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On April 13, 2011, slightly more than three months before an annual conference of the Academy of International Business (AIB) was to be held in Nagoya, the program chair of the conference had to decide whether to go ahead with the conference as planned after a massive earthquake struck Japan on March 11, triggering a horrendous tsunami and subsequent radiation leak after damaging a nuclear plant. Each challenge posed a threat to the successful operation of the conference, and the interaction among them, combined with the element of time, rendered the program chair's decision-making process increasingly complex.

On April 13, 2011, slightly more than three months before an annual conference of the Academy of International Business (AIB) was to be held in Nagoya, the program chair of the conference had to decide whether to go ahead with the conference as planned after a massive earthquake struck Japan on March 11, triggering a horrendous tsunami and subsequent radiation leak after damaging a nuclear plant. Each challenge posed a threat to the successful operation of the conference, and the interaction among them, combined with the element of time, rendered the program chair's decision-making process increasingly complex.

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HIGHLY COMMENDED CASE - Family Business Runner-up, 2012 European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD) Case Writing Competition. Scholtes Waterservices was a second-generation family firm in the Netherlands that specialized in installing and selling water pipes, primarily for the horticultural industry. In 2008, Rijk Scholtes Jr. and his brother, Ben, took over management of the firm from their father and gradually assumed ownership through a buyout plan. It soon became evident that their father, Rijk Sr., could not let go of the company. This especially affected Rijk Jr., as he worked in an office close to the place where Rijk Sr. lived. As a result, the relationship between father and son began to steadily deteriorate. Moreover, Rijk Jr. began to feel isolated as the relationship and collaboration between Rijk Sr. and Ben was not adversely affected. Instead, the once-strong relationship between the brothers began to deteriorate. Rijk Jr. was left wondering whether anything could be done to rectify the situation or whether it was time to leave the family firm.

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The case describes the four-part approach that Nestlé used to accomplish this: adapting its product from a soupy noodle to a dry cake and formulating a taste that would appeal to the Indian palate across the entire country; strengthening its competitive position by attending to each element of the value chain - R&D, manufacturing, supply chain, sales and marketing; growing the category through product innovation and go-to-market innovation; and retaining a leadership position in the face of competition from other MNCs by continuous innovation and willingness to cannibalize its own products. The case illustrates how multinational corporations (MNCs) can capitalize on the huge opportunities available in the Indian market. While the market is potentially huge, the challenges in developing it are also daunting. Success requires persistence and entrepreneurship at multiple levels of the corporation. In the case of Nestlé, top management at its Swiss headquarters, the country head in India and the front line product champion in India all played their parts in an aligned manner. The case illustrates how an MNC can blend local responsiveness with its global strengths to create a winning position in the Indian market. Learning objectives: The main learning objective of this case is to support mid-level and senior executives (senior executives, country managers in emerging markets, supply chain professionals, product development teams) as well as MBA participants in exploring how MNCs can best leverage the India opportunity.

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Facebook’s director of policy communications was faced with a situation caused by a YouTube video posted by the non-governmental organization (NGO) Greenpeace. This video publicly critiqued the environmental sustainability of Facebook’s decision to build a new data centre, its main objection being that the new facility would be connected to a local utility provider that supplied electricity mainly from the burning of coal, one of the largest sources of global warming. This video was only the latest of a series of actions, commenced by Greenpeace eight months earlier, immediately following Facebook’s decision to build the new facility. Greenpeace had dubbed these actions the “Unfriend Coal Campaign,” which now had 500,000 followers and had generated numerous media stories. Greenpeace’s goal was to pressure Facebook into adopting cleaner energy policies by leveraging Facebook’s own social media against the company. As Facebook had no plans to stop building the facility, its director needed to figure out the best course of action to take in response to the mounting pressure from Greenpeace, in order to alleviate the increasingly negative attention from media and consumers.

Souk el Tayeb, Lebanon’s first weekly farmers’ market, and Tawlet, a farmers’ restaurant — the former adopting the legal structure of an NGO and the latter being an income-generating company — were joined by one vision to “celebrate food and traditions that unite communities and support small-scale farmers and producers and a culture of sustainable agriculture.” Souk el Tayeb’s founder, Kamal Mouzawak, first launched Souk el Tayeb in May 2004 in Beirut, Lebanon. The idea was to create a communal space for farmers across the country to sell their organic produce and products. The overarching vision was to create a platform that joined different people celebrating food, culture, and traditions and promoted and supported the agricultural sector in Lebanon. Mouzawak and his business partner were in the process of brainstorming ways to grow the impact of their business without compromising quality standards, all while meeting the ever-looming challenge of financial sustainability.

A recent MBA graduate has just received a one-year business assignment as a business development and marketing advisor to work with the Vietnam Handicraft Initiative (VHI), a vocational training and employment center for people with disabilities, located in Central Vietnam. Her job is to assist the VHI to increase its productivity, become sustainable and strengthen the capacity of the organization through improved business and marketing plans. Within the first four weeks of her arrival, she needs to detail her assessment of the VHI and provide key recommendations and focused work objectives for the remaining 11 months of her placement. She expects that the many cultural differences encountered along the way will provide a real challenge in accurately assessing the VHI and developing a detailed work plan.

New research on effective leaders shows that the most brilliant ones tend to be people without a great deal of experience. The only trouble is, the same is true of the very worst leaders.

Game designer Jane McGonigal on how engaging in some activities we assume are nonproductive--as tiny exercises--may actually be a smart way to spend time, especially at work.

Back in the late 1990s Ibrahim, who was running a software and consulting company in the UK, regularly worked with big telecom companies. He began asking them why they were ignoring the huge opportunities to develop mobile communications in Africa, especially in countries where licenses would be free. The telecom executives who were his clients simply saw Africa as too unknown and too risky. One of them cited Idi Amin as a barrier--but Amin had been gone from Uganda for 15 years. Convinced that the potential market was too big to pass up, Ibrahim decided to develop it himself. He began with just five employees and initial funding from his consulting firm, and subsequently had to spend a significant amount of time raising capital--$300 million during the first five years. To establish credibility, he recruited an experienced and respected board and instituted rules to prevent bribery and corruption. The company began in Uganda and a few other countries where the pent-up demand was almost overwhelming. In Gabon, for example, customers actually knocked down the door in one of its offices trying to get in. "That's how badly people wanted to make phone calls," Ibrahim writes. The challenges he faced in meeting that demand were infrastructural as well as political and cultural: Some places lacked roads, so helicopters had to move the heavy equipment. The company had to supply its own electricity and water and to refill its batteries and generators every day. Nevertheless, Ibrahim succeeded in building a large company and creating an even larger economy to support it. When Celtel was sold to Zain, in 2005, it was operating in 15 African countries under licenses that covered more than a third of the continent's population.

When it comes to assessing performance, business executives can be a lot like old-time baseball scouts, who have been around so long that they've developed a gut feel for which statistics matter most. But as Michael Lewis describes in "Moneyball," the Oakland Athletics discovered that the metric the team's scouts used to choose players had nothing to do with whether those players would score runs. They had been measuring the wrong thing, and executives may be making the same mistake. Theory and empirical research show only a shaky connection between value creation and two of the most popular performance measures: earnings per share (EPS) growth and sales growth. Yet executives cling to those metrics because they are overconfident in their intuition, they misattribute the causes of events, and they do not escape the pull of the status quo. The most useful statistics reliably reveal cause and effect. They have two defining characteristics: They are persistent, showing that the outcome of a given action at one time will be similar to the outcome of the same action at another time, and they are predictive--that is, there is a causal relationship between the action the statistic measures and the desired outcome. To choose the right statistics, you must define your governing objective, assess the financial and nonfinancial drivers of that objective, and figure out which employee activities support those drivers. You must also regularly reevaluate your metrics. The drivers of value creation change, and so must your statistics.

More and more companies recognize that their dispersed, global operations are a treasure trove of ideas and capabilities for innovation. But it's proving harder than expected to unearth those ideas or exploit those capabilities. Part of the problem is that companies manage global innovation the same way they manage traditional, single-location projects. Single-location projects draw on a large reservoir of tacit knowledge, shared context, and trust that global projects lack. The management challenge, therefore, is to replicate the positive aspects of colocation while harnessing the opportunities of dispersion. In this article, Insead's Wilson and Doz draw on research into global strategy and innovation to present a set of guidelines for setting up and managing global innovation. They explore in detail the challenges that make global projects inherently different and show how these can be overcome by applying superior project management skills across teams, fostering a strong collaborative culture, and using a robust array of communications tools.

When leaders don't fire incompetent executives, they send a bad message to the whole organization. A case in point is the U.S. Army. "To study the change in the army across the two decades between World War II and Vietnam," Ricks writes, "is to learn how a culture of high standards and accountability can deteriorate." In this essay, adapted from his new book, The Generals: American Military Command from World War II to Today, Ricks illuminates the contrast between General George C. Marshall, an unlikely figure of quiet resolve who became a classic transformational leader, and the disastrous generals of the Vietnam era. In Vietnam, he writes, the honesty and accountability of Marshall's system were replaced by deceit and command indiscipline. If inadequate leaders are allowed to remain in command of an enterprise, their superiors must look for other ways to accomplish its goals. In Vietnam commanders turned to micromanagement, hovering overhead in helicopters to direct (and interfere with) squad leaders and platoon leaders on the ground. This both undercut combat effectiveness and denied small-unit leaders the opportunity to grow by making decisions under extreme pressure. In Iraq and Afghanistan, Ricks writes, though U.S. troops fought their battles magnificently, their generals often seemed ill equipped for the tasks at hand--especially the difficult but essential job of turning victories on the ground into strategic progress. This brief but powerful history of the army since World War II holds stark lessons for business leaders.

Many of us are struggling to chart a path toward success in our careers and a sense of fulfillment in all aspects of our lives. But we can't excel simultaneously in every role. Instead, at various points in life we must choose what to emphasize and what to relinquish. The goal is to make that decision consciously instead of unwittingly letting go of the most important item. The author presents a framework he designed with Howard Stevenson, a business professor who has played many roles throughout his life, to help ambitious executives understand their limits and make tough trade-offs. It starts with considering all the dimensions of your life, developing a vision of yourself for the present and for the future, and then evaluating how your options advance you toward your goals. 1) Where do your options fall on the needs-wants spectrum? Most things fall somewhere in the middle. Some wants are so strong that it's difficult to separate them from needs. 2) What are the investment and opportunity costs? Most decisions involve both kinds of costs. The challenge is to understand if incurring them will help you achieve your goals. 3) Are the potential benefits worth the costs? Does the benefit you'll receive warrant the investment you'll have to make? 4) Can you make a trade? Many of us try to exchange something we have for something else that we want. But sometimes the two items can't be traded. Money, for instance, cannot buy health. 5) Have you considered sequencing your most valued options? Consciously staggering your goals may enable you to be equally successful in many dimensions over time.

The entertainment icon discusses work-life balance, overcoming stage fright, and working in the nonprofit sector.

The head of research and development at MedicalTech, a new manufacturer of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coils and software, had just met with MedicalTech's founder and chief executive officer (CEO). They had been discussing the technology development requirements decided so far in their attempts to build MedicalTech's first technology offering for diagnosing cancer. The head of research and development needed to advise the CEO regarding the best technology development approach (services-oriented technology co-creation and product-oriented technology creation); selecting the appropriate hospital partner to co-create the first public prototype; and determining the value propositions of all end-users for the features and functions chosen. The head of research and development gave some thought to seeking the advice and partnership of more developed competitors in the industry, as she was confident that this start-up company could be a success, but wondered whether the company could succeed on its own.

Sanatkada is a retail outlet for traditional handicraft items, hand-woven garments and fabrics. In 2006, Sanatkada was established to bring to the people of Lucknow a wide choice of arts and crafts from all over India. The outlet has been appreciated for its exhibitions, social efforts and unique methods of conducting business. However, this has not all translated into revenue. While commercial activity is one goal of Sanatkada, its founder feels very strongly about issues related to women's empowerment and has also brought a not-for-profit component to the business. This hybrid model of doing business is difficult to balance. The goal of the case is to work out the possible alternatives that would enable Sanatkada's founder to retain the spirit of Sanatkada, while simultaneously empowering her staff and making the social initiatives self-sustainable.