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This case examines fair value accounting under lAS 41 for a European-listed agricultural firm. Students identify the firm's core operations, distinguishing the IFRS treatment for three distinct assets: land; agricultural assets that reside on the land; and inventory harvested from the land. They also analyze key reporting decisions relating to the agricultural assets, which create frictions such that market value and book value do not converge despite the application of fair value for the majority of the firm's assets. The case also highlights how fair value accounting affects key valuation inputs such as earnings, and the implications for abnormal-earnings based valuation.

Established in 1908, General Motors ("GM") is a leading global automobile manufacturer. Though the company has maintained its global presence since 1931 and offers a vast range of brands, it is now considered a fading automotive manufacturing leader. GM witnessed a financial crisis in 1992 and successfully attempted to resuscitate its sales and earnings by implementing a revival plan. The success lasted for a decade, but the company observed fierce competition and declining global market share during this period. The company has since reported another loss in 2006. Dwindling sales figures, increasing competition and hefty staff costs are considered to be the key hurdles to GM's success. Furthermore, the introduction of a new pension accounting standard, the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 158, is expected to further deteriorate the financial performance of GM by recommending full recognition of pension surplus or deficit on the company's balance sheets. The management of GM is focusing on strategies to effectively manage the risks and returns of the pension schemes so that the new pension accounting standard does not adversely affect GM's financial performance.

Students must suggest ways to value intangible assets, including trademarks, acquired by Cisco in the Linksys acquisition.

Stone Group Corp., one of the largest electronics manufacturers and distributors in China, practices transfer pricing, an allocation process that assigns costs, sales revenue and gross profits to each of its five divisions. When a customer approaches the company with an order and requests a recommendation for a multimeter model, the general manager of the Instruments Division is asked to quote a transfer price for the multimeters. He must decide whether to sell some of his stock to another Stone division (losing the sales revenue, but perhaps gaining the gross profit needed to meet the division's monthly profit quota) or to keep the product in stock for possible sales (and greater revenue and profit) during the company's fourth quarter.

Korea Auto Insurance Co. Inc. (Korea Auto Insurance) incurred both direct and indirect costs. Direct costs were incurred at branches as they performed sales and operating activities, while indirect costs were incurred at headquarters as it supported branches through the activities of the information technology, operating support, investment, marketing and general administrative teams. Indirect costs accounted for a significant part (41 per cent) of the total costs incurred. However, they could be neither directly traceable nor logically related to specific sales activities. Korea Auto Insurance currently allocated indirect costs incurred by headquarters to branches based on sales revenue. Using the amount of sales revenue as an allocation base for overhead was not regarded as a reasonable method by the Taejon City branch manager. Branch managers had complained that the current allocation base was not related to the level of actual benefits they received from the headquarters. They argued that the allocation process distorted the operating performances of branches as reflected in the books. The manager of the Taejon branch suggested that the ABC (activity-based cost) method be applied to solve the problems related to the current overhead allocation process.

Spreadsheet supplement for case 909B14.

This case illustrates a comprehensive valuation of a firm specializing in the "speed dating" niche of the dating/entertainment industry. The founders of HurryDate, a small, privately-held firm, are considering options to fund future growth, including a full or partial sale of the firm. Students must assess the firm's strategy, the key risks and success factors associated with this industry, evaluate basic financial reports, assess the firm's past performance, estimate the firm's future performance, and make recommendations regarding the valuation of the firm. This exercise also highlights the challenges of valuing a small firm, where information and viable comparables are often limited or non-existent.

Spreadsheet Supplement for case 110035

The case reviews responses by governments, securities commissions and others to the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act. It discusses the certification of financial statements and internal controls, the role of boards and board committees, including the audit committee, and issues of auditor independence. The Canadian Public Accountability Board is also discussed.

This case illustrates the tension/balance that firms with complex and risky business models must consider in designing their internal controls. It describes the environment in which a derivatives trader engaged in massive directional positions on major European stocks and indexes without being detected for over a year. Although the case could be used to teach the basics of internal controls, it is likely to be more effective by eliciting a debate about how predictable the incident was, and whether or not there was anything fundamentally flawed about the company's choices in terms of strategy, control systems and culture. It also provides an opportunity to discuss the challenges of dealing jointly with a market-wide crisis (subprime) and a company-level crisis.

This case illustrates the tension/balance that firms with complex and risky business models must consider in designing their internal controls. It describes the environment in which a derivatives trader engaged in massive directional positions on major European stocks and indexes without being detected for over a year. Although the case could be used to teach the basics of internal controls, it is likely to be more effective by eliciting a debate about how predictable the incident was, and whether or not there was anything fundamentally flawed about the company's choices in terms of strategy, control systems and culture. It also provides an opportunity to discuss the challenges of dealing jointly with a market-wide crisis (subprime) and a company-level crisis.

Transworld Auto Parts had to implement its new strategy flawlessly to survive the auto industry upheaval. The new CEO asked her leadership team to craft strategy maps and balanced scorecards to help each division implement their strategies.

Supplements the (A) case.

Spreadsheet Supplement for case 110027.

This case deals with a joint venture in microinsurance in India between a leading global insurer, Allianz SE, and an Indian conglomerate, the Bajaj Group - part of a broader commercial centure in the Indian life and nonlife insurance sector. The Bajaj-Allianz joint venture is, in turn, engaged in joint ventures in the microinsurance sector with NGOs (notably CARE) and a leading microfinance institution, SKS, both designed to recuce the cost of microinsurance distribution and expand the size of the insurance pool. The case discusses the microinsurance industry and its role in improving the lives of the poor, problems of microinsurance underwriting and distribution, and the role of microinsurance in the strategies of the various parties involved.

A retail chain specializing in industrial equipment and supplies to commercial contractors is a victim of commercial crime, which has placed the business on the brink of financial collapse. A regional accounting firm has been contracted to investigate the nature of the crimes and make recommendations on what should be done. This case provides students with an introduction to the topics of commercial crime, forensic accounting, bankruptcy and financial statement analysis.

In September 2008, Andrew Ferris, an analyst with Papillion Capital LLC, was asked to evaluate Heartland Payment Systems, Inc.'s shares for possible inclusion in Papillion's Growth Service equity fund. Heartland, a provider of bank card payment services, had aggressively acquired new merchant accounts with an expanding direct sales force after its initial public offering (IPO) in 2005. It focused its expansion plans on restaurants, brick-and-mortar retailers, convenience and liquor stores, automotive sales, repair shops and gas stations, professional service providers, and lodging establishments. In January 2008, Heartland's management revised downwards its forecasted EPS guidance for 2008. The company compensated its sales force solely though commissions, based upon the performance of their merchant accounts. Avondale Partners noted that Heartland paid approximately 92 percent of the company's estimated gross profits generated from merchants' accounts, which resulted in little free cash flow during the initial year of a merchant's contract. Avondale questioned the company's policy of capitalizing and amortizing signing bonuses and monthly residuals, instead of expensing them immediately. In early 2008, Morgan Keegan & Co., an investment firm, maintained its price target for Heartland of $26-$29 per share.

Primo Benzina AG was a retail chain of petrol stations offering petrol, snacks, restaurant meals, and high-quality service in central Europe. The company began operations with four outlets and sales of €2.4 million in 2006, and grew to 24 outlets and sales of €38.1 million in 2009. The company's rapid growth in revenues was accompanied by declining profitability. Dresdner Bank reluctantly increased the maximum amount available to the company to €12 million from €10 million. In early 2010, Otto Schroder, Chief Executive Officer, and Annegret Heuermann, the company's chief financial officer, completed a review of the company's financial situation. The company's executives were unsure whether the new credit limit would permit the company to implement its growth strategy, since the company now had a limited amount of cash available to finance additional outlays for working capital and capital expenditures.

A senior accountant at Bristol-Myers Squibb has to assess the appropriateness of revenue recognition as the company has dramatically altered its relationships with its channel customers. The decision maker has to determine not only appropriateness but the right approach to deal with senior management on the issue.

This note provides an overview on accounting for property, plant and equipment under both Canadian GAAP and IFRS. It addresses recognition on property, plant and equipment, as well as impairment. Investment property is also addressed.