the other represents FARC.

This case is a roleplay simulation of the negotiations between the Colombian government of President Juan Manuel Santos and FARC-EP, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People's Army (henceforth FARC), leading up to and after the peace agreement of 2016. The peace agreement put an end to an armed conflict that lasted for more than 50 years and cost more than 200,000 lives. The negotiations cover six Negotiation Topics: i. laying down arms & safety guarantees; ii. social integration of FARC; iii. justice & trial of war crimes; iv. political participation of FARC; v. rural reform; and vi. drug production. Students assume the roles of six participants in the negotiation, forming two delegations. One represents the Colombian Government and the other represents FARC.

This case is a roleplay simulation of the negotiations between the Colombian government of President Juan Manuel Santos and FARC-EP, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People's Army (henceforth FARC), leading up to and after the peace agreement of 2016. The peace agreement put an end to an armed conflict that lasted for more than 50 years and cost more than 200,000 lives. The negotiations cover six Negotiation Topics: i. laying down arms & safety guarantees; ii. social integration of FARC; iii. justice & trial of war crimes; iv. political participation of FARC; v. rural reform; and vi. drug production. Students assume the roles of six participants in the negotiation, forming two delegations. One represents the Colombian Government and the other represents FARC.

This case is based on real negotiation dilemmas posed by a crisis generated when a peace agreement signed between the Colombian government and the guerrilla group FARC-EP was outvoted in a national plebiscite, causing the necessity of the renegotiation of the peace accord in order to gain public legitimacy. Both parties need to revise the agreement and adjust it in a short period of time in which the ceasefire is in place. Negotiators are pressured to maintain the spirit of the original accord, avoid conflict relapse, while making adjustments to respond to the population's concerns and attain legitimate approval of Parliament.

This case is based on real negotiation dilemmas posed by a crisis generated when a peace agreement signed between the Colombian government and the guerrilla group FARC-EP was outvoted in a national plebiscite, causing the necessity of the renegotiation of the peace accord in order to gain public legitimacy. Both parties need to revise the agreement and adjust it in a short period of time in which the ceasefire is in place. Negotiators are pressured to maintain the spirit of the original accord, avoid conflict relapse, while making adjustments to respond to the population's concerns and attain legitimate approval of Parliament.

Constellation Pharmaceuticals was a company focused on epigenetic therapies for cancer patients. Despite a promising start and an early deal with a leading biopharma company, the company weathered twin setbacks in the end of a major research collaboration and the decision by the same company to let an option to acquire the company lapse. In a difficult capital market, the company had begun a reboot, but needed to figure out how to weave together key corporate development threads. New CEO and returning Constellation team member Jigar Raythatha wondered if Constellation could capitalize on the current portfolio and make the run to be a fully-integrated biopharmaceutical company selling its own products in the United States. He realized it would take a combination of clear goal setting, capital markets, and potentially partnering to balance this goal and returns for longtime shareholders. His background and training provide a playbook that might not apply-Constellation might not be able to secure another big pharma partnership and might instead need to put together a series of deals to secure needed capital and capabilities without trading away too much of the company's future.

After taking over from their parents, Sebastian Maxwell and Alexandra Ito, CEO and COO of Minnesota-based outdoor adventure brand Tenkara, must decide how they want to resource and grow this formerly family-run business. After outdoor activities exploded during the COVID pandemic, Tenkara boasted a growth curve that could put them on a VC-backed path. But is that the right choice for these founders and this business? And if so, which of two Series A term sheets should they accept?

Spreadsheet supplement for case 824003.

As co-founder and CEO of Simprints-a social enterprise with the mission to "transform the way the world fights poverty"-Toby Norman was at a crossroads. His organization had developed ground-breaking technology used to verify aid delivery, reached more than 2.5 million people in 17 different countries, and received widespread accolades in the global health community. Having initially exclusively focused on partnerships with like-minded NGOs, Simprints attracted highly passionate employees willing to make sacrifices in service of the organization's mission. To scale its impact, Norman had recently decided that Simprints begin working with governments, a move many employees disagreed with, leading nearly half of the organization's workforce to quit. Despite initial success with its new strategic path, Norman wondered how central passion should be to the future direction of the organization. Should Simprints cast passion aside entirely and focus on bringing its technology to as many people as possible, including in areas beyond international development? Should Norman find a way to re-center passion, perhaps by making its technology open-source in an effort to sidestep discussions of who Simprints should be used by? How else could Simprints keep its employees motivated to fulfill its mission?

The case introduces a due diligence approach that prompts students to identify red flags and suspicious transactions through a fictitious case based on real-life examples. Students take on the role of an investment team manager of a hedge fund in Hong Kong focusing on investing in both private and publicly traded companies with significant growth potential. When the COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected industries across most sectors, most industries went through a major reshuffling leaving surviving industry performers that would have a great potential to become leaders over time. As such, the Company had been actively seeking new potential investments and meeting with their management since the end of 2022, and identified a potential company (Genuine) in the emission testing equipment industry. Through this case, students gain foundational knowledge of due diligence and learn to identify red flags for suspicious transactions or situations. They apply their learning by creating a due diligence plan and evaluating the available information on Genuine and its market. This analysis allows students to further advance their understanding and ultimately come to an investment decision. As an intermediate- to advanced-level case, students are required to actively compare data from different sources and perform relevant calculations. This will enable them to process and derive further information essential for making informed investment decisions.

In 2022, Abdulaziz B. Al Loughani, CEO and co-founder of Floward, an online flower and gifting company established in Kuwait in 2017, contemplated the firm's growth trajectory. Floward, an e-commerce enterprise that offered fresh-cut flowers sourced directly from global growers and had control over the entire delivery chain, had expanded its footprint to 32 cities across nine MENA countries and had ventured into the UK. Witnessing a remarkable CAGR of over 160% between 2020 and 2022, Floward was valued at $152.5 million during its Series B investment round in 2021. Having served over 400,000 customers and recently diversifying into the broader gifting sector, Al Loughani faced pivotal decisions: Should Floward pursue further global expansion or solidify its gifting vertical in the Gulf? And, considering its aggressive growth aspirations, should the company opt for an IPO, and if so, which stock exchange should they target?

This technical note surveys the concepts of free and open source software and hardware. It introduces the concepts in general, providing a brief history of their development and numerous examples of how companies employ them in practice. Further, it identifies various business models whereby companies can benefit from using and contributing to free and open source software and hardware. Importantly, these concepts often go counter to traditional business strategy teaching related to owning resources that are rare and inimitable. On its face, using free and open source software or hardware should not provide any competitive advantage because competitors can use the same products for free. Further, contributing to the creation of these products or open sourcing previously proprietary software or hardware, especially that protected by patents or other intellectual property protections, seems to be counter to these traditional strategy theories. However, in a growing number of contexts, it may make strategic sense for a company to use and/or contribute to open source software or hardware.

Managers, policymakers, and leaders are often presented with data and evaluation techniques, then tasked with deciding whether to go ahead with the strategy or policy. This fictional case aims to build a basic framework to understand how one can determine whether a particular business strategy or economic policy "works." It offers an overview of commonly used evaluation strategies and their associated pitfalls, through the lens of Ramesh Sharma, the CEO of a large nongovernmental organization, who has to decide how to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program to female entrepreneurs. The case is used at Darden in a second-year elective on "India in the Global Economy." It is taught in the second week of the course with the aim of introducing students to basic methods for rigorously evaluating their business and policy decisions. While directly pertinent to the course on India, this case builds a general framework on evaluation techniques that can be easily extended to other contexts and decisions. Therefore, it can also be taught in courses in marketing, business strategy, management, operations, policy evaluation, and ethics.