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The Rise of the Creative Class, Revisited is an eighteen chapter book published in 2012 by Basic Books and written by Richard Florida, of the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management and New York University. The author presents a revised and expanded version of his classic work, which pioneered the idea that our society is in the midst of a fundamental economic and cultural shift led by an emerging class of people, defined by their occupations as the Creative Class. He argues that human creativity has become the pivotal force at the heart of current societal change. Supporting his theory with substantial research and grounding his arguments in classic historical and economic thinking, Florida sheds new light on successful Creative Age companies and cities. In Chapter 17, The Inclining Significance of Class (15 pages), the author posits that socioeconomic status is the key influence on quality of life. He says that class is mostly a factor of the work we do, and as such, predetermines a wide range of lifestyle variables, including politics, happiness, fitness, commuting, gun ownership, and dental care. He shows the inequality between the classes and posits that the way to overcome the class divide is to fully realize the potential of the Creative Economy.

The Rise of the Creative Class, Revisited is an eighteen chapter book published in 2012 by Basic Books and written by Richard Florida, of the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management and New York University. The author presents a revised and expanded version of his classic work, which pioneered the idea that our society is in the midst of a fundamental economic and cultural shift led by an emerging class of people, defined by their occupations as the Creative Class. He argues that human creativity has become the pivotal force at the heart of current societal change. Supporting his theory with substantial research and grounding his arguments in classic historical and economic thinking, Florida sheds new light on successful Creative Age companies and cities. In Chapter 18, Every Single Human Being Is Creative (18 pages), the author concludes that the challenge of our time is to harness the power of the Creative Economy across society. He proposes a "Creative Compact" to universalize creativity and reduce class inequality. This compact is guided by six central principles: include everyone, incorporate tolerance into economic strategy, nurture creativity in our schools, liberate people from relying on companies for benefits, strengthen urban development, and stop growth for "growth's sake".

The purpose of this exercise is to assess students’ group leadership and followership skills. Participants prepare for the exercise individually by reading six mini-cases that describe people-management challenges and then selecting a solution for these challenges from the options provided at the end of each case. During the exercise, participants are randomly assigned to discussion groups of five to six members, where each person serves as a leader for one case and as a participant for the remaining five case discussions. The discussions give participants the opportunity to exhibit effective leader and follower group behaviours and to demonstrate their oral communication, judgment, and decision-making skills. Self-assessment and group observation forms are provided.

This case follows the life of Al Gore, one of the most powerful vice-presidents in US history who, in 2000, failed to secure what is probably the most powerful job on earth - the presidency. It describes how he nonetheless reinvented himself after the defeat and built a successful and influential post-political career.

BMW, the leading luxury car manufacturer in the United States, implemented a new marketing initiative based on its online video services aimed to increase sales of customized vehicles. Prior to the introduction of the "Dream It. Build It. Drive It." program, BMW's SUV sales in America were in decline, and the situation required an immediate management response. With the arrival of the next generation of the X3 model in 2010, BMW launched a new online service allowing customers to watch the creation of their new vehicle through live video streaming. The case addresses the challenges of catering to the North American consumer, where most car buyers want immediate gratification with their purchases. BMW tackled this issue with a complex change in its production system to decrease lead times for its new vehicles, transferring a complete assembly line from Austria to South Carolina.

This case deals with a dilemma faced by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. Following the elimination of India from the knock-out phase of the World Cup 2007 championship, the BCCI and team sponsors found themselves at a crossroads. Others were vying with cricket for the advertising budgets of companies, and spectator interest for cricket was on the wane. The vice president of the BCCI had to perform a situation analysis after the backlash from fans and assess the way forward for the sport after the team's poor performance in the World Cup. The case facilitates an analysis of the environment for cricket in India in 2007 and an assessment of the need for next steps for the game to regain its preeminent status among sports fans in the country.

This case deals with cricket in India following the 2007 World Cup and leading to the early manifestations of the Indian Premier League's Twenty20 cricket championship (IPLT20). Following the elimination of India from the knock-out phase of the World Cup 2007 (One Day Cricket) championship, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and team sponsors found themselves at a crossroads. Other sports and entities were competing with cricket for companies' advertising budgets and, in this setting, the IPLT20 was born. As the IPLT20 caught the imagination of viewers, the Sahara Group, an Indian conglomerate, was faced with an opportunity to bid for a new franchise, which could be one of two additional teams to join the existing eight-team IPLT20. The Sahara Group had been apprehensive about continuing its sponsorship of the Indian test team in the past and had missed the opportunity to own a franchise at the launch of the IPLT20 two years earlier. This case allows for an analysis of the Indian cricket environment in 2007 and the evolution of the IPLT20, as well as an assessment of a bid by the Sahara Group to enter the IPLT20.

Annapurna Mahila Mandal (AMM), Mumbai, is a trust that provides micro credit and other services to poor working women. It was established in 1975 by a veteran Goa freedom fighter and social entrepreneur and her late husband, a union leader, in the wake of a decade-long millworkers' strike in Mumbai. Though AMM was a pioneer in the field of urban microfinance, by 1982 it slowly started losing its focus on microfinance and diverted to other social activities, which were difficult to scale up and thus started to turn unviable. In 1993, when AMM's chairperson began looking after the operations, she realized that the external environment was evolving quickly with changes in regulations, rising competition, rising aspirations of microfinance clients, etc. If not tackled on time, these potential threats could jeopardize the survival of the organization. AMM needed to develop a very clear vision as to which direction it should grow in in order to become sustainable without losing its focus on the core objective - the empowerment of poor women.

This case deals with a dilemma faced by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. Following the elimination of India from the knock-out phase of the World Cup 2007 championship, the BCCI and team sponsors found themselves at a crossroads. Others were vying with cricket for the advertising budgets of companies, and spectator interest for cricket was on the wane. The vice president of the BCCI had to perform a situation analysis after the backlash from fans and assess the way forward for the sport after the team’s poor performance in the World Cup. The case facilitates an analysis of the environment for cricket in India in 2007 and an assessment of the need for next steps for the game to regain its preeminent status among sports fans in the country.

Annapurna Mahila Mandal (AMM), Mumbai, is a trust that provides micro credit and other services to poor working women. It was established in 1975 by a veteran Goa freedom fighter and social entrepreneur and her late husband, a union leader, in the wake of a decade-long millworkers’ strike in Mumbai. Though AMM was a pioneer in the field of urban microfinance, by 1982 it slowly started losing its focus on microfinance and diverted to other social activities, which were difficult to scale up and thus started to turn unviable. In 1993, when AMM’s chairperson began looking after the operations, she realized that the external environment was evolving quickly with changes in regulations, rising competition, rising aspirations of microfinance clients, etc. If not tackled on time, these potential threats could jeopardize the survival of the organization. AMM needed to develop a very clear vision as to which direction it should grow in in order to become sustainable without losing its focus on the core objective — the empowerment of poor women.

As Clayton Christensen drove to the studio to deliver an online executive education class, he pondered the future of management education. How big a threat did online degree programs, corporate universities, and other innovations in the delivery of management training represent to the MBA program of the Harvard Business School or other residential programs? Certainly new innovations in the industry promised to deliver management education to a much broader audience at a far lower cost. Christensen had noted that many companies were less and less present in MBA recruiting, and he believed that companies' ability to train employees within the context of their jobs was quelling their desire for MBAs with less company-specific general management training. He wondered if the changes afoot represented a threat or an opportunity for the HBS MBA program. The case presents data on the HBS MBA program, including career and professional development statistics so that students are able to assess the cost of receiving an HBS MBA, and they are able to compare that cost to an online MBA program.

Raj Biyani faced tough challenges managing Microsoft IT India: leading a remote development organization in which key decisions were made in Redmond, and managing an organization that was perceived as less strategic than its sister Microsoft India Development Center with which it shared the Hyderabad, India site. The case follows Biyani's thought process in diagnosing the organization's problems, and poses the challenges of leading globally distributed operations.

Founded in 1987, Invitrogen was one of the largest catalog life science companies in the industry. Its customers came from academic research, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and government laboratories. Scientists viewed Invitrogen as a one-stop shop for all major molecular biology, biochemistry and cell culture reagent products, with prices ranging from a hundred dollars to a few thousand dollars.

Jon Corzine became the CEO of MF Global in March of 2010. 18 months later, and in the wake of a massive trade in European sovereign debt, the firm filed for bankruptcy, the 8th largest in U.S. history. As the firm failed it was discovered that over $1.6 billion in segregated customer assets was missing. The case explores issues that may have contributed to MF Global's demise, including its business model and the competitive pressures it faced prior to and following Corzine's arrival, and the strategic and managerial decisions taken by Corzine to reorient the firm. In addition, the sovereign debt trade, created to boost earnings, is described in some in some detail.

When MF Global failed in October of 2011, it was discovered that $1.6 billion of segregated customer assets was missing. Safeguarding these assets was the firm's responsibility, and in the words of one SEC official, its "sacred obligation." What is known about the missing assets is that they were taken from the accounts of customers trading in commodity futures and used in other areas of the firm; less is known about how it happened. The case describes MF Global's operating model, certain management decisions, its regulatory oversight, and the chaos of its final days, allowing for an exploration of how so much money could have gone missing. (Note: This case may be in read in conjunction with its companion, "MF Global: Changing Stripes" (HBS Case 312- 105), which discusses the managerial and strategic issues leading to the firm's collapse.)

Kosmos Energy (Kosmos) was founded in 2003 by a small group of oil and gas industry veterans backed by private equity capital. The company's original plan was to explore for oil along the West African coast. If a commercial discovery was made, Kosmos would sell the asset to an exploration and production (E&P) firm. In 2007, Kosmos and its partners announced a major discovery in deepwater offshore Ghana. Three years later in December 2010, Kosmos was at a crossroads. First oil from the Ghana discovery, now called Jubilee, was delivered in November 2010. Earlier in the year, a sales agreement with ExxonMobil for Kosmos' interests in Ghana was terminated. Kosmos now had to decide on its corporate future and its presence in Ghana. Should the company remain a pure "E" company or expand to E&P, and should it retain its interest in Jubilee's development? Integral to both questions was how the company could either raise capital for, or reap capital from, the Jubilee field

Supplement for case TB0297

The case examines the evolution of GE's corporate university in Crotonville, NY from its founding in 1956 through 2010 and the start of an effort of "Re-Imagining Crotonville." One of the world's first corporate universities, Crotonville became a model of leadership development and a recognized innovator in its field. The case details the role that Crotonville played under successive GE leaders, from Ralph Cordiner - who inaugurated Crotonville to train general managers to support a sweeping decentralization program - to Jeffrey Immelt. It considers how the institution changed in response to changing business needs and the factors that contributed to its vitality and success over several decades. Beginning in the 1980s, Crotonville became the nerve center of a cultural change effort launched by CEO Jack Welch, spawning programs such as "Work-Out" to cut through bureaucracy and return initiative to individual managers. Following the global financial crisis in 2008-9, CEO Jeffrey Immelt and Crotonville's leaders set in motion an exploration of the changing nature of leadership needed to confront the new realities in which GE operated globally. CLO Susan Peters initiated Re-Imagining Crotonville to align learning and development with these new leadership expectations. The case examines the choices faced by Peters and her team in re-thinking the environment, experience, and content of leadership learning at Crotonville. Learning objectives: Understand factors that have made Crotonville central to GE's leadership culture over time. Examine role of CEO and corporate leadership in driving cultural change through learning and development. Understand the unique assets and potential limitations of a 'corporate university' model for leadership learning. Explore the change management challenges of managing a legacy of success - continuing to evolve while preserving the strong 'brand' and 'secret sauce' that make Crotonville unique.

This case depicts the start-up and business development challenges faced by a streetwise entrepreneur who has invented a unique fishing rod. The capabilities necessary to invent, prototype, and bring to market a limited quantity of product versus the challenges of larger-scale commercialization and management of a growing business are illustrated. The case primarily addresses why some entrepreneurial ventures succeed and grow while others stay insignificant, and why a majority of entrepreneurial initiatives eventually fail. Indigenous constructs such as entrepreneur- and organization-specific factors and exogenous constructs such as industry, location, and time-specific factors that may predetermine the outcome of an entrepreneurial venture are illustrated. A business plan, which has attracted angel investment, is presented for critical assessment. The case’s background story shows that all businesses face resource constraints and trade-offs and that managers must continuously adapt and upgrade their business models, competencies, and management styles to match evolving market standards.

This case depicts the start-up and business development challenges faced by a streetwise entrepreneur who has invented a unique fishing rod. The capabilities necessary to invent, prototype and bring to market a limited quantity of product versus the challenges of larger scale product commercialization and managing a growing business are illustrated chronologically. The case primarily addresses why some entrepreneurial ventures succeed and grow to become large-scale corporations whereas others stay small and insignificant and why a majority of entrepreneurial initiatives eventually fail. Indigenous constructs (such as entrepreneur and organization specific factors) and exogenous constructs (such as industry, location and time specific factors that may predetermine the outcome of an entrepreneurial venture) are illustrated. A business plan, which has attracted angel investment, is presented for critical assessment. The background storyline subtly depicts that all businesses, regardless of size, face resource constraints and trade-offs and that managers must continuously adapt and upgrade their business models, competencies and management style to match the evolving threshold market standards.