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The case describes the last quarter century in the Foundation's life cycle. During these years, the Foundation developed a governance structure and conditions of governance that allowed it to become the parent company of a group of enterprises in addition to being faithful to its mission, dealing with the moral hazard present in the different agency relationships, and remaining active in the environment in which it competed.In March 2017, 15 months following the withdrawal of the founding religious order, the relevant issue for the Foundation's director -following the validation of the organization's strategic orientation- was whether or not it was time to reconfigure its governance structure.

In 2019, BT Slingsby founds Catalys Pacific, the first biotech "venture creation" fund in Tokyo. After convincing some of the biggest Japanese pharmaceutical firms to invest, BT hopes the fund can make a big splash and transform biotechnology innovation in Japan. After examining hundreds of potential investment opportunities, his team must decide which deals to pursue first. How can Catalys Pacific establish a positive investment track record while galvanizing an entire innovation ecosystem? To achieve its vision, the Catalys Pacific team must use its experience in the Japanese pharmaceutical industry to identify promising deals, while navigating corporate politics and potential cultural roadblocks.

In mid-2019, the chief regions and markets officer of the Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty SE (AGCS) insurance company was wondering how to grow the company's innovation culture, and how to manage resistance from other areas of the business. AGCS was part of Allianz SE, a European multinational financial services company whose core businesses were insurance and asset management. Recent changes in the global landscape had been driven by technological advancements, and market leaders would need to consider using new methods and innovation. AGCS had set up a new corporate incubator to accelerate digital innovation. However, the digital innovation incubator's journey was not without challenges and learning curve issues, especially during its initial stages. Within 18 months, the new corporate incubator was fully entrenched within AGCS. The next steps involved finding the right key stakeholders and strategic thrust to help it thrive.

In February 2016, the managing director of Astro-Vision Futuretech Private Limited (Astro-Vision), one of the leading astrology product and service providers in India, was deliberating his company's strategic options. He had to decide on the strategic direction of his company, particularly the business verticals, products and services, and marketing and distribution channels he should focus on, given the business environment and the company's competencies, vision, mission, value propositions, and potential for future growth.

Pallak Seth, Group CEO of PDS Multinational Fashions, is contemplating options to bring better collaboration across his global apparel supply chain platform. PDS, a group of 50-plus subsidiary companies, each led by its own CEO and with different apparel industry specialties, has grown rapidly over the past decade, yet the industry is increasingly competitive and challenges remain constant. Looking for ways to reach the Group's 2023 goals of $2 billion in revenue, Seth and his executive board are considering two ways to increase collaboration and reward performance: a joint P&L approach, to drive partnerships across the subsidiaries, and an employee stock option plan, to unlock value across the Group.

Kenyan off-grid-solar pioneer d.light can power entire homes in rural Africa but must now decide how to fund the growth of its asset-heavy business model. Ned Tozun and Sam Goldman founded d.light in 2006 to transform lives through solar solutions enabling access to electricity, the seventh of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. Originally providing simple portable solar lanterns to people without access to reliable electricity, the enterprise developed solar home systems that included lights, mobile chargers, and an energy-efficient device such as a radio, fan or TV. By 2019, with the success of home systems, d.light had become one of the leading players in the off-grid solar sector, with the world's largest distribution network for off-grid solar products and a projected revenue of over $90 million. Key to d.light's solar home systems was pay-as-you-go (PayGo) plans, a lease-to-own model consisting of a down payment followed by small (<$1.50) daily payments, normally for a period of 12 to 18 months. In 2019, sales from PayGo products were expected to contribute close to 70% of the company's annual revenue. However, PayGo was an asset-heavy model and in the past 18 months, d.light had raised over $90 million, nearly 75% of which was in debt facilities. As the company continued to grow rapidly, its co-founders were deliberating whether they ought to go out and raise capital again. If so, should it be equity or debt? How much and from whom? If not now, when? Alternatively, should they modify the business model to reduce the company's need for so much external funding?

This case describes the bribery accusations and subsequent investigation of the Chinese subsidiary of a U.S. publicly listed Fortune 500 company, disguised as "Voles System". The primary purpose of the case is to illustrate the internal corporate governance challenges of developed-market multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in emerging markets. This case stands out in the management education field, as it fills a gap where there are very few teaching cases discussing the dark side of international business in emerging markets. After a brief introduction of the company's background, the case describes two anonymous internal "whistleblower" allegations that the Mainland China business unit (BU) had been bribing Chinese officials to win contracts. In response to these reports, the Legal Department conducted two investigations in late 2015 and 2016, respectively, but neither found concrete evidence of bribery, and the allegations could not be substantiated. A third report was subsequently made to the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) in April 2017. The DOJ placed Voles under formal investigation. While the investigation found that there was no concrete evidence of bribery of Chinese officials, several managers and staff of Voles's Mainland China BU had established a slush fund and related business entities to entertain senior managers of its key customers in China. The DOJ's investigation came at a great financial cost and hurt the company's reputation in the oil and gas industry. This case ends with multiple questions facing Voles and many MNCs operating in emerging markets: How did Voles fail to prevent such management malfeasance even after implementing industry best practices for corporate governance? What are some short-term measures through which Voles can address the situation in the Mainland China BU as revealed by the DOJ's investigation? What long-term measures should Voles implement to prevent such corporate governance failures from happening again?

Launched in 2010, CredEx Fintech Co. Ltd. (CredEx) operated until 2017 as a mobile credit platform, connecting lenders and borrowers in the Chinese small- and microcredit market. In 2017, the Chinese government introduced a regulation to address misconducts in the credit market. As a result, CredEx needed to transform by utilizing mobile credit technology to enable and support licensed financial institutions to explore mobile credit markets. In 2018, however, this change posed many challenges, such as how to add a new business model that served enterprise consumers as well as how to manage dual business models.

On May 2, 2019, So-Young International Inc. (So-Young) became the first Chinese Internet-based company in the cosmetic surgery sector to be listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market. With effective use of the Internet and mobile devices, So-Young provided a one-stop resource that allowed consumers to access information about cosmetic treatments, search for and purchase cosmetic surgery services, and benefit from peer and professional support during recovery. With its service, So-Young had positively transformed a fast-growing Chinese cosmetic surgery market that was lacking transparency and trustworthy information.<br><br>The company had used a process of enterprise business model innovation to build its brand image, expand its audience, and engage the cosmetic surgery industry value chain. While the process had been successful, So-Young faced competitive and internal challenges that it needed to overcome to maintain its leadership position and grow future prospects.

Since its founding, Getaway's service offering - tiny, modern cabins in the woods, located within a two-hour drive of major metropolitan areas - had been met with tremendous demand. Overworked and overconnected city dwellers reveled in the opportunity to take a break from their hectic lives, disconnecting in nature, and savoring meaningful moments with the people closest to them. What began with a fixed, nightly cabin rate of $99 a night had graduated over time to daily yield management, and a steady increase in prices to match rising demand. $159.. $179... $199.. With the onset of the global pandemic in March of 2020, the prospect of getting away to the woods, in rigorously-cleaned, socially-distanced cabins, became even more appealing to homebound consumers, and there was a step change in demand, and prices skyrocketed, crossing $369 in some markets. Should the company make as much money as quickly as possible to fund further growth, or does that risk that consumers will determine Getaway is too expensive and either never come, or never come more than once?

In 2019, Board Chair and third-generation shareholder Helen Fullerton was preparing for a meeting to discuss Ohio-based Hayden Saw Company's (Hayden) future as a family business. As the company entered its fifth decade, the Hayden family was dealing with three distinct pressures. First was the question of how to represent shareholders equitably in a way that would enable the family to move past its history of friction and estrangement. The second question was how to ensure a talented pipeline of family members working at the company as the family dispersed across the U.S. Third and relatedly, was the question of how to ensure informed family representation on the company's board to support its independent directors. To address these pressures, Fullerton had commissioned a family business consultant to generate a series of proposals. The consultant had come back with comprehensive ideas for a shareholders' council, a family office, family employment tracks, and a shareholder director process. Now it was time for Fullerton to review the proposals and decide how to move forward.

This annually updated exercise assesses one's exposure to the rest of the world's peoples. A series of worksheets require the respondents to check off the number and names of countries they have visited whether for business, family or tourism reasons, and the corresponding percentage of world population which each country represents. The summary of a group's collective exposure to the world's people will inevitably be the recognition that together they have seen much, even if individually some have seen little. The teaching note provides assignments and discussion questions which look at: why there is such a high variability in individual profiles; the implications of each profile for one's business career; and, what it would take for the respondent to change his/her profile. For marketers, it underscores the need to gather greater base knowledge about opportunities in 211 countries spread across 8 regions: Africa; North America and Caribbean; South America; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; Central Asia and Indian Subcontinent; Middle East; Asia Pacific.

For decades, the business world has embraced worker empowerment. But recently a countermovement--workforce optimization--has been on the rise. It treats labor as a commodity and seeks to cut it to a minimum by using automation and artificial intelligence, tightly controlling how people do their jobs, and replacing employees with contractors. This approach is especially prevalent in the tech sector and the gig economy. And it is cause for deep concern, says Wharton professor Cappelli. Optimization appeals to most executives because they've been taught how to do it and understand it. It aligns with hard priorities, like lowering costs, that make Wall Street happy. Yet there's no evidence that it improves business results. Moreover, history suggests that seeing people management as solely an engineering challenge leads to enormous problems. Taking responsibility away from workers demotivates them and undermines productivity and innovation. When algorithms make all the decisions, it isn't even clear how employees can make suggestions. Though many processes can still be improved by optimization, managers shouldn't choose it over empowerment. The key is to find the right mix of the two approaches, as the successful "lean production" model first introduced by Toyota does.

If you're like most people, you're constantly fielding requests at work. The asks are formal and informal, large and small, and from all across the organization. The inflow is so great, you can't possibly agree to everything. So it's crucial to learn when to say no and how to say both no and yes. Tulgan, who spent decades studying what makes people the most highly valued, indispensable employees at organizations, presents a three-part framework for managing the flood of requests. First, assess each ask, systematically gathering the details that will allow you to make an informed judgment. If you do have to turn someone down, deliver a well-reasoned no. A good no is all about timing and logic--it's in order whenever things are not allowed, cannot be done, or should not be done. Moreover, it's communicated in a way that makes the asker feel respected. If the answer is yes, make it an effective one by explaining how you think you can help, pinning down the deliverables, and laying out a focused plan for execution. A considered no protects you. A good yes allows you to serve others, add value, and collaborate effectively. If you become skilled at conveying both, you can avoid burnout, increase your influence, and enhance your reputation.

Since Donald Trump took office in January 2017, he has issued tens of thousands of tweets--some positive, some angry, some serious, some bonkers. Invariably, the media reacts, as do we, the public. This may seem like a dynamic peculiar to our current moment, but while the technology is relatively new, the underlying human story is as old as the Republic. We U.S. citizens are obsessed with our presidents--always have been. But that's only part of the picture. What often escapes notice is presidents' equally intense obsession with how they are viewed by the citizenry and their unrelenting efforts to influence public opinion, working both through the press--from the 18th-century broadsheet to social media--and around it.

The singer, actor, and activist talks about using her own voice and the causes that most concern her.

One of the most influential management thinkers of our time, Harvard Professor Rosabeth Moss Kanter, shares insights from her latest book. In an increasingly interconnected world, she describes the importance of recognizing that businesses are dependent upon the communities in which they operate. As a result, thinking 'outside the building' is a new leadership imperative-during and after COVID-19.

In the midst of the global pandemic, the Outthinker Strategy Network and Thinkers50 assembled some of the world's foremost management thinkers (virtually, of course) to share their thoughts on leading in times of unprecedented uncertainty. In this compilation of highlights from six of the speakers, topics range from the effects of psychological safety on innovation (Edmondson) to the role of fear in human behavior (Lindstrom) to tips for innovating in times of crisis (Anthony).

Much has been written about the importance of embracing corporate social responsibility (CSR), but the author presents the findings to date about its evil cousin: corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR). She shows how unrealistic performance expectations, a pressure-cooker culture and stress are just some of the factors that lead to irresponsible workplace behaviour. She then advises what leaders can do to eradiate CSiR, including increasing diversity and ensuring that espoused values are enacted. She also discusses the role of the board and indicates how regulation can help.

Individuals in health systems around the world are unambiguously committed to meeting the challenges of COVID-19. An uncountable number of people are working tirelessly, often at risk of their own health and lives. But success requires far more than individual effort. The authors argue that organizations throughout the health system must systematically split up the burden of response in order to deal effectively with immediate needs - as well as those lurking around the corner. The authors argue for four distinct teams: an immediate challenges team; a remote services team; an external coordination team; and a scenario planning team. They describe each in detail and show that embracing this model will lay down a base for longer- term gains, both in healthcare and in health itself.