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The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G) was facing a proxy attack from Trian Fund Management, L.P. (Trian) after Trian declared a US$3.5 billion position in P&G, equivalent to a 1.5 per cent shareholding, in February 2017. The fund manager called for a reorganization of the company to improve its performance and for a seat on P&G's board of directors for Trian's co-founder Nelson Peltz. Over the next few months, both parties discussed Trian's proposals, but the negotiations broke down in July 2017, and the conflict became public. Trian announced it would put its demands to a vote during the annual shareholder meeting in October. A month before the meeting, P&G CEO David Taylor had to make a recommendation to the board: should the company accept or rebuff Trian's attempt at gaining influence?

In the summer of 2022, it became clear that Netflix would introduce an ad-supported tier alongside its existing subscription plans in the near future. Speculation abounded as to the details of the new tier: How many minutes of advertising would it include? What picture quality would it offer? How many screens could be viewed at the same time? And, critically, how much would it cost the consumer per month? In this exercise, students are tasked with trying to assess whether Netflix should indeed go ahead with introducing a new ad-supported tier - and if so, how? - or whether the company would be better off sticking with its existing tiers and repricing them - and if so, by how much? Students need to evaluate which of these options would maximize the number of subscribers, and importantly, profits. Students have at their disposal results from market research (specifically a conjoint analysis study), financial reports, and industry data. The exercise also allows for a conceptual discussion of the merits of alternative revenue models: ad-driven vs. pure subscription-driven vs. a hybrid of the two.

Spreadsheet supplement for case 523033.

Joy4Home Brands, the maker of novel houseware items, was gearing up for its launch. The company would be introducing two lines: kitchenware products and storage containers. The initial go-to-market plan called for a direct to consumer (DTC) channel strategy. While Joy4Home had a handle on its customer acquisition efforts, it had yet to determine the DTC pricing for each line. Moreover, two additional opportunities had recently emerged. The first was a B2B opportunity involving a modified kitchenware line, and the second was a brick-and mortar wholesale proposal for larger storage containers. The Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) had market research data and other information to help her determine the optimal pricing scheme for these various sales avenues. Recommendations were needed soon.

In July 2018, Amir Bell was heading the Operational Excellence (OpEx) team for the Light Duty Pickup Truck Seat Cost Reduction program at General Motors (GM). GM had decided to launch the new full-size truck program in 2019 at assembly plants in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Silao, Mexico. To increase profits, GM sought to decrease costs in the manufacturing process. At the time, GM enjoyed a long-term tier-1 supplier relationship with Skübi Automotive North America LLC (Skübi) for its truck seats. Skübi’s facility in Indiana could not fully support the seat assembly for the new truck program, but Skübi did have capacity at its plant in Ohio, and so it approached GM about moving all or some of the new truck seat production. However, GM had investigated some additional cost-saving opportunities. GM could contract directly with tier-2 suppliers (directed buy) for some parts and negotiate volume pricing, though these arrangements could harm relations with long-time supplier Skübi. Alternatively, GM could assume the risk of raw material cost fluctuations by entering material indexing contracts with its directed-buy suppliers. Bell needed to analyze these alternatives and their related risks, and choose the most cost-effective option for GM.

In 2021, Rogers Communications Inc. (Rogers), one of the largest telecommunications companies in Canada, suffered a leadership crisis amid conflict between members of the Rogers family controlling the company. A decision by board chair Edward Rogers to oust chief executive officer Joe Natale triggered a chain of events that pitted Edward Rogers against his mother and two sisters (all board members). The company’s complex governance model, which consisted of a dual-class share structure and the Rogers Control Trust representing the majority shareholders on the company’s board, made it unclear who had effective decision-making power. In the light of this uncertainty, investors owning Rogers Class B non-voting shares had to decide whether to hold on to, sell, or purchase more shares.

Tire manufacturer Linglong initiated its green supply chain management (GSCM) program in 2018. By extending the ongoing green practices from within the organization to external supply chain partners, Linglong developed a green concept based on the entire product life cycle, which involved materials suppliers, equipment suppliers, distributors, and other stakeholders. After a one-year trial, the company saw an opportunity to mitigate the environmental risks in the supply chain and to enhance both environmental and economic performance at the supply chain level. However, the company also encountered challenges, such as the supply chain partners’ limited understanding of the value of GSCM and a lack of senior leadership support among suppliers. Faced with these challenges, Linglong had to decide whether to extend its GSCM program and how to improve it.

Major League Baseball (MLB) had been financially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. With a shortened season without fans in attendance, revenue-generating opportunities decreased dramatically from previous years. This case examines issues that MLB teams dealt with during the 2020 season, including the loss of revenue during the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. How would MLB move forward into the 2021 season, having lost a significant amount of money in the previous year? How should its teams invest their resources to maximize earning potential—despite the ongoing pandemic—for this upcoming season and possibly years to come?

Impact investing and Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) have traditionally had different objectives, with the former being about supporting businesses committed to making a difference, and the latter focusing on mitigating the risk of harm. However, these two worlds appear to be merging, with the SRI industry talking more and more about having a positive impact. Yet in the corporate world, positive talk doesn’t always translate into positive action. The SRI industry might very well adopt impact practices, but if the worst-case scenario comes to pass, we are looking at a takeover by a dominant player that has frequently engaged in greenwashing. And given today’s market challenges, the last thing we need is to give investors who seek to make a positive impact another reason to stay on the sidelines. What’s needed is more transparency when it comes to language, promises, and practices. To clarify the distinction between SRI and impact investing, key players such as corporate managers, the accounting sector, environmental, social and governance indexers, market regulators, and industry standard setters need to work together to develop standardized evaluation criteria and certification systems for both impact and SRI funds. Actively sharing experiences and knowledge might even lead to the creation of a hybrid category like “impact SRI.”

In 2021, Rogers Communications Inc. (Rogers), one of the largest telecommunications companies in Canada, suffered a leadership crisis amid conflict between members of the Rogers family controlling the company. A decision by board chair Edward Rogers to oust chief executive officer Joe Natale triggered a chain of events that pitted Edward Rogers against his mother and two sisters (all board members). The company's complex governance model, which consisted of a dual-class share structure and the Rogers Control Trust representing the majority shareholders on the company's board, made it unclear who had effective decision-making power. In the light of this uncertainty, investors owning Rogers Class B non-voting shares had to decide whether to hold on to, sell, or purchase more shares.

Tire manufacturer Linglong initiated its green supply chain management (GSCM) program in 2018. By extending the ongoing green practices from within the organization to external supply chain partners, Linglong developed a green concept based on the entire product life cycle, which involved materials suppliers, equipment suppliers, distributors, and other stakeholders. After a one-year trial, the company saw an opportunity to mitigate the environmental risks in the supply chain and to enhance both environmental and economic performance at the supply chain level. However, the company also encountered challenges, such as the supply chain partners' limited understanding of the value of GSCM and a lack of senior leadership support among suppliers. Faced with these challenges, Linglong had to decide whether to extend its GSCM program and how to improve it.

Major League Baseball (MLB) had been financially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. With a shortened season without fans in attendance, revenue-generating opportunities decreased dramatically from previous years. This case examines issues that MLB teams dealt with during the 2020 season, including the loss of revenue during the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. How would MLB move forward into the 2021 season, having lost a significant amount of money in the previous year? How should its teams invest their resources to maximize earning potential-despite the ongoing pandemic-for this upcoming season and possibly years to come?

Changing socio-economic trends led to the emergence of the men’s grooming segment in India. With the rise of e-commerce, the progression of social media, and growing awareness among men towards their personal grooming, a number of start-ups emerged in a category once dominated only by established players like Gillette. One such start-up was LetsShave, which was founded by Sidharth Oberoi in 2015 and catered to men’s shaving and grooming needs by offering products online only.<br><br/>Since its inception, LetsShave had maintained a product-centric approach to growth with a focus on high-quality products at affordable prices. This helped LetsShave gain a strong foothold in the market, growing at a sustained rate of 40 per cent per year with a loyal clientele and healthy rate of repeat sales. Other start-ups had adopted aggressive advertising and promotion strategies and were growing at a much faster pace than LetsShave. By continuing with its existing product-centric strategy, LetsShave might not be able to achieve its stated revenue target of US$10 million by the end of 2023. Oberoi had to quickly decide whether to continue with the company’s current approach or change course towards pursuing an aggressive marketing strategy to boost its top line.

Business leaders are routinely confronted with bad information, and despite the common conviction that only others are vulnerable to biased judgment, they too fall prey to what researchers call the illusory truth effect. That is, merely repeating false claims increases their believability, leaving people vulnerable to basing their decisions on misinformation. This article describes the phenomenon in detail and provides guidance on how to combat this cognitive bias.

As the world became increasingly urbanized, the contribution of buildings to climate change had increased dramatically. As of early 2022, the built environment accounted for 39% of all carbon emissions globally. American building technology giant, Johnson Controls International (JCI), recognized the huge business opportunity of providing sustainable and smart building management systems. At the same time, traditional and emerging competitors (e.g., incumbent industrial companies, utility or energy companies, technology companies, innovative start-ups, consulting companies) were also eyeing the same space. JCI took on the challenge to reinvent itself, in transforming from a traditional industrial organization to become a digital industrial organization, and eventually a digital industrial platform for smart building management. This process resulted in OpenBlue, moving the company from manufacturing HVAC, fire detection, and building controls products to providing predictive analytics and smart facilities. The company was now able to provide outcome-based solutions, and "net zero buildings as a service". How would JCI transform itself to seize new market opportunities towards a net-zero future? How promising was the company's new business direction? What could it do to stay ahead of the competition, especially with the new thinking around the future of workspace?

Operation Walk Canada (Operation Walks) was a private not-for-profit orthopaedic surgical mission organization based in London, Ontario. Its purpose was to provide total hip and knee replacement surgeries to patients in low- and middle-income countries, such as Guatemala. who had little or no access to orthopaedic care due to social, political, and economic factors. For two years, the COVID-19 pandemic had forced the mission to temporarily pause its work, leaving behind an ever-growing waiting list of patients who needed life-changing surgical care. However, the tremendous burden of the pandemic, coupled with existing gaps in the health care services in Canada, resulted in an overwhelming need for support that went beyond the organization’s capacity. For the organization to meet this demand, the team members needed an effective and sustainable strategy that would maximize its ability to meet the orthopaedic health care needs of the population. Operation Walk must now consider key challenges before returning to Antigua, Guatemala, in the spring of 2022.

In 2021, the head of cold storage for North America at A. P. Moller–Maersk (Maersk) was assigned the challenging task of meeting cold-storage requirements for a key client. Increasing demand for frozen food, coupled with many consumers adopting “hoarding” behaviour after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, heightened pressure on already-strained cold-storage facilities across the United States. To show the value of adopting Maersk’s end-to-end logistics services, the head of cold storage and his team had to develop a flexible operational plan for the client. The task was especially difficult in such a hot market, but gaining the trust of this client was critical for Maersk’s goal of establishing a strong hold in the US cold-storage market.

In December of 2020, the head of product development at QualityKiosk Technologies Private Limited (QualityKiosk) was grappling with a significant issue. QualityKiosk provided application quality assurance, business automation, digital experience management, and data analytics services to financial services companies across India. Krishna had to recommend the way forward for the company's latest product-Anabot, a new information technology (IT) journey analytics platform. The Anabot platform could provide its clients with quick insight about any IT incidents in the client's technology services. It also provided around-the-clock intelligence to the client's team handling those incidents. In its first year of sales, the customer journey analytics platform had been adopted by five major clients, generating over ₹20 million in revenues for QualityKiosk. However, between May and August 2020, none of over fifty potential clients who had expressed an interest in the Anabot product had proceeded to make a purchase. For the entire Anabot product team, anxiety was increasing about the future of their product. In an upcoming product review meeting with the company's chief executive officer, the head of product development would be required to present his recommendations for the future of the Anabot platform.

Using recycled or repurposed materials to make a new product can be a good sustainability strategy, but how can marketers increase the appeal of such goods to consumers? An experiment by two marketing scholars reveals that this appeal can be stimulated by explicitly telling just a little of the product's history and letting consumers spin the rest of the story.