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Emirates Airline (EA) needs to fund the purchase of 30 new A380 aircraft. On March 11, 2013, EA announced plans to issue US$1 billion of Islamic bonds (sukuk) and $750 million of regular bonds. These bonds arguably share similar risks and seniority even though the sukuk bonds sold with a lower implied yield. This difference in pricing for securities with similar default risks seems at odds with conventional finance thinking. Against this backdrop, the EA treasury department must decide on the appropriate funding for this next batch of A380 airplanes.

An infrastructure conglomerate is facing serious challenges following its construction of a world-class airport. The group's leader possesses unique managerial skills, coherent leadership and clear vision, but the airport must contend with an unstable political and economic environment, both nationally and internationally, as well as a number of delays and bureaucratic hurdles. As a result of these external factors, revenues have been much lower than expected, in spite of the overall success of the group's groundbreaking airport project. The company's leader knows that it will take stringent steps and corrective action to confront these issues effectively.

This case leads to a vibrant discussion and comparative analysis of Amazon's strategies across three major emerging markets. Amazon is known to virtually every student, making an illustration of internationalization strategies easy. This case begins with Amazon's entry into, India; Diego Piacentini, head of international operations, and country manager, Amit Agarwal are launching Amazon.in in June 2013. The case documents the challenges and opportunities Amazon found in India, and then looks back on Amazon's experiences in China and Brazil. It then wraps up with some speculation about Amazon's move into other areas including Mexico, Russia, and the Middle East.

As multinational enterprises expand operations in emerging economies, identifying and responding to unique marketing challenges may require strategy that focuses on local adaptation and global integration on a country by country basis. In March 2014, Tesco PLC (Tesco), the largest retailer in the United Kingdom and the third largest supermarket group in the world, has signed an agreement with Trent Hypermarkets, the retail division of the Tata Group, a leading Indian business conglomerate, for setting up a 50:50 joint venture (JV) in Indian retail. Tesco is committed to investing £85 million (US$110 million) as its share of capital. As it gets down to the basics of operating the JV, the management of Tesco, head quartered in London, United Kingdom, is facing three major dilemmas: How should Tesco sustain the advantage of being the first global multi-brand retailer to be allowed to invest in India? How should it fine-tune its tried and tested global business model to suit Indian retail? How could the company avoid the kind of failure it had experienced in the U.S. market, which it exited in April 2013?

A managing editor is attempting to navigate a communications and leadership disaster after receiving an email from one of her colleagues at Tehelka Magazine (Tehelka), alleging that the founder/proprietor/editor-in-chief of the magazine had sexually assaulted her. Although the managing editor felt that she handled the situation appropriately via her communications with the victim, the perpetrator and other Tehelka staff, the crisis worsened when those communications were leaked to the media and the general public. In addition, the victim resigned, asserting that the managing editor, a renowned crusader of women’s rights, had been dismissive and overly tolerant regarding the complaint. When both the victim’s resignation email and the editor’s acceptance of that email were also leaked to the media, it generated a fresh round of controversy and debate on the manner in which Tehelka had handled the entire issue and forced the managing editor to announce her decision to step down from her position with Tehelka as well. As she prepared to face the press regarding her resignation, the managing editor could not help but wonder what she could have done differently in handling this difficult situation.

Knauf Gips is a global leader in gypsum and related products. In 2009, the country manager for Iran was arrested for participating in anti-government protests during the “Green Revolution.” At the time, news media were reporting an increasing number of cases of imprisonment, torture and death of anti-government activists at the hands of Iranian security forces. Shortly afterward, Knauf’s regional director received a communique from Iranian officials demanding that Knauf direct all its employees to refrain from anti-government activities. In exchange, the country manager would be released. Also available is case supplement 9B14M092.

Supplement to 9B14M091.

As multinational enterprises expand operations in emerging economies, identifying and responding to unique marketing challenges may require strategy that focuses on local adaptation and global integration on a country by country basis. In March 2014, Tesco PLC (Tesco), the largest retailer in the United Kingdom and the third largest supermarket group in the world, has signed an agreement with Trent Hypermarkets, the retail division of the Tata Group, a leading Indian business conglomerate, for setting up a 50:50 joint venture (JV) in Indian retail. Tesco is committed to investing £85 million (US$110 million) as its share of capital. As it gets down to the basics of operating the JV, the management of Tesco, head quartered in London, United Kingdom, is facing three major dilemmas: How should Tesco sustain the advantage of being the first global multi-brand retailer to be allowed to invest in India? How should it fine-tune its tried and tested global business model to suit Indian retail? How could the company avoid the kind of failure it had experienced in the U.S. market, which it exited in April 2013?

961 Beer was founded in 2006 under political and economic adverse conditions in Lebanon. One of the first craft beer companies in the Middle East, it has developed from a home brewer into a hip Lebanese brand. To attract its target set of customers — highly educated, middle-class city-dwellers — the company has opened a pub in a popular entertainment area of Beirut where it offers free samples of its beers and encourages customers to taste and ask questions about the brewery process. It also addresses the needs of consumers with a strong interest in locally produced goods and caters to the local palate. However, the company faces competition from a long-entrenched brewery that has been bought by a major international beer conglomerate. Now, in February 2009, 961 Beer is selling beyond its capacity limits. The founder is confident about the business but has to decide on a strategy for the future. Should he consolidate or should he grow? What kind of strategy will allow the company to expand and to increase its customer base without compromising on quality and the values that make 961 Beer what it is?

While internationalization may present growth opportunities for Canadian small businesses, the challenges involved can be daunting. In August 2013 the founder and president of Maynooth Natural Granite was trying to decide whether he should expand his small business internationally. He was satisfied that he was able to turn his gravel pit into a well-recognized supplier of washed decorative rock in Ontario. However, the president was concerned that his success could be short-lived, as Ontario had a saturated gardening market. As he explored new international opportunities he must decide whether he would be able to replicate his success in the new markets while balancing the responsibilities of his Canadian business interests and his family life.

In 2013, the minister of state for tourism in India is contemplating the future of the “Incredible India” campaign. Started in 2002, the campaign had succeeded in turning India into a high-end tourist destination, as a result bringing about a growth of 16 per cent in the number of foreign visitors. Originally focused on landscape and culture, the campaign evolved to embrace such concepts as spiritual, medical, adventure, film and sports tourism on a year-round basis. In 2007, the campaign was extended to the international arena with participation in events in Berlin, Cannes, London and New York. In 2012, the culmination of over a decade of effort resulted in three awards at the World Travel Awards. Now, in 2013, uncertainties have multiplied. India has gained more familiarity among and acceptance from foreign tourists of diverse backgrounds, who now expect more differentiation in the choices available. To lure them, the tourism departments of several Indian states and union territories have begun to adopt their own advertising campaigns. Can Indian tourism, which is based on a unified branding approach, sustain its growth in the long run? Is it more advantageous to change to a system in which different tourism products and regions are branded distinctly?

On March 27, 2014, the new chief executive officer of Lululemon Athletica Inc., headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, has just announced the previous year’s flat fourth quarter results. These unimpressive financial figures have amplified the need to address the company’s damaged reputation. In 2013, the apparel brand faced a product recall and a public relations backlash after a controversial interview and botched apology by its founder, as well as the resignation of several key executive employees. A communications strategy must be devised to repair the company’s reputation and regain the trust of both investors and customers.

The case describes the merger of Air India and Indian Airlines, two national carriers. The due diligence predicted both airlines would survive and prosper amidst fierce global and domestic competition by leveraging combined assets and capital more efficiently and by building a stronger sustainable business. However, the merged entity suffered huge financial losses year after year, raising doubts about Air India’s continued existence. The case highlights various reasons for the merger failure as argued by the media, analysts and experts.

<p style="color: rgb(197, 183, 131);"><strong> AWARD WINNER -John Molson MBA Case Writing Competition</strong></p><br>GREENoneTEC, the global market leader in manufacturing flat plate solar thermal collectors, was facing new challenges: the potential market entry of Chinese low-cost competitors and a substitution threat from photovoltaics. The company’s founder and chief executive officer had developed GREENoneTEC from a garage start-up to the industry’s leading firm; however, GREENoneTEC’s research and development, production, quality, sales and distribution strategies, and diversification into other segments of the solar market would all have to be considered from new angles. How could GREENoneTEC create and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage in this changing and difficult environment?

Tata Motors, a leading automobile manufacturer in India, pro-actively responded to the changing competitive environment and redesigned its human capital strategy. As part of the new strategy, huge investments were made in revamping the learning and development function for Tata Motors employees. Multiple initiatives were launched to promote a learning culture, which also earned the company international recognition in the learning and development community. The challenge for Tata Motors is to evaluate the effectiveness of these initiatives in terms of their relative advantages and their ability to develop a learning culture in the organization. Effectively capturing and measuring these parameters is crucial for justifying future investments in learning and development.

Mother Dairy was created as a subsidiary of India’s National Dairy Development Board in 1974, with a mandate to leverage the capacities of small, village-based milk producers. After a very successful run as the major supplier of Delhi’s milk and dairy products, Mother Dairy is looking at an expanded national footprint as an essential strategy for growth. Milk is a commoditized product, so how can Mother Dairy create differentiation to move the consumer mindset from “mundane milk” to “magical Mother Dairy”? Is it possible to nudge out the existing state players? What would be the inventory and supply-chain challenges of a national launch, especially when the product has a very short shelf life?

On February 5, 2012, the founder of McDonald Kinley Emerson, a consultancy in Toronto, Canada, was asked to give a talk about country branding. She decided to focus on the efforts of Racepoint, a U.S. marketing services agency, to reshape the image of Rwanda. As it attempted to shift perceptions of the country from war-torn and chaotic, Racepoint’s campaign attracted controversy amid allegations that wrongdoings were being glossed over in favour of a tourist- and business-friendly image. In August 2011, the publication of documents outlining the contractual agreement between Racepoint and the current Rwandan government sparked scrutiny of the government’s perceived remaking of the country’s image. Can a country overcome its reputation for genocide and violence? Should countries actively use public relations tactics to change or reinforce their reputations in the same way that corporations do?

On the eve of the announcement of the results of India’s 2009 elections, a senior research analyst with a leading brokerage and investment house in India was trying to predict the possible outcomes of the election and to gauge their impact on the stock markets. The analyst wanted to recommend some optimal options strategies to his clients, as the outcome of events such as elections always led to high volatility and consequently high risks and returns. The formation of a majority government would likely give a significant boost to the markets, while the formation of a coalition government would likely have the opposite effect. The analyst was struggling to determine the kind of strategy (aggressive or defensive) he should suggest. He was working to help his clients make exponential profits in a short span of time without the fear of losing significant money.

The chairman and chief executive officer of China Merchants Bank (CMB) had led CMB through a decade of rapid development, implementing two transformations to save capital, develop culture and serve the financial needs of China’s new businesses and consumers. Notwithstanding successes, however, CMB’s capital constraint was biting and the stock market was punishing CMB’s shareholders. Slower domestic growth, an uncertain international economy and increased government regulation increased the challenge facing the chairman: to set CMB’s future strategy.<br><br> A <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwMdKTew4nE&feature=em-share_video_user>video is available for viewing online.

The general manager of an engineering solutions department at Robert Bosch Engineering India, a subsidiary of a major German supplier of automotive components, must expand his department from captive to non-captive (i.e., non-Bosch) business and grow rapidly. He believes that non-linear growth is feasible if he leverages competencies and talent built over the years within his division. He faces complex strategy execution challenges, including challenges related to funding, sales and marketing and the existing captive-oriented culture, in shifting from a captive to non-captive mode of business for growth. The automotive ecosystem, within India and abroad, is rapidly changing with its focus on high technology and offers opportunities while also posing threats. At the same time, senior management’s expectations for the general manager are high. He must decide whether to focus more on the development of non-linear products/services or on captive jobs in order to meet his firm’s revenue goal. He could also adopt a hybrid approach.