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Akanksha Tiwari served as the chief executive officer of the Varanasi Cantonment Board and faced the challenge of preparing for the upcoming Group of 20 (G20) meetings in Varanasi, India. Recognizing the need to enhance the cantonment’s appeal, Tiwari and her team had initiated several cleanliness and beautification efforts through the Swachh Chhawani, Swasth Chhawani program, which aligned with the Government of India’s Swachh Bharat Mission. These initiatives aimed to improve public health and overall living conditions for residents.<br><br>While the efforts had successfully transformed the cantonment, concerns arose regarding the long-term sustainability of these changes, particularly in engaging both military and civilian populations in maintaining cleanliness. Tiwari explored various options to ensure ongoing upkeep, including community engagement plans, incentive programs, and potential collaborations with military administration. As the G20 meetings approached, the urgency to secure lasting improvements intensified, prompting Tiwari to consider the most effective strategies for sustaining the cantonment’s transformation.

In 2015, the chief executive officer of Natco Pharma Limited, a commercial manufacturer of pharmaceutical drugs in India, needed to raise funds either through debt or equity to meet the company's capital expenditure and working capital requirements of ₹3.41 billion. The company could finance a loan at an interest rate of 12 per cent or raise funds through public deposits at an interest rate of 13 per cent. The company could also use equity to raise the requisite funds through either a rights offering or a seasoned equity offering. The chief executive officer needed to present his recommendation to the board of directors the following week. Which option should the company adopt?

In 2015, the chief executive officer of Natco Pharma Limited, a commercial manufacturer of pharmaceutical drugs in India, needed to raise funds either through debt or equity to meet the company's capital expenditure and working capital requirements of ₹3.41 billion. The company could finance a loan at an interest rate of 12 per cent or raise funds through public deposits at an interest rate of 13 per cent. The company could also use equity to raise the requisite funds through either a rights offering or a seasoned equity offering. The chief executive officer needed to present his recommendation to the board of directors the following week. Which option should the company adopt?

On June 30, 2009, Nava Bharat Energy India Limited (NBEIL) proposed the setup of two coal-fired power projects: one in Paloncha, Khammam District, and another in Dharmavaram, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The sites of these projects were located adjacent to the existing power plants of Nava Bharat Ventures Limited, parent company of NBEIL, a renowned industrial group based in South India.<br><br>NBEIL approached the president of a bank to arrange a term loan of ?9.70 billion through project financing under a syndication strategy. The banker would have to evaluate whether project financing would be a suitable lending instrument for these projects, and if so, what would be the potential implications to both the lenders and project owners? Would it be wise to proceed to syndicate the term loan for the coal-fired power plants?

On June 30, 2009, Nava Bharat Energy India Limited (NBEIL) proposed the setup of two coal-fired power projects: one in Paloncha, Khammam District, and another in Dharmavaram, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The sites of these projects were located adjacent to the existing power plants of Nava Bharat Ventures Limited, parent company of NBEIL, a renowned industrial group based in South India. NBEIL approached the president of a bank to arrange a term loan of ₹9.70 billion through project financing under a syndication strategy. The banker would have to evaluate whether project financing would be a suitable lending instrument for these projects, and if so, what would be the potential implications to both the lenders and project owners? Would it be wise to proceed to syndicate the term loan for the coal-fired power plants?

Instructor spreadsheet for product 8B17N017.

The managing director of Sathavahana Ispat Limited (SIL) was relieved when his company’s expanded manufacturing facilities commenced operations on April 1, 2015, after a delay of more than a year. Though he had a reason to rejoice, the managing director also had concerns about SIL's rising borrowing costs and dwindling liquidity. Accordingly, he approached the Indian Women's Bank to replace the company's high-cost debt to the extent of ?3 billion and to raise a corporate loan of ?1 billion. Would the proposal be sanctioned? Or would it be rejected due to SIL's weak financials, subdued market conditions and the ongoing global economic slowdown?

In February 2015, Premier Explosives Limited (PEL) was preparing for a sudden expansion. The Indian company was the sixth-largest manufacturer of explosives in the country and also made defence products such as solid propellants and pyrogen igniters. PEL had many prominent customers in the mining industry and defence business, and exported bulk explosives to a number of countries. PEL signed a joint venture agreement with the well-regarded Kalyani Group, to manufacture additional defence products. To fund the expansion, PEL approached the Commercial Bank of India for a preferential allotment of equity shares to mobilize ?510 million and an enhancement of working capital limits from ?460 million to ?740 million. The Central Bank of India's president of the investment banking group perused the proposal, but was presented with a dilemma due to the recent slowdown in the mining and infrastructure sectors - the main industries that used PEL's products. Given the decline and the associated risks, should the banker reject the funding proposal for PEL to expand?

In April 2015, Coromandel International Limited (CIL), a manufacturer of fertilizers based in Chennai, India, requested that the National Bank of India increase CIL’s existing short-term finance arrangement. CIL operated 14 state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities across India with a combined installed capacity of four million tonnes per annum and over 2,000 employees. It sold its products through a countrywide dealer network as well as in its own 800 retail chain stores, with plans for aggressive expansion both at home and to various countries in Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa. However, CIL was dependent on government subsidies and, because many of its raw materials had to be imported, was also dependent on a positive foreign exchange rate. Over the previous three years, CIL had acquired four fertilizer companies as part of its growth strategy in inorganics. With extended short-term financing, CIL could integrate these companies and take advantage of the resulting synergy. The country head of the Wholesale Banking Group was concerned that CIL’s request would exceed the bank’s exposure norms on the fertilizer industry as well as the bank’s prudential exposure limits on a single borrower. Should the bank accept CIL’s request for enhanced short-term borrowing?

Instructor spreadsheet for product 8B16N006.

Student spreadsheet for product 9B16N006.

In April 2015, Coromandel International Limited (CIL), a manufacturer of fertilizers based in Chennai, India, requested that the National Bank of India increase CIL's existing short-term finance arrangement. CIL operated 14 state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities across India with a combined installed capacity of four million tonnes per annum and over 2,000 employees. It sold its products through a countrywide dealer network as well as in its own 800 retail chain stores, with plans for aggressive expansion both at home and to various countries in Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa. However, CIL was dependent on government subsidies and, because many of its raw materials had to be imported, was also dependent on a positive foreign exchange rate. Over the previous three years, CIL had acquired four fertilizer companies as part of its growth strategy in inorganics. With extended short-term financing, CIL could integrate these companies and take advantage of the resulting synergy. The country head of the Wholesale Banking Group was concerned that CIL's request would exceed the bank's exposure norms on the fertilizer industry as well as the bank's prudential exposure limits on a single borrower. Should the bank accept CIL's request for enhanced short-term borrowing?

In February 2015, Premier Explosives Limited (PEL) was preparing for a sudden expansion. The Indian company was the sixth-largest manufacturer of explosives in the country and also made defence products such as solid propellants and pyrogen igniters. PEL had many prominent customers in the mining industry and defence business, and exported bulk explosives to a number of countries. PEL signed a joint venture agreement with the well-regarded Kalyani Group, to manufacture additional defence products. To fund the expansion, PEL approached the Commercial Bank of India for a preferential allotment of equity shares to mobilize ₹510 million and an enhancement of working capital limits from ₹460 million to ₹740 million. The Central Bank of India's president of the investment banking group perused the proposal, but was presented with a dilemma due to the recent slowdown in the mining and infrastructure sectors -- the main industries that used PEL's products. Given the decline and the associated risks, should the banker reject the funding proposal for PEL to expand?

Student spreadsheet for case W16066.

The managing director of Sathavahana Ispat Limited (SIL) was relieved when his company's expanded manufacturing facilities commenced operations on April 1, 2015, after a delay of more than a year. Though he had a reason to rejoice, the managing director also had concerns about SIL's rising borrowing costs and dwindling liquidity. Accordingly, he approached the Indian Women's Bank to replace the company's high-cost debt to the extent of ₹3 billion and to raise a corporate loan of ₹1 billion. Would the proposal be sanctioned? Or would it be rejected due to SIL's weak financials, subdued market conditions and the ongoing global economic slowdown?

Covalent Laboratories Private Ltd. is involved in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients and bulk drugs in Hyderabad, India. In March 2012, the company added a new manufacturing plant and was in the process of obtaining regulatory approvals for its products from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Directorate of Quality of Medicines. Anticipating good growth, the company approached the Commercial Development Bank of India in June 2014 for sanction of a term loan of INR350 million over seven years towards expansion and modernization of its existing manufacturing facilities, including the construction of a captive power plant and effluent treatment plant. As the proposed financial assistance is long term in nature and the company is a new client with average financial strength, the head of the bank’s Corporate Banking Department faces a dilemma. He has asked a credit analyst to research the financial performance of the company and to assess the financial viability of and identify the risks in the proposal.

Covalent Laboratories Private Ltd. is involved in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients and bulk drugs in Hyderabad, India. In March 2012, the company added a new manufacturing plant and was in the process of obtaining regulatory approvals for its products from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Directorate of Quality of Medicines. Anticipating good growth, the company approached the Commercial Development Bank of India in June 2014 for sanction of a term loan of INR350 million over seven years towards expansion and modernization of its existing manufacturing facilities, including the construction of a captive power plant and effluent treatment plant. As the proposed financial assistance is long term in nature and the company is a new client with average financial strength, the head of the bank's Corporate Banking Department faces a dilemma. He has asked a credit analyst to research the financial performance of the company and to assess the financial viability of and identify the risks in the proposal.