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Spreadsheet supplement for case 521078.

Spreadsheet supplement for case 521079.

Spreadsheet supplement for case 521080.

In 2020, the head of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Academy, faced some tough decisions surrounding co-creation initiatives. The UEFA Academy was founded in early 2019 to address the learning needs of the football world with the aim of advancing the game. Since its inception, the UEFA Academy had been enthusiastically received by the sporting world. However, in pursuit of constant improvement, the head of the UEFA Academy wondered whether the use of co-creation could bring innovation and excellence to the UEFA Academy's programs. Which key stakeholders should the UEFA Academy involve in this initiative? What factors should be considered when formulating the UEFA Academy's value co-creation strategy? And what co-creating activities should the co-creation initiative focus on?

This case uses a start-up in the retail industry to explore the leverage of behavioral science to enrich a business model and structure a marketing campaign. The material unfolds the testing of an innovative process and use of persuasion in order to align business practices with human behavior and scale. In addition, it gives the opportunity to discuss how a minimal tech solution could bring in market data and provide a test platform to larger clients. The founder of Rohvi, Sara Whiffen, created a platform that allowed shoppers to buy clothing items from local retail stores, use them, and after a few wears, return the items for partial store credit. The business model was based on Whiffen's experience in the automobile industry with used cars. Following her first few years in the business, Whiffen had to make some decisions around engaging clients on two sides-retailers and consumers. How could an innovative start-up leverage behavioral science to persuade multiple stakeholders?

Pearson, which billed itself as the "world's learning company," faced a host of critical decisions in mid-2020. Several years prior, it had embarked on a new path that put the learner at the heart of the business and committed to a new strategic orientation. The new approach, under the heading of "efficacy," was meant to ensure that products and services were developed with measurable outcomes that mattered to learners in mind; and such offerings would further be taken to market with an emphasis on touting their efficacy credentials. While several efficacy reports had been produced on existing products to hone the framework, 2020 marked the first year Pearson launched a new product (the AIDA Calculus app) with efficacy in mind from the get go. As CEO John Fallon, the main architect behind efficacy, neared the end of his tenure at Pearson, he wanted to chart the next phase of the efficacy journey. In particular, should the company develop all its products and services with efficacy as the guiding principle? Which learner outcomes made the most sense to focus on in the future? How could Pearson better communicate efficacy in the marketplace and get it to resonate with various stakeholders-particularly educators and learners? With competitors following suit and using efficacy in their own communications, often without the same rigor that Pearson had applied, how should Pearson combat such "copy-cat" behavior? Was efficacy a pillar upon which to build the Pearson brand? In short, should he and his successor bet the "Pearson farm" on efficacy?

The global pandemic is changing the way we eat, work, shop, exercise, manage our health, socialize and spend our free time-and the 'low-touch economy' is here to stay. Board of Innovation co-founder Nick De Mey describes how our society and the global economy have been permanently altered by COVID-19. In a wide-ranging interview, he argues that the pandemic is shaping a new era of consumer behavior, and that successful companies will be those who adapt their business models accordingly.

Tencent, one of the largest Internet conglomerates in China, had a vision to become a "Tech+Culture" firm. With dominant market shares in online games and social networking, it had built a vast Internet-based entertainment ecosystem, and was now focused on cultural asset development. Specifically, the company had an opportunity to develop a media franchise that was rich in Chinese cultural elements and had the potential to turn into a blockbuster franchise comparable with Disney's Marvel Cinematic Universe. Edward Cheng, the company's vice president, had to decide how to launch the franchise-whether it should start with a game, movie, a streamed series, or something more innovative. He also had to consider how to promote Chinese culture and project the country's image to a foreign audience.

In 2018, high-end supermarket chain Margiotta Food & Wine (Margiotta) employed a robot named Fabio at one of its flagship stores to deliver in-store customer service. Founded in 1956, Margiotta retailed three product lines namely food, wine and 'local and organic' at their seven retail stores in Edinburgh, Scotland. However, within one week of its installation, Fabio was fired because of its inability to adequately deliver quality customer service. The customers developed a lot of resistance in accepting assistance from Fabio for their grocery shopping. The Fabio programmers, the Heriot-Watt University Interaction Lab, believe that a newer version of Fabio would be "crueller and more conniving" in delivering customer service. In the future therefore, Margiotta may very well have to take a decision on deploying a robot again. It would have to carve out strategies to proactively reduce customer resistance towards new version of Fabio, which eventually may ameliorate brand experience for Margiotta customers. In addition, Margiotta's employees were seen to have developed a state of positive emotion (love) towards Fabio. Employees were visibly disappointed when customer service through Fabio was discontinued. Hence, when the next version of Fabio is installed, Margiotta promoters would have to carefully manage employee emotions.

On August 9, 2020, Sean Jean De Ville, who had recently joined French fashion and cosmetics giant Satix as digital marketing head of the shampoo products division, was preparing for his first meeting with the CEO. He had been tasked to explore the viability of employing influencer marketing on Instagram. This would be a new promotional vehicle for the company, which had traditionally used billboards, print, and limited digital advertisements. He was also told that a budget of USD 500,000 would be allocated for influencer marketing and that the boss was anxious to get his insights and recommendations.

Serum Institute of India (SII) was the world's largest manufacturer of vaccines and had signed an agreement to produce the Oxford vaccine, a top five candidate. The chief executive officer, Adar Poonawala, had announced in late July 2020 that the government of India had agreed to buy two doses of the vaccine, at a price of US$13 per dose. In early August, two developments caused Adar to revisit SII's initial pricing decision. The first development was that Russia had announced it had developed a vaccine that was ready for mass distribution in early October-two months ahead of SII. The second development was that Johnson & Johnson had announced a price of US$10 per dose. The case outlines the decisions facing SII concerning the pricing strategy and pricing dynamics for their COVID-19 vaccine.

The case is intended as a vehicle for analysis of the challenges involved in launching an innovative product. It is set against the background of the wave of innovation in the vehicle market, as manufacturers race to replace internal combustion engines (ICEs) with electric power. Protean Electric, a company of British origin but now Chinese-owned, aims to introduce another level of innovation by introducing its in-wheel motor (IWM) technology to electric vehicles (EVs). Instead of simply replacing an internal combustion engine with an electric battery unit, Protean technology dispenses with the central powertrain and mounts electric power units in some or all of the wheels of the vehicle. The company is committed to being part of the entry into the mainstream passenger EV market of Evergrande, its Chinese owners, but has historically also looked at other sectors such as urban shuttles and delivery fleets, and has retained the ability to continue to develop products for those sectors. It also has to consider the emerging consensus that the transport market of the future will shift away from individual ownership towards a model known as CASE (connected, autonomous, shared, electrified). The contrast between the 'niche' IWM innovation and the market-wide electric revolution highlights the key concepts in new-product market analysis.

Serum Institute of India (SII) was the world’s largest manufacturer of vaccines and had signed an agreement to produce the Oxford vaccine, a top five candidate. The chief executive officer, Adar Poonawala, had announced in late July 2020 that the government of India had agreed to buy two doses of the vaccine, at a price of US$13 per dose. In early August, two developments caused Adar to revisit SII's initial pricing decision. The first development was that Russia had announced it had developed a vaccine that was ready for mass distribution in early October—two months ahead of SII. The second development was that Johnson & Johnson had announced a price of US$10 per dose. The case outlines the decisions facing SII concerning the pricing strategy and pricing dynamics for their COVID-19 vaccine.

Instructor spreadsheet to accompany teaching note, product 8B20A089.

Founded in 1905, SAE International, a global association of over 200,000 engineers, technical experts and volunteers, is a leader in technical learning for the mobility industry. Ongoing feedback from industry partners indicated that companies struggled to find engineering graduates with knowledge and skills required to work in robotics and automated vehicles. Many employers cited participants in SAE's Collegiate Design Challenge as delivering candidates that are ahead of the curve, having succeeded in designing, testing and racing their vehicles as part of a team. SAE's challenge was to find an innovative way to meet industry skills gaps and build the pipeline of engineers. These cases explore the vision of the Chief Growth Officer and the research and partnerships that fueled the development of a robotics boot camp program whose pilot was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Case Supplement for Case CU326

In 2020, Luke Minion and the leadership team at Riverstone, a hog producer founded in 2013 in Shandong, China, were evaluating Riverstone's strategy as it rebounded from outbreaks of African Swine Fever (ASF) in two of its three farm complexes. Riverstone was a joint venture between Minnesota-based private equity firm Proterra Investment Partners and agricultural services firm Pipestone Holdings, the third-largest U.S. pork company by sows managed. The vision for Riverstone was to apply Western hog production systems in China, where-despite being the world's top hog producer and consumer-most production was fragmented and inefficient. Just as Riverstone was ramping up capacity in 2018, China's hog industry faced a devastating ASF epidemic that wiped out tens of millions of hogs and bankrupted countless small producers. Riverstone had been able to recover by implementing strict biosecurity practices, and as it rebounded, it was benefiting from surging pork prices. From March 2019 to March 2020, Riverstone's profit per weaned pig rose from $80 to $250. In late 2020, Minion and the Proterra team were considering options for the exit of Proterra's Food Fund 1, which owned 70% of Riverstone. There was the possibility of an all-out sale, an IPO, or as Minion hoped, selling some portion of the Fund's equity to the U.S. farmers who were shareholders in Pipestone's U.S. operations. What was the best option?

Subway had been a dominant player in the submarine sandwich category since its inception in 1965. By 2011, the company had surpassed McDonald's as the world's largest restaurant chain. However, the emergence of strong competition and a number of issues-mostly related to its products, place, and price-had caused the company to struggle since 2014. The company's franchise system was poorly designed and operated, product quality had slipped, the company had not kept up with industry and dietary trends, and the arrest of the company's key spokesperson had a negative effect on the company's profits. Revenues declined from 2014 to 2019, and 2,376 stores were closed between 2016 and 2018. Subway needed to turn itself around. How could Subway's chief executive officer resolve the company's product-, place-, and price-related issues to help reverse its fortunes?

In fall 2019, Corinne Mentzelopoulos, owner of the famous first-growth Château Margaux, is pondering a series of decisions with respect to the chateau's third wine. Margaux du Château Marguax, as this wine was called, was launched in 2013 with a particular goal in mind and with a well defined go-to-market strategy. Six years later, Mentzolopoulos and her management team were evaluating the wine's performance against the original goal and re-examining the launch choices made. In particular, they were debating whether to raise the wholesale price, and if so by how much; which new countries to enter and which new deals to pursue, given that recent moves with respect to the château's second wine resulted in more production capacity for the third wine; what options were viable to increase third wine production even further (with implications for product quality); and what the best channel arrangements were going forward. Mentzelopoulos was mulling over other issues as well, such as whether to follow recent actions by the other first-growths, how to contend with broader societal trends (e.g., organic food and environmental concerns), and the succession plan for managing the estate when she stepped down. The case allows for rich discussions on adjusting marketing strategy (in particular target market to serve), re-thinking go-to-market plans (in particular pricing and channels), managing a product line, and constructing a brand architecture (with themes around brand dilution).

In early January 2016, the chief strategy officer and his team at Ippudo, an expanding ramen restaurant operation, were tasked to formulate both marketing and customer service management strategies for the company's first ramen shop in France, which was due to open in Paris in late 2016. Ippudo, a famous ramen brand in Japan, started its global expansion in 2008, when it successfully established its presence in New York City. When it entered the US market, Ippudo changed its marketing mix and customer service approach to follow a strategy that incorporated Ippudo's corporate values with both Japanese and New York culture and norms. Moving forward, how should Ippudo’s chief strategy officer position the new ramen restaurant in Paris? What marketing mix should Ippudo pursue? Should Ippudo change its product offerings to appeal to Parisians? And should Ippudo France’s website follow the same concept used in New York, where the website served only to convey information?