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In June 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the vice-president of sales and marketing at Priority Management, a hotel and resort management company, was overseeing the operations of two hotels. New England Hotel was a large corporate hotel that had successfully cultivated much of its business from corporations in the nearby corporate business park. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, hotel occupancy plummeted, and the hotel’s general manager was resisting changing strategy to address heightened fears amid uncertainty from the hotel’s staff. A “business as usual” strategy would inevitably result in the hotel closing and all staff members being laid off. Midwest Hotel was a major branded full-service hotel located outside the downtown area. The hotel had undergone several changes in leadership and rebranding, which the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated. The hotel manager was forced to drastically reduce the hotel’s staff and implement a new strategy before the hotel became unsavable.

CUBO Modular Inc. (CUBO) was a start-up social enterprise in the Philippines that emerged shortly after its chief executive officer, Earl Forlales, received a substantial cash award for besting 1,200 entries in a competition. The concept behind Forlales’s competition entry was the use of engineered bamboo to produce modular houses. The materials, design, and fabrication resulted in cheaper houses that could be used for mass housing projects.<br><br>The public gained awareness of CUBO from the various articles posted online about the competition, which were also posted on CUBO’s Facebook page. By 2021, interest in the well-designed CUBO houses had swelled, and the quantity of queries overwhelmed the CUBO team, resulting in its failure to respond to hundreds of queries posed by potential customers.<br><br>What should Forlales do to keep interest in CUBO products at a high level while managing its production capacity to meet consumer demand?

The elections for India’s 294-seat West Bengal (Bengal) Legislative Assembly were due to be held sometime in April–May 2021. The All India Trinamool Congress (TMC), which had been in power in the state since 2011, faced a tough challenge from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which had been in power in the Central Government of India since 2014. The TMC and its political rivals in Bengal faced unprecedented social and political divisions among voters in 2021. To add to the TMC’s problems, at least half a dozen TMC stalwarts and many more local leaders had shifted to the BJP in the previous three months. In the run-up to the election, politicians across party lines used emotive issues such as religion, gender, and language to woo undecided voters. The TMC needed to devise a marketing strategy to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. Winning the maximum possible number of votes was the only item on the agenda.

The Case describes how Penny Wise, the newly appointed managing director of 3M Canada, drew on her personal leadership style, experience and character to keep the Canadian organization strategically relevant through a significant restructuring and the COVID-19 pandemic.

The co-founders of PhonePe, India's leading digital payment platform are considering pursuing various growth opportunities in a huge country just entering the digital age. In a highly competitive industry, the founders are keenly aware that making the right choices is not only a matter of opportunity cost but critical to preserving the company's market leadership. PhonePe began as an enabling platform between parties and, unlike some of its competitors, did not get involved up to now in the direct delivery of goods and services. But PhonePe's brand and reach make it relevant now to revisit the question. In the next board meeting, three areas of obvious digital potential are likely to come up: lending, education and gaming. Another is taking the model international. What should the founders recommend to their board?

In February 2019, the owner of the Yukon Soaps Company (Yukon Soaps), based in Mayo, Yukon, was contemplating the path forward for her business. Founded in 1998, Yukon Soaps was a provider of hand-crafted artisanal soap featuring Indigenous artwork. Yukon Soaps had been experiencing double-digit annual sales growth over the past several years, and demand was steadily exceeding supply. The owner felt that her business had reached a critical point, and she knew it could not grow without addressing several pressing growth challenges, many unique to its northern context: (1) the cost of sourcing ingredients and shipping them via air freight to Yukon significantly drove up the cost of goods sold; (2) Yukon Soaps’ product was currently produced in the owner’s basement, which severely limited production capacity; (3) the business currently sold to Yukon retailers, directly to customers through fairs and farmers’ markets, and through an online e-commerce platform, and there were significant trade-offs associated with each sales channel. The owner’s primary goal was neither revenue nor profit growth, and as the challenges that came with growth threatened her primary goals and values, she was questioning the value of expanding the business. Should she expand Yukon Soaps, or should she remain a small-scale player? How could she address the unique challenges that she faced in Mayo, Yukon?

SATS Ltd., an airline service provider headquartered in Singapore, was the largest air cargo terminal operator at Singapore’s Changi Airport. As a key player in the Asia-Pacific region, it had built its reputation as one of the top air cargo terminal operators in the world. With meticulous strategic planning, it had developed technological capabilities to navigate through many challenges and stay ahead of its competitors. In 2019, multiple challenges were arising from the external factors that had transformed the nature of the global air cargo value chain. An impending labour crisis, coupled with changing customer expectations and the threat of substitutes, meant that the company faced a fresh set of challenges. To fight these challenges, it had to decide whether to further develop its automation capabilities or to focus on driving digitalization within its operations to improve its operational efficiency.

In 2020, AmerisourceBergen Corporation, a Fortune 50 company in the drug distribution industry, agreed to settle thousands of lawsuits filed nationwide against the company for its opioid distribution practices that critics alleged had contributed to the nationwide opioid crisis. The $6.6 billion global settlement, had caused a net loss larger than the cumulative net income earned under the current CEO since he took the helm in 2011. The legal troubles had been accompanied by initiatives by shareholder activists who had become increasingly successful in driving corporate governance changes in companies in the opioid supply chain, including AmerisourceBergen. Determined to hold the leadership accountable, these shareholders launched a campaign in early 2021 to reject the pay packages of the Company's executives. They were protesting the increase in pay in 2020 to $13.3 million, up from $11.3 million in 2019. The result of the Vote NO campaign was almost split down the middle, with 48% voting with the activists and 52% with the company. The case describes the drug distribution industry, internal controls at Amerisource, shareholder demands on corporate governance, and the events related to the opioid crisis and Amerisource's role in it. The case can be used for a wide range of teaching purposes to discuss issues relating to governance, compliance, executive compensation, and shareholder activism in the context of the one of the biggest social challenges of the past two decades-the opioid crisis.

In 2019, the chairman and chief executive officer of Valeo, an automotive supplier and partner to automakers worldwide, faced the challenges of maintaining the company’s speed of growth and balancing its growth with profitability. Valeo had started as a small automobile component manufacturer in 1923 in France. By 2019, however, it was partnering with automakers to design innovative solutions for smart mobility with a focus on intuitive driving and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Valeo had grown not only organically, but also through partnerships and acquisitions, which enabled it to develop new technologies and new markets. What should the chairman and chief executive officer do to achieve the twin challenges of maintaining the company’s speed of growth and balancing growth with profitability, while not losing sight of the three current automotive revolutions—vehicle electrification, vehicle autonomy, and digital mobility?

The chief executive officer of Ruaha Farm (T) Ltd (Ruaha Farm), in Iringa, Tanzania, established his honey business, in 2012. The company’s business model relied on the engagement and empowerment of neighbouring communities of low-income beekeepers, creating mutually beneficial relationships with local beekeeping communities in the Iringa region. The business model was unique, asset-light, and scalable. In contrast with an integrated business model in beekeeping, where a company typically owned all assets (land, beehives, processing machinery, and routes to market), Ruaha Farm not only commercialized the honey from its own farms but also reached out to all beekeepers in the region to support them in the production and collection of their honey. By 2019, amid the challenges of managing the company’s relationship with the beekeeper communities, the chief executive officer had to consider how to increase Ruaha Farm’s annual production volume from 10 to 100 tons in five years.

On January 3, 2017, the principal investigator at the Biomedical Engineering and Technology Innovation Centre (BETIC), in India’s Indian Institute of Technology Bombay was considering the next steps for a newly developed product. BETIC was a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional translational research and development network in the medical technology sector that acted as a running partner for innovators and entrepreneurs. The core vision of BETIC was to create global success stories of indigenous medical devices by providing systematic guidance and support to innovators developing medical devices. The principal investigator and his team had developed an indigenous and innovative smart stethoscope from the ideation stage to a functional prototype. The next critical challenge was how to commercialize the product and ensure that it could deliver the maximum amount of social impact.

In February 2020, the director of Global Creative Intelligence at McCormick & Company, Inc. (McCormick), was grappling with some challenges at his desk at the company’s headquarters in the United States. Having been mandated to deploy Artificial Intelligence (AI) in developing new products—in partnership with IBM—he had been interfacing with over 500 product developers at the company’s various locations worldwide. The director faced three managerial dilemmas: How should he get the company’s product developers to trust the findings of AI? How could he teach and train AI to become smarter? And how should he deal with the global-local dynamics at McCormick in launching AI-engineered products?

Army First Lieutenant (1LT) Gavin Bell joined his unit in Afghanistan only weeks after graduating helicopter flight school in the United States. A new platoon leader in his troop, Bell had to get to know the members of his unit, familiarize himself with the combat zone, and progress through a rigorous flight refresher training program before flying combat missions. After a series of training flights, Bell felt more comfortable in the aircraft and in the unit. However, just as his confidence began to grow after completing his training progression and several intense missions in contact with the enemy, Bell's commander removed him from a high-profile mission due to lack of experience. Back on the flight schedule a few days later, Bell felt unsure of his ability to make tough decisions in the cockpit. On his first flight ever without the watchful eye of an instructor pilot, Bell sat in the helicopter, left temporarily alone at a remote forward operating base in northeast Afghanistan. Bell's team of two helicopters had landed to drop off reconnaissance materials to the ground force planners and the transfer was taking longer than expected. Beginning to run low on fuel and with Bell's experienced co-pilot still in the base headquarters, the base defense operations center ordered all aircraft to depart the base landing zone due to an immediate enemy attack from the surrounding mountains. Bell has only seconds to decide to make a life-or-death decision: depart by himself in the helicopter, disobeying regulations prohibiting single-pilot flights, or remain at the base his helicopter, a vulnerable target as the enemy fire intensifies.

In February 2020, the director of Global Creative Intelligence at McCormick & Company, Inc. (McCormick), was grappling with some challenges at his desk at the company's headquarters in the United States. Having been mandated to deploy Artificial Intelligence (AI) in developing new products-in partnership with IBM-he had been interfacing with over 500 product developers at the company's various locations worldwide. The director faced three managerial dilemmas: How should he get the company's product developers to trust the findings of AI? How could he teach and train AI to become smarter? And how should he deal with the global-local dynamics at McCormick in launching AI-engineered products?

In April 2020, the chief executive officer of Xiaoxiandun E-Commerce Co. (Xiaoxiandun), faced a tough choice. Founded in 2014 in Beijing, China, Xiaoxiandun focused on birds’ nests—an extremely popular traditional Chinese tonic product—and advocated the benefits of nourishing Chinese medicine. Low-temperature technology and timely delivery helped consumers to nourish the bird's nest on time and in standardized amounts. The "Expert of Fresh Stewed Bird's Nest" strategy during 2017-2019 helped Xiaoxiandun surpass the original leader in the bird's nest industry and became number one in sales on Tmall Double Eleven in 2019. In the same year, the leader regarded Xiaoxiandun as the main competitor, and adopted similar fresh stew technology. Faced with this challenge, how should Miao move forward: adhere to the "expert" strategy, diversify and expand, or make strategic changes to become a leader?

La Colombe Coffee Roasters was founded in 1994 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with the notion that “America deserves better coffee.” The company provided attractive cafés and an online coffee subscription program to its customers. It supported ethical trade in the sourcing of its products and coffee innovation, which had led to the Draft Latte cold coffee, a ready-to-drink product available both at La Colombe Coffee Roasters cafés and in a variety of retail outlets. The company hired a customer experience consulting firm to design its virtual presence and provide a seamless experience for consumers both through its cafés and online. It operated in a high-margin competitive industry with a high rate of company shutdowns, making customer interface and product innovation essential. With new equity invested by a highly-successful venture capitalist, the company had to now decide whether to scale up into a mass market company or continue to serve a niche segment through its artisanal cafés.