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This case describes the challenges of declining and uneven sales facing the manager of a Khadi Gramodyog outlet in the Bhootnath market in the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Khadi Gramodyog is the brand name for Shri Gandhi Ashram Khadi Bhawan, a social trust established according to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s national ideal. Khadi Gramodyog produced marketable goods, fulfilled the goal of self-reliance, and empowered people living in poverty, while strengthening rural communities. Its purpose was to support cottage-based businesses that in turn supported the Khadi Gramodyog brand’s objectives. But as competition increased, the requirement for modernization and digitization made it harder to meet the needs of today's consumers. The case serves as an example of the difficulties the store manger of an outlet Khadi Gramodyog store in the Bhootnath market faced in trying to revive the business.

The iconic American fast-food chain Checkers Drive-In Restaurants Inc. (Checkers & Rally's), headquartered in Tampa, Florida, found early success through its streamlined layout and operations. Nevertheless, it had financially struggled prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, impelling it to reflect on its existing strengths and to take strategic steps amid the pandemic to make an impressive recovery. In 2023, armed with newfound confidence from its previous successes, the company confronted the challenge of understaffing in the nation's fast-food industry. How could Checkers & Rally's CEO address the labour shortage? Could robotics and automation give the company an edge?

Zakir Khan, a celebrated Indian comedian, commanded an impressive and vast fan base. Khan’s unreserved exhibition of his authentic nature had earned him acclaim not only from his fans but also from fellow artists and the media. It had also allowed him to build a personal brand, leading to widespread appeal that had, in turn, unlocked diverse creative avenues for him that typically remained beyond the reach of conventional comedians. What else had contributed to Khan’s personal brand, and what would enhance and sustain that brand identity?

Established in August 2011 in India, Frontier Markets (FM) was one of the largest social commerce platforms working with women influencers and with a strong following of rural customers. Starting out as a clean-energy product company, FM adopted a gender-smart strategy to bring rural-based women entrepreneurs on board as the company’s representatives in rural villages. The company leveraged an extensive network of women entrepreneurs, known as Sahelis, through the Meri Saheli e-commerce app. Using the app, the company delivered products and services in finance, agriculture, health care, climate, digital, and essential services. In 2022, FM had over 20,000 Sahelis working with 432,000 rural families, implementing over 25 million solutions through direct sales and doorstep delivery. The firm’s founders considered expanding geographically to become India’s largest women-led commerce platform. They wondered how they could add 10 million new customers and generate over US$54.16 million in revenue in the next two years. What was the best option for achieving this ambitious growth: expanding in new markets; adding new product categories; or adding new strategic partners?

Global health and wellness industries worldwide have been changing rapidly. In China, traditional Chinese supplements brand Guanzhan was founded in 2014 with the aim to provide younger consumers with new types of supplements that would satisfy their changing needs. The company employed a “New Retail” model to best serve the targeted consumer groups, who, compared to their older counterparts, knew little about traditional medicine and had higher taste and convenience requirements for supplement products. As of when the case was written, Guanzhan's ready-to-eat fish maw products had become one of the leading supplement product categories in the Chinese market. Looking into the future, the company sought to expand their footprint offline and develop new products that would satisfy the offline markets.

Sprouts Farmers Markets (Sprouts) is a Phoenix, Arizona-based chain of 400-plus natural foods stores in 23 U.S. states and $6.4 billion in sales as of 2022. In its product assortment, brand image, and store environment, Sprouts emphasizes freshness, health, innovation, and differentiation. A large majority of the items it offers have one or more attributes tied to health, local sourcing, specific production or ingredient standards, dietary needs, sustainability, etc. In 2023, under CEO Jack Sinclair, a 35-year industry veteran who joined Sprouts in 2019, Sprouts is implementing a strategy aimed at sharpening its identity as a specialty natural foods retailer and achieving 10% store growth per year. Rather than competing head-to-head with conventional supermarkets, Sprouts is positioning as a complementary grocer-a destination where customers can find differentiated, healthy products and brands that are often unavailable elsewhere. The multi-pronged strategy includes (among other measures) redefining the retailer's target customer, eliminating its prior practice of aggressive promotions, embracing a smaller store format, and renewing its focus on innovation and emerging brands. Sinclair and his team are confident that Sprouts has a strong strategy, one authentically rooted in its history and attuned to current and future trends around health. The business has improved its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) margin considerably since 2019 and is on track to grow revenues 6.5% and open 30 stores in 2023. But the cost of expansion has risen in recent years, and finding new locations has been difficult at times. There are questions about whether to focus growth on markets where the brand is well known or in new markets, where it is more difficult to communicate what separates Sprouts from other retailers.

Age really is just a number! In a wide-ranging interview, the Wharton School's Vice Dean argues that there is nothing naturally preordained about what we should be doing at different ages. The sequential model of life (school, work, retirement) is nothing but a social and political construction, he says. The confluence of rising life expectancy, enhanced physical and mental fitness and technology-driven knowledge and interaction fundamentally alter dynamics over the entire life course, redefining what we can do at different ages. As a result, a 'post-generational' society is emerging comprising 'Perennials' - people who are not characterized by the decade in which they were born. The result: more opportunities for people of all ages to change course, take gap years and reinvent themselves. Those who understand the potential of the Perennial mindset, says Guillen, will enter a new era of unrestricted living, learning, working and consuming.

In August 2022, Neetu Yadav and Kirti Jangra, co-founders of Animall, reflected upon their experience of starting a business in a highly competitive and fragmented Indian livestock management market. The industry suffered from a shortage of skilled workforce, inadequate infrastructure, and needed better access to modern technology. Yadav and Jangra were tasked to consider the competition in the digital space, assess the difficulty in penetrating a geographically and digitally remote market, and to build farmers' trust to grow the business. Yadav identified four opportunities for growing the business: expansion in veterinary services, providing nutrition advice, focus on particular animal breeds, and entry into other Indian states.

The role of marketing in any organization is to improve performance by establishing and nurturing worthwhile relationships (for companies, “worthwhile” usually means profitable) with customers, clients, sponsors, or other stakeholders. The professional practice of marketing, however, is more complicated than the unfortunate media-created stereotypes of fast-talking salespeople and manipulative advertisers. Indeed, marketers have many ways to win. This note explains the major choices that all marketers face and the ways in which marketing decisions can be made to obtain winning relationships with stakeholders.

Nicole Rotumah, chair of the Tweed Aboriginal Co-operative Society Limited, which ran the Minjungbal Museum and Cultural Centre (MMCC) in Tweed Heads, Australia, and the museum manager, Tina Pidcock, were standing in the middle of their beloved museum looking at the worn flooring, dusty artifacts, general state of disrepair, and stark absence of visitors. It was August 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic had brought tourism to a standstill. However, both Rotumah and Pidcock knew that the museum’s problems ran far deeper than the absence of visitors during the pandemic, and that something had to be done to revitalize this Australian cultural treasure. The question was what. Was MMCC functioning in the museum, tourism, or cultural experience industry? Who were its main stakeholders and competitors? Was it correct to measure success according to revenue or the number of visitors, or was protecting cultural heritage a sufficient goal?

21Seeds, a female-founded flavor-infused tequila startup launched in 2019, had made inroads into the alcoholic beverage industry by focusing on an underserved consumer segment in spirits-women, primarily in their 30s and 40s, many of whom were moms-and by following a non-traditional playbook of circumventing the traditional on-premise channel (bars and restaurants) and selling primarily to the off-premise channel (retail stores, such as supermarkets and liquor shops) where their target consumer shopped. The all-female founding team had no background in the alcohol industry, yet had grown annual sales to 66,000 cases within just three years-a highly unusual feat for a new spirits brand. Excited about the new "white space" opportunity that 21Seeds offered, Diageo, the multinational beverage company with a portfolio of other major tequila brands, including Don Julio, Casamigos, and DeLeón, acquired the fledgling brand in March 2022, retaining the co-founders as brand ambassadors. Diageo placed 21Seeds in its new Breakout Growth Brands Division, a select small group of brands to be nurtured for aggressive growth, with a goal of turning 21Seeds into a major player within the super-premium tequila segment. Diageo was considering several strategic initiatives for growing the brand, including product innovations, distribution opportunities, and marketing and branding approaches. 21Seeds had been successful to date by executing on a highly focused sales and marketing approach. Now, as the brand was under pressure to accelerate sales, its identity was being reassessed by Diageo. How important was it, at this stage in the lifecycle, that 21Seeds adhere closely to its founding brand story and brand positioning, or was now the time to evolve the brand en route to becoming a much bigger player in the market? The 21Seeds co-founders had views on how to grow the brand, but recognized that it was now part of a large portfolio of brands and ultimately under Diageo's control.

NutriNest, founded by Le Danh Hoang, was the first company to introduce farmed bird's nest products in Vietnam. In January 2018, the company launched a sustainable product line under a new brand called the Green Bird. The Green Bird product line was positioned to meet consumers' sustainability and health concerns, and quickly became the company's best-selling products. To continue to grow NutriNest, Hoang was facing a crucial decision. Should he focus on the current portfolio of the Green Bird line or add new products? If he chooses to introduce new products, how should he ensure that these products will attract new segments of customers and increase sales?

Launched in May 2013, Patreon was the leading subscription-based platform in the online crowdfunding market. For over five years, the company operated successfully and expanded its large base of artists and content providers (known as “creators” on Patreon) and their fans and contributors (known as “patrons” on the platform). Patreon charged its content creators a standard 5 per cent fee, plus transaction costs, offering the artists over 90 per cent of the crowdfunded amounts. However, the founder and chief executive officer of Patreon realized that the company could not survive by maintaining the current uniform pricing and services structure. Patreon had to develop a set of more advanced tools to attract new content creators to the platform and enhance the experience of the contributing patrons. Patreon had to revise its pricing strategy to pay for the development of new services, grow its customer base, and improve the company’s profitability.

Presentation to accompany product W31031.

Longevity Wines was a family-owned urban winery and certified minority-owned business based in the Livermore Valley wine region of Northern California. Founders Phil and Debra Long opened Longevity Wines in 2008 when their winemaking hobby outgrew their garage. By that time, they had spent years visiting tasting rooms and had identified a need to increase inclusivity in the wine community. The wine industry had a history of exclusion in terms of race, gender, and class; how could Phil Long make the wine community more inclusive and his wine brand more accessible to BIPOC consumers?

In May 2022, an interactive brand activation for Insomnia Cookies (Cookies), called CookieLab, celebrated its one-year anniversary. Insomnia enjoyed strong brand-name recognition for its late-night snack of freshly baked cookies and offered a strong unique selling point (USP), especially among college students. But there were still many questions about the company’s next steps, including whether a growth strategy through CookieLab was the most suitable strategy for Insomnia.<br><br>Specifically, should Insomnia expand CookieLab to other locations, locally, in the north east region of the United States, or across the United States? If yes, what marketing strategy and tactics should Insomnia use to grow that expansion?

Hemant Gaur, managing director of Siddhi Vinayak Agri Processing Pvt. Ltd. (SVA), had to approve the marketing mix for Carisma, a global retail potato brand. Known for its great taste and low glycemic index rating, the Carisma product was available to SVA through its joint venture partner. If the launch of Carisma was successful, SVA could significantly increase its revenue and profitability, as well as its market value. However, the launch would consume precious resources that could otherwise be used to grow current revenue sources and SVA capabilities. Thus if the launch was unsuccessful, SVA would have wasted its resources and lost the confidence of its investors. The decision was critical for SVA, and Gaur had to make it soon to allow the full financial year’s revenue to be included in the SVA valuation.

This handout accompanies product W30136.

Afzal Imram, co-founder of State Property, a fine jewellery retailer rooted in Singapore, had achieved a lot. Numerous celebrities, including Michelle Obama, Lady Gaga, Nicole Kidman, and Emilia Clarke, had worn State Property's products. A second brick-and-mortar store had been opened in Singapore, and the company was successful in overseas sales using Net-a-Porter. Despite these successes, State Property's website traffic remained relatively low. Afzal felt that sales would greatly benefit from an increase in the company's reach online. If consumers encountered his company's website earlier in their journey, they could be directed to an online sales platform or a physical store. How could he improve the company's organic ranking in search engine results?

In May 2022, Praneet Agarwal, Shashank Patidar and Shaurya Joshi-founders of WeSkill, a live, online "extracurricular" learning platform for children below the age of 14 years-were contemplating ways to sustain their business going forward. The venture, which had been launched in September 2020 when the entire world was fighting COVID-19, had traversed multiple twists and turns. The team had worked hard and enjoyed some success during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic waned, challenges began to mount. The case documents multiple issues that arise when creating a platform start-up and sustaining it over a long period. It also examines why start-ups that experience initial success may not sustain operations as time progresses.