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During its 50-year history, adidas had spent heavily to establish its three-stripe logo as a symbol for athletic achievement. When value-priced shoe retailer Payless ShoeSource started selling athletic shoes with two or four vertical stripes, adidas brought an action against Payless. adidas claimed Payless' lower-cost athletic shoes could dilute its famous logo in the minds of consumers and tarnish its brand by association with a lower-quality product. In 2008, the jury found in favor of adidas, awarding $305 million, believed to be the largest verdict in a trademark case. In this case students examine the histories and brand status of adidas and Payless as well as both companies' legal arguments before discussing consumer psychology, branding, and whether the jury made the right decision.

This is the second of a four-part case charting the influence of technological shifts on decision making in the light bulb industry. As Philips begins to challenge GE's dominance in the lighting market, it is not clear whether the emergence of compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) technology will change buying behavior significantly. The case supports exercises related to the determination of demand and breakeven requirements and capacity decisions in a shifting market.

This case, previously titled Oasis of the Seas: The Largest Cruise Liner in the World, was updated by the case writers in May 2024.<br><br>The Icon of the Seas is the largest cruise ship ever built and was launched in 2022 in the midst of a financial crisis. Two analysts from ELP Equities, a Florida-based research firm, are trying to determine which cruise customer segments the Icon is targeted at. The information they have gathered allows them to conduct a customer segmentation analysis in preparation for a hypothetical meeting with the marketing director of Royal Caribbean International, the corporation that commissioned the Icon.

The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) company based in Las Vegas, Nevada. The UFC is controlled by its parent company, Zuffa LLC, which is owned by Frank and Lorenzo Fertitta and Dana White. The UFC has seen a great deal of success since its purchase from its founders in 2001 for $2 million. The owners have made MMA a highly marketable product in terms of live event ticket sales, at-home pay-per-view purchases, and general popularity among their key demographic: men aged 18 to 34. However, this success has mainly occurred within the United States and Lorenzo, current UFC chief executive officer, wants to expand the organization’s reach across the globe. The UFC has held several successful international events in countries that are fairly culturally comparable to the United States (the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada), and Lorenzo must decide if the organization can be culturally viable in several new international markets — specifically, China, India, and South Korea.

Suitable for both MBA- and undergraduate-level courses such as integrated marketing communications, this case traces a product from idea to established, successful brand. A spirits industry executive perceives a gap between the under-$10 and the $25-and-up "prestige" vodkas. In this case he explores whether he could quantify the financial value of the awards his product has won. Would that be a good basis for the design of future campaigns: Decisions on pricing, target, distribution, branding, and promotion are considered in the A case (UVA-M-0774). The B case (UVA-M-0775) presents the results, which include the important benchmark of one million case sales by 2006. It also presents the founder's assessment of which initial decisions were most critical and explores the new choices he faces, including changes to the distribution channels and additions to the product line.

West Ham United are an English football team that competed to win the right to move their games to play in the stadium being constructed for the 2012 London Olympics. They secured financial support from the local government and the backing of the U.K. athletics. West Ham's rival bidder, Tottenham Hotspurs, presented a strong business case for the move and required no public support. West Ham despite this, won the right to move. The case focuses on ensuring fan acceptance of the move.

The manager of the Sony VAIO personal computer in China has been given two segmentation studies. One study is country-specific and product-specific. The other is a global segmentation study, which covers all regions and all of Sony's many consumer electronics. Which segmentation study should the manager rely on-or is there a way to rely on both? After deciding which study is best, which consumer should the manager target, and with what position?

In the past decade, Procter & Gamble has transformed Oil of Olay from "oil of old lady" into Olay Total Effects -- one of its strongest brands. Is one of your brands a diamond in the rough? The authors outline five key questions that can help you assess whether or not to invest in brand reinvention. If a brand can answer all of them in the affirmative, chances are good that it has the potential to be transformed from a laggard into a star. The authors present the five components of their Brand Reinvention Framework: proposition, target, offerings, production, and channel, describing in detail how to approach each element.

Porsche Canada wants to encourage its Canadian customers to drive their cars in winter. The goal is increased sales of cars (by consumers unwilling to buy a Porsche only for summer driving) and winter accessories such as snow tires. This is a three-fold challenge because Canadians generally believe that luxury vehicles should not be driven in winter due to ice and salt; that sports cars generally perform poorly in winter conditions; and that it is unwise to drive a luxury car in winter when it could be more easily scratched or damaged.

Porsche Canada wants to encourage their Canadian customers to drive their cars in winter. The prize is increased sales of cars (by consumers currently unwilling to buy a Porsche only for summer driving) and winter accessories, such as snow tires. This is a three-fold challenge because Canadians generally believe that luxury vehicles should not be driven in winter due to to ice and salt; that sports cars generally performed poorly in winter conditions; and it was unwise to drive a luxury car in winter where it could be more easily scratched or damaged.

In the fall of 1996, Bestseller became one of the first international fashion companies to enter the Chinese retail market. Earlier that year, Allan Warburg and Dan Friis had made contact with the CEO of Bestseller A/S, Troels Holch Povlsen, regarding the prospect of selling Bestseller brands in China, where they felt there were many business opportunities. Holch Povlsen found himself convinced by the two entrepreneurs’ enthusiasm for the Chinese market.<br><br>They quickly proved that they had been right about China. A decade after the first store opened, Bestseller China had almost 2,000 stores, and accounted for more than one-third of the total turnover of Bestseller A/S. The secret to Bestseller China’s extraordinary success was its ability to sell price-competitive European designs with a Chinese touch, which was achieved by locating all production in China and modifying Bestseller A/S’s designs to suit the size and tastes of Chinese middle-class consumers. With a 10-year headstart over potential competitors, Bestseller China had by the end of 2007 managed to establish a strong presence in China. However, high economic growth and the growing middle class were making the Chinese market highly attractive for other companies. Although global giants, such as Zara and H&M, were devoting big chunks of their budgets to entering China and capturing market share, these aggressive new entrants were not Bestseller China’s biggest concern. In fact, the competition from local companies was seen as the real threat.

In January 2010, global automotive manufacturer Toyota faced the task of notifying customers of a recall that involved a faulty accelerator pedal on 1.7 million vehicles. Toyota had already come under intense public scrutiny the previous year over a floor mat recall that affected 4.2 million vehicles. In an attempt to reach the masses for the current recall, Toyota created a letter to customers that was featured in major newspapers and on its website. The letter caused outrage as Toyota did not apologize to consumers. Instead, it talked about the company’s 50-year heritage and how Toyota was halting production to focus on fixing the vehicles that were on the road. The president of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. Inc. needed to identify the problems with the letter before drafting a new one.

The case examines an iconic institution's decision on whether or not to undertake a branding initiative. Founded in 1802, West Point has played a key role in America's history. It is one of the nation's oldest institutions of higher learning and is well known for producing prominent military, political, and business leaders. In the increasingly competitive environment of higher education, the Director of Strategic Communications at the U.S. Military Academy is faced with a decision on whether or not to invest resources in a rebranding effort. Over the course of the school's history, several distinct logos have come into existence and little uniformity or guidance for use exists. Data from a recent consumer survey offers some insight for the decision maker to contemplate, as does the school's recent appearance on the cover of Forbes' magazine as the number one undergraduate institution in the nation. Numerous stakeholders, tradition, the competitive environment, and resource constraints all factor into the decision making process.

In mid 2010 the Sealed Air Corporation has to decide on next steps for its novel video tracking technology (called VTID) after unsuccessful attempts to market it in three different industry settings. The company must determine whether its most recent target market, the quick-serve restaurant segment, is still worth pursuing or whether the company should look for a different application and market altogether. The company could also revisit the previous two applications, tracking and tracing processed meat and tracking employee safety practices. At the other extreme, after seven years of R&D and marketing efforts and millions of dollars in expenses, the company could cease attempts to commercialize VTID.

This case is a supplement to Toyota: Accelerator Pedal Recall (A).

Netflix, Inc. was a fast-growing U.S. DVD-rental and video-streaming service that had just entered the Canadian market. This case covers the period immediately following its entry into Canada with a low-price monthly subscription service through which viewers could get video content streamed to their TVs or multimedia devices. Netflix’s entry threatened to change the way video content was viewed in Canada and, as such, it had the potential to heavily impact a number of incumbents in Canada, such as Blockbuster. Netflix’s streaming-only model in Canada created a new service for customers that was not necessarily as strong as the offering in the United States; for instance, the range of titles was relatively limited. The Netflix entry also provided potential benefits for some players, such as Rogers, who could profit from increased Internet usage. This meant that the reaction from players was not immediately obvious.

This case covers the electric vehicle industry, starting with the history of the electric car and then moving on to the forces driving the twenty-first century automotive industry toward electrification. These include: Government incentives for buying electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, the economic and political problems related to oil dependency, the effect of oil prices on consumers' car buying habits, carbon dioxide emission and pollution awareness, and the effect of current and upcoming worldwide emissions regulations. The case then discusses the challenges to mass electric vehicle adoption including: the relatively higher price of certain electric vehicles; consumers' fear of "range anxiety" - the term for batteries running out of power in the middle of the road; and the narrow demographics of traditional hybrid buyers - which could be mirrored in the demographics of electric car buyers. Other challenges include: competition with internal combustion engines that were becoming more fuel efficient, time limits for government incentive programs, the new competitive market of small, more fuel efficient cars being produced and sold in China and India for less than $3,000, and the question of carbon footprint - the concept that coal is the major source of electricity production in the United States and China, and therefore electric vehicles may simply create a shift in carbon footprint from oil to coal. The case provides specific data about electric car and plug-hybrid brands, price, all-electric driving range and release dates. It also details government programs to promote electric vehicles, as well as current and future mandated miles per gallon for various countries. In addition, it provides data about worldwide and U.S. car sales, how far Americans drive and for what purpose, and psychographics of hybrid vehicle owners.

This case focuses on Cisco Systems' innovative probe-and-learn approach to using social media to launch its ASR 1000 Series Edge Router. The company had decided to eschew traditional print and TV media in marketing the new product and had decided instead to focus its efforts entirely on digital marketing and social media to attract the attention of its target market. The case discusses Cisco's bold plan to launch the ASR 1000 Series "virtually, visually, and virally" and the digital tactics employed by the Cisco Systems marketing team to accomplish this ambitious goal. Business marketers normally adopt a more serious and traditional approach to marketing its products but in this case Cisco had decided to buck that trend by exploring digital tools and social gaming avenues which its target client - the technical community - were increasingly frequenting. Cisco's challenge lay in whether this new approach and resultant value proposition would resonate with its technical audience and give the ASR 1000 Router the kind of publicity it needed to have. The case is set at a time when social media was burgeoning as a promising way to engage consumers more deeply with brands and products, but marketers were still experimenting with the tools and tactics of social media for marketing.

In October 2005, PPG pioneered a new business model for online apparel retailing in China. Targeting men’s low-end apparel, PPG’s new model met with great initial success due to its responsive supply chain, lighter distribution channel (i.e. no physical stores), and costly advertising. However, underlying limitations of PPG’s business model led to its eventual failure. Followers learned from both PPG’s successes and failures. VANCL, another online apparel retailer, provided a good example of the evolution of a business model that created a leader in the online retail industry. To show the evolving characteristics of the apparel retailing business model, this case describes a successive two-stage story, in which each company made improvements based on other forerunners.

This note introduces search engine marketing as presented by Google's popular AdWords advertising program and as monitored by Google Analytics.