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The director of Planning and Development Services for the City of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, is evaluating various models of regional economic development. He needs to recommend to the Economic Development Committee whether an in-house, arm’s-length or blended model would be best for the City of Prince Albert and its surrounding region. He also needs to provide direction on the strategic planning process that should follow the formation of a new regional body. Although the director is optimistic about the possibilities, he knows that some stakeholders perceive the City of Prince Albert as fostering an attitude counter to inclusiveness. Gaining buy-in from these stakeholders is critical to success, regardless of the model he proposes.

In 2014, Tim Hortons Inc., a powerhouse in the Canadian quick service restaurant industry for 50 years, has a number of strategic choices to make if it is going to address increasing competition and shifting consumer trends. To have an international presence, it needs the financial resources, organizational capabilities, store saturation, product innovation and brand recognition to compete with Starbucks, McDonald's and Dunkin' Donuts, the world's largest and best known providers of fast food such as coffee, donuts and sandwiches. However, while the brand is almost synonymous with Canada, it is far less known beyond that country's borders. In mid-August, the company announced its potential acquisition by 3G Capital, the Brazilian parent of Burger King, but this still has to be approved by its shareholders and likely by Canadian and U.S. regulators. The potential merger might help the company move forward, but will it be enough to create a competitive advantage on a global scale?

In 2014, Tim Hortons Inc., a powerhouse in the Canadian quick service restaurant industry for 50 years, has a number of strategic choices to make if it is going to address increasing competition and shifting consumer trends. To have an international presence, it needs the financial resources, organizational capabilities, store saturation, product innovation and brand recognition to compete with Starbucks, McDonald’s and Dunkin’ Donuts, the world’s largest and best known providers of fast food such as coffee, donuts and sandwiches. However, while the brand is almost synonymous with Canada, it is far less known beyond that country’s borders. In mid-August, the company announced its potential acquisition by 3G Capital, the Brazilian parent of Burger King, but this still has to be approved by its shareholders and likely by Canadian and U.S. regulators. The potential merger might help the company move forward, but will it be enough to create a competitive advantage on a global scale?

In March, 2014, the founder and chairman of the board of Yama Ribbons & Bows Co., Ltd., the world's largest polyester ribbon manufacturer based in Xiamen, China, was reflecting on the awards, accolades, victories and revenue growth that he had achieved over the past 16 years. In spite of the problems that beset the Chinese ribbons industry — intense competition, rising labour and production costs and strict international regulation of imports — the company had not only launched a successful subsidiary in the United States and was poised to open a second in Hong Kong but planned to outsource some of its manufacturing operations to a new plant in India. It had won a major trademark dispute and successfully survived an investigation by the U.S. Department of Commerce joint investigation into anti-dumping and anti-subsidy practices. By concentrating on superior customer service through its make-to-stock strategy and in-house research and development, the company was able to control inventory while achieving an excellent product deliverable on time anywhere in the world. As he reflected on his growth goals for the company, the founder wondered what, if anything, he was missing. How could he best grow the company over the next decade?

In March, 2014, the founder and chairman of the board of Yama Ribbons & Bows Co., Ltd., the world's largest polyester ribbon manufacturer based in Xiamen, China, was reflecting on the awards, accolades, victories and revenue growth that he had achieved over the past 16 years. In spite of the problems that beset the Chinese ribbons industry - intense competition, rising labour and production costs and strict international regulation of imports - the company had not only launched a successful subsidiary in the United States and was poised to open a second in Hong Kong but planned to outsource some of its manufacturing operations to a new plant in India. It had won a major trademark dispute and successfully survived an investigation by the U.S. Department of Commerce joint investigation into anti-dumping and anti-subsidy practices. By concentrating on superior customer service through its make-to-stock strategy and in-house research and development, the company was able to control inventory while achieving an excellent product deliverable on time anywhere in the world. As he reflected on his growth goals for the company, the founder wondered what, if anything, he was missing. How could he best grow the company over the next decade?

In 2013, after years of success, Samsung, a manufacturing conglomerate based in Korea but with offices, research and development divisions and factories worldwide, is established as a global powerhouse in the smartphone industry. But success has revealed opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed as the company navigates the competitive landscape. Samsung has sold more phones than rivals such as Nokia and Apple and is also a major player in the increasingly popular tablet computer market. Given the volatility of the industry and the market, in addition to the dynamic relationships between suppliers, manufacturers, technology providers, application developers and operating systems, Samsung needs to think carefully about its next competitive steps. Specifically, it has to think about one very important issue: should it continue to rely on Google’s Android operating system, or should it seriously consider an in-house software ecosystem?

In 2013, after years of success, Samsung, a manufacturing conglomerate based in Korea but with offices, research and development divisions and factories worldwide, is established as a global powerhouse in the smartphone industry. But success has revealed opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed as the company navigates the competitive landscape. Samsung has sold more phones than rivals such as Nokia and Apple and is also a major player in the increasingly popular tablet computer market. Given the volatility of the industry and the market, in addition to the dynamic relationships between suppliers, manufacturers, technology providers, application developers and operating systems, Samsung needs to think carefully about its next competitive steps. Specifically, it has to think about one very important issue: should it continue to rely on Google's Android operating system, or should it seriously consider an in-house software ecosystem?

In spring 2014, XiamenAir is the most profitable of the five largest airlines in China. With bases in Xiamen, Fuzhou and Hangzhou, its flight network covers major cities in China with international service to Macao, Taiwan, Hong Kong and other Southeast Asian countries. The company prides itself on its differentiation strategy: customer service, building a brand and reputation that its customers trust and providing a service for which its customers are willing to pay a premium price even when there are low cost/low price carriers available. Its management is contemplating buying six new Boeing Dreamliner wide-body aircraft that will allow the company to expand its market to Europe, Australia and western North America. Will this purchase enable Fujian Province to more quickly become established as the regional hub for Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and cross-strait transportation? Will it help speed China’s push to internationalize its passenger airlines? In the face of growing competition from high-speed rail networks and both Chinese and international airlines, the management must decide how best to grow the company and maintain its profits.

In spring 2014, XiamenAir is the most profitable of the five largest airlines in China. With bases in Xiamen, Fuzhou and Hangzhou, its flight network covers major cities in China with international service to Macao, Taiwan, Hong Kong and other Southeast Asian countries. The company prides itself on its differentiation strategy: customer service, building a brand and reputation that its customers trust and providing a service for which its customers are willing to pay a premium price even when there are low cost/low price carriers available. Its management is contemplating buying six new Boeing Dreamliner wide-body aircraft that will allow the company to expand its market to Europe, Australia and western North America. Will this purchase enable Fujian Province to more quickly become established as the regional hub for Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and cross-strait transportation? Will it help speed China's push to internationalize its passenger airlines? In the face of growing competition from high-speed rail networks and both Chinese and international airlines, the management must decide how best to grow the company and maintain its profits.

The interim president and chief executive officer (CEO) of Ontario’s air ambulance service is reflecting on the first challenging months of his tenure. Previously a deputy minister in the provincial government, he now has to deal with ongoing issues of accountability within the organization and the safety of its fleet of helicopters. In the middle of a media storm of accusations of mismanagement, questionable business and spending practices that had wasted millions of dollars of public funding, problematic hiring of unqualified staff and extravagant salaries, along with possible personal improprieties of the previous CEO, he is wondering what new allegations might surface and how he might not only remedy the internal management problems but regain the public’s trust in the organization.

The new executive director is reflecting on her first two months at Carmichael Outreach, a non-profit organization that helps homeless people and others in need in Regina, Saskatchewan. She has already identified several risks to staff and client safety but must also address longer-term issues. Many believe the organization should do more to address the city’s chronic shortage of safe and affordable housing. Although clients, volunteers, staff and the board of directors expect her to develop and express her longer-term vision for Carmichael Outreach, she also needs to manage the day-to-day operations, which include ensuring the safety of clients and staff.

The founder and CEO of a management company needs to address the future of its joint venture in Iran with a U.S. developer of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The joint venture partners need to decide whether to pursue a potential client's request for a custom version of the ERP system that the joint venture sells. The two partners disagree regarding the strategic direction forward, but must make a decision.

In most free-market economies, restrictions exist to curb the activity of cartels — groups of otherwise independent businesses that collaborate to lessen or prevent competition. Between 1990 and 2008, the total known affected sales of cartel activity topped US$16 trillion. Although government bodies have committed substantial resources to battling illegal corporate activity, it still happens and many corporations reoffend after being sanctioned for crimes. The authors have conducted research using a database of all known international cartels between 1970 and 2008. They suggest four courses of action to curb cartel activity: 1) Remunerative practices should be designed with a better understanding of the environmental drivers of illegal activity. Compensation should focus on solid strategic behaviours rather than rewarding short-term performance. 2) More independent boards are associated, somewhat counter-intuitively, with more illegal activity. Thus, the call for more independent boards needs to take into account the tendency of independent boards to structure CEO compensation to be more output-based, which often leads CEOs to focus only on short-term financial metrics. 3) Regulators should introduce harsher financial penalties in order to incent “means-based” organizational behaviour and punish “ends-based” activity. 4) Organizations should be made to have a legal requirement to protect society.

The founder and CEO of a management company needs to address the future of its joint venture in Iran with a U.S. developer of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The joint venture partners need to decide whether to pursue a potential client’s request for a custom version of the ERP system that the joint venture sells. The two partners disagree regarding the strategic direction forward, but must make a decision.

In November 2011, the State Fair of Virginia, Inc. (SFVA), which had been operating since 1854, was facing a dire financial situation. SFVA was a privately held, not-for-profit organization that operated the state fair independent of the state government, and received no operating support from state or local governments. In 2003, the organization had borrowed $83 million against a $47 million investment portfolio in order to develop its new fairgrounds, which opened in 2009. The new site had been attractive because it included The Meadow Farm, a horse farm famous for being the birthplace of the Secretariat, winner of the 1973 Triple Crown. The unprecedented collapse of the financial markets in the United States in 2008, combined with a poor economy and terrible weather for the fair’s first two years, resulted in a situation where in late 2011 the organization did not bring in enough income and donations to cover the loan payments. Creditors were demanding an immediate solution. The board of directors of SFVA realized that it had no choice but to consider strategic options including applying for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, which would give it time to try to restructure its debt, or shutting down immediately.

In November 2011, the State Fair of Virginia, Inc. (SFVA) was facing a dire financial situation. While SFVA was officially founded in 1906, the fair had been operating since 1854. SFVA was a privately held, not-for-profit organization that operated the state fair independent of the state government, and received no operating support from state or local governments. In 2003, the organization had borrowed $83 million against a $47 million investment portfolio in order to develop its new fairgrounds which opened in 2009. The new site had been attractive because it included The Meadow Farm, a horse farm famous for being the birthplace of the Secretariat, winner of the 1973 Triple Crown. The unprecedented collapse of the financial markets in the United States in 2008 combined with a poor economy and terrible weather for the fair's first two years, resulted in a situation where in late 2011, the organization did not bring in enough in income and donations to cover the loan payments. Creditors were demanding an immediate solution. The board of directors of SFVA realized that they had no choice but to consider strategic options including applying for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, which would give them time to try to restructure their debt, or shutting down immediately.

In 1985, the president and founder of New Deantronics (ND) launched her sales office in San Francisco, California, and then set up a factory in Taiwan in 1987. With no technical background or prior experience, the president used her system of management strategy and philosophy and built ND’s reputation as a trusted manufacturer and developer of medical devices. All of ND’s products were directly exported to large global health-care companies, including Philips Medical Systems, Johnson & Johnson, and Covidien. With the rapid increase in business, the need for expanding production capacity became increasingly urgent. Sitting in her office in early 2009, the president knew that she could no longer postpone her decision to relocate. Several options were presented to her, and the factors that influenced her decision included considerations about the supply of quality human resources, geographical convenience, the willingness of her current employees to relocate, affordability, and the possibility for future expansion. The president pondered what would be the best bet.

This case is a supplement to A Non-Traditional Female Entrepreneur (A).

This case is a supplement to A Non-Traditional Female Entrepreneur (A).

Hiring a “proven winner” in major-league sports is usually seen as the solution for jump-starting a moribund team. But this is not necessarily true, at least in the National Hockey league, where hiring a winning coach or general manager from another team can make a team that is already skating uphill struggle even more. This Ivey professor has lots of compelling data to support this argument. As it turns out, a “proven winner” in one organization develops a skill set that won’t always translate into success in another.