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This case focuses on Cindy Padnos's and Aileen Lee's experiences founding their own VC firms. It introduces some of the tradeoffs and challenges facing both founders. In particular, the case highlights some of their early investing experiences as women VCs and how those experiences shaped decisions with their funds.

The case describes Lime's (the startup of dockless electric scooter sharing services) arrival in Madrid, Spain. The case looks at the strategy of the company when it launched in the summer of 2018, until the City Hall of Madrid passed a Sustainable Mobility Ordinance in October of that year, regulating the operation of the company. This case features a "role play" with two main characters: Álvaro Salvat, general manager of Lime in Spain, and Francisco José López Carmona, director of traffic management and oversight in the City Hall of Madrid. This case illustrates the entrepreneurial dilemma of "asking for permission or begging for forgiveness" faced by all disruptive entrepreneurs. It also looks at the business implications of the different strategic approaches to regulation and engagement with city officials that entrepreneurs can take. Finally, it will delve deep into the micro-mobility sector, which like many other potentially disruptive technologies, can serve a big market but is also defined by uncertainty.

The case describes Lime's (the startup of dockless electric scooter sharing services) arrival in Madrid, Spain. The case looks at the strategy of the company when it launched in the summer of 2018, until the City Hall of Madrid passed a Sustainable Mobility Ordinance in October of that year, regulating the operation of the company. This case features a "role play" with two main characters: Álvaro Salvat, general manager of Lime in Spain, and Francisco José López Carmona, director of traffic management and oversight in the City Hall of Madrid. This case illustrates the entrepreneurial dilemma of "asking for permission or begging for forgiveness" faced by all disruptive entrepreneurs. It also looks at the business implications of the different strategic approaches to regulation and engagement with city officials that entrepreneurs can take. Finally, it will delve deep into the micro-mobility sector, which like many other potentially disruptive technologies, can serve a big market but is also defined by uncertainty.

The case describes Lime's (the startup of dockless electric scooter sharing services) arrival in Madrid, Spain. The case looks at the strategy of the company when it launched in the summer of 2018, until the City Hall of Madrid passed a Sustainable Mobility Ordinance in October of that year, regulating the operation of the company. This case features a "role play" with two main characters: Álvaro Salvat, general manager of Lime in Spain, and Francisco José López Carmona, director of traffic management and oversight in the City Hall of Madrid. This case illustrates the entrepreneurial dilemma of "asking for permission or begging for forgiveness" faced by all disruptive entrepreneurs. It also looks at the business implications of the different strategic approaches to regulation and engagement with city officials that entrepreneurs can take. Finally, it will delve deep into the micro-mobility sector, which like many other potentially disruptive technologies, can serve a big market but is also defined by uncertainty.

The case describes Lime's (the startup of dockless electric scooter sharing services) arrival in Madrid, Spain. The case looks at the strategy of the company when it launched in the summer of 2018, until the City Hall of Madrid passed a Sustainable Mobility Ordinance in October of that year, regulating the operation of the company. This case features a "role play" with two main characters: Álvaro Salvat, general manager of Lime in Spain, and Francisco José López Carmona, director of traffic management and oversight in the City Hall of Madrid. This case illustrates the entrepreneurial dilemma of "asking for permission or begging for forgiveness" faced by all disruptive entrepreneurs. It also looks at the business implications of the different strategic approaches to regulation and engagement with city officials that entrepreneurs can take. Finally, it will delve deep into the micro-mobility sector, which like many other potentially disruptive technologies, can serve a big market but is also defined by uncertainty.

Initially conceived as a competitor to Bloomberg's terminals, a consortium of financial services firms launched its own secure messaging platform, Symphony, in 2014. Symphony soon expanded beyond chat to include a range of services including data integrations, bots, applications, and a web conferencing solution; by 2019 Symphony's user base grew to 400 thousand clients, larger than Bloomberg's. This case explores Symphony's options for future growth-including how to leverage the need for Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the financial sector and possible expansion beyond financial services. In analyzing the firm's options, students must consider an array of challenges, including: competitive pressure within the sector and beyond its scope, changing use attitudes for communications technology, the rise of cloud computing, and a changing regulatory environment.

LOLA is a direct-to-consumer (DTC) business launched in 2015. What started as a company to provide women with organic and transparent material-labeled tampons via a subscription model, had, by 2019 evolved to include additional menstrual and sexual wellness products. LOLA's leadership wanted women to come to the company for all of their reproductive health needs (including information and a place to engage in conversation) from menstruation through menopause and beyond. Heading into 2020, LOLA cofounders have determined that to grow the business they need to go beyond the company's current DTC model and have products available in retail stores. The challenge, however, is finding the right retailers to partner with that will help to add value to the brand and not detract from it. The case provides background on the cofounders, the company's start, and evolution, and the challenges of moving beyond DTC.

Zomato, a leading restaurant discovery and review platform, entered the highly competitive hyperlocal food delivery space in 2014. Though Zomato was a leading platform for search and discovery, it trailed behind the market leader in the delivery landscape. While Zomato’s attempt to increase profitability by implementing a subscription model proved popular among customers, it antagonized a significant segment of its restaurant partners. As December 2019 drew to a close, the key decision-makers at Zomato wondered whether entering the growing delivery market and the subsequent transition would be worth the cost of competition. The startup would have to make a strategic decision with respect to its market dominance and competitive moves in the delivery market. Should it focus on the large, hypercompetitive markets in major cities to build high-density delivery networks, or should it focus on pre-empting the competition by nurturing small-town markets? Would acquiring its competitors help in rapid scaling, or should Zomato engage in another round of business model innovation by focusing on cloud kitchens and private labels?

In August 2019, WeWork filed for an initial public offering; investors in its 14 venture capital rounds were anxious for an exit. Softbank had invested US$6 billion in WeWork, including US$2 billion in the Series H round that valued the firm at US$47 billion; consequently, it hoped for a positive reception from Wall Street. While WeWork had 100 per cent recent sales growth, its net income was US$1.9 billion, and it was on pace to spend over US$5 billion in 2019; it needed capital. WeWork’s chief executive officer met with SoftBank in Tokyo to discuss a “dramatic reduction in its valuation.” Should they proceed with the IPO, even if it required a reduction in its valuation, or should they cancel the IPO and pursue an additional round of private capital?

ExtraCarbon was a company focused on the sorting stage of India’s unorganized waste management industry. The company was founded in 2013 with owners’ capital and some investments from friends and family. In October 2018, one of these friend investors expressed a desire to exit the venture. Although ExtraCarbon had made steady progress since its founding, the company did not have enough money to buy out the investor’s stake, and the company’s valuation was too low for the investor to benefit from leaving the venture. The investor complained that the founders had never taken his advice to scale up the venture more quickly, which would have benefitted all stakeholders by providing a better valuation and attracting more investors to the company. The incident led the founders to review their current scale of operations and make more ambitious growth plans for the company, including setting an ambitious revenue target of US$6 million by 2021. The challenge was to identify resources and ways to achieve this target. What strategy would help the company reach its target in a largely unorganized industry?

The June Oven was a smart oven which was capable of identifying food and cooking it accordingly. This type of smart oven represented the next step in the long history of oven and stove development. Due to the widespread use of traditional ovens, the market for the June Oven was potentially large. The June Oven was primarily a direct-to-consumer product, available through the company's own website, but it was available through some retail stores. June faced challenges from a relative decline in retail sales, the turn to online shopping, potential smart oven competitors, macroeconomic factors such as the U.S. China trade war, and internal problems such as software malfunctions.

The case follows Erica Mackey, CEO of early childhood education impact venture MyVillage, as she determines the growth path of the company after a recent fundraise. Particular issues explored include tensions between growth and mission, defining and measuring impact, and navigating interrelated areas of impact outside the core focus of an impact venture.

Uncertain how they would monetize their idea, they began with a pilot study in Redwood City. They formed groups of 10-12 seniors and one facilitator; the inexplicit goal was to create a sense of trust and cohesion such that each member would walk away with one friend. With time, they learnt that their programs could do so much more for communities than just provide friendship. By creating environments that enabled structured learning and peer-to-peer sharing, they could bridge many of the gaps in care and encourage members to look after each other and, interestingly, peer-pressure them into looking after themselves. Moshe and Darin realized that being the convener of these communities placed Wider Circle in a unique position in the healthcare value chain, which was attractive from the perspective of healthcare plans. The Wider Circle program could be a way for plans to improve the care experience and reduce costs as well to attract and retain members. Four years on, Moshe and Darin now had clinical validation that their programs were effective and had shown that their business model could generate healthy unit economics. As they prepared to scale and raise their series B financing, their minds were flooded with numerous questions, especially around scaling a people intensive business. Would they be able to identify, recruit, and train facilitators fast enough? Would they be able to recreate at scale the community experience members so loved? Would they be able to sell their program to enough health plans to have meaningful impact on elderly care? Reaching their next milestones would entail scaling from 5,000 to 50,000 members and increasing their revenue 10-fold - this would be their biggest challenge yet and they knew that if they couldn't address these questions, success was not guaranteed.

The case presents the history of a socially innovative start-up restaurant business, Pixza, that was created as a mixed-motive firm with both internal business objectives and external economic, social and environmental objectives. Founded by the entrepreneur and case protagonist Alejandro Souza, Pixza planned to sell an original style of pizzas produced with locally grown, organic, and traditionally Mexican ingredients and flavors. At the same time, Pixza had a social purpose and was designed as a social reinsertion vehicle for the economically disadvantaged, providing psychological support and job training that permitted formerly homeless men to obtain an income, a residence and an opportunity to achieve personal independence. Alejandro Souza is one of the outstanding examples of social entrepreneurship in Mexico, with experience in designing and implementing projects around the world on issues of impact evaluation, international development and social innovation. The case catches up with Souza in 2017, when Pixza is running two locations in Mexico City and is putting in place a new iteration of its social empowerment program. The restaurants are a hit with locals and are seeing a huge demand and acceptance of the new pizza recipes like blue corn, huitlacoche and epazote. However, running the pizza business and managing the social reinsertion programs is taking a toll on the physical and emotional well-being of Alejandro. Despite the obvious success of the enterprise, the case begins with Alejandro confessing to a close friend that he intends to close the business.

Anna and Jack Oleson, long-time owners of a bridal and formal wear shop in a small community in Michigan's Upper Peninsula (U.P.), are contemplating making an offer to buy the Keweenaw Mountain Lodge (KML) property, located in Copper Harbor on the Keweenaw Peninsula. The property has been owned and operated by Keweenaw County since its beginnings in 1933, constructed under the Civil Works Administration and the Work Progress Administration during the Great Depression. Situated on 167 heavily-wooded acres in the northernmost part of Michigan, the facility includes a 6,000 square foot lodge built from logs and rough-cut stone, a banquet room and conference center, 24 rustic cabins, an eight-room motel, a nine-hole golf course, mountain biking and hiking trails, a tennis court, and disc golf. In 1970, the lodge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and in 1976, it was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site. Keweenaw Mountain Lodge, however, has not produced profits in several years. A consultant noted that while some repairs were needed (e.g., roof replacement/repairs, replacement of carpeting, installation of Wi-Fi), it has been a utilized for both hosting wedding receptions and as family vacation destination for Michiganders and other Midwesterners. The asking price for the property is $1.5 million. The Olesons, who are in their 70's in age, are considering selling the bridal shop and using proceeds towards purchasing the KML. The case provides a general overview of Michigan's Upper Peninsula and its unique culture, and the considerations involved in making a purchase decision - i.e., marketing, location and local demographics, marketing positioning, operations and management, succession planning, and financial valuation. It requires the reader to utilize the planning, analytical, and decision-making techniques of an entrepreneur investigating a new business opportunity.

Student spreadsheet for case NA0619.

As author Ryan Cohen was on the verge of launching an online jewelry business with cofounder Michael Day, he had a revelation: He was standing in a local pet store with his toy poodle, Tylee, discussing her food with the proprietor, when he realized that millions of other pet owners were equally concerned about their animals' well-being. Clearly, the opportunity was huge--and he cared much more about pet food than about jewelry. He went door-to-door in Silicon Valley looking for funding, but not until Chewy had beaten sales projections did the company find a significant backer, at Volition Capital. Cohen describes that first round of funding as a major watershed. "From that point on, the mission was larger," he writes. "I was even more committed to making Chewy an industry leader because it was no longer just our own money on the line. . . I felt that responsibility." The financing allowed him and his team to scale up the operation rapidly and plan for an IPO, but before that happened, they sold Chewy to PetSmart for $3.35 billion. Its early-stage investors made huge gains, and later-stage ones made significant money. "Those investors put their trust in me and my vision," Cohen writes, "and I repaid them with returns."

Fresh out of a public social media debacle, Gary Vaynerchuk needs to reconsider the approach he takes in leading his digital media agency, VaynerMedia. Founded in 2009 by Gary and his brother AJ, VaynerMedia has grown into an unconventional creative marketing agency. With notable clients and a savvy and personable approach to maintaining attention arbitrage, the future looks bright with Gary at the helm of VaynerMedia. Or does it? This case explores Vaynerchuk's strengths and weaknesses, VaynerMedia's successes and challenges, and the overall command of the marketing firm as it continues to grow and evolve in an ever-changing digital media landscape. Ultimately, the case highlights a tension many ventures face as they mature from initial founding to growth sustainability: should the visionary CEO continue leading the charge forward, or should he consider stepping aside and allowing his firm to lead its own way forward?