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Examines Webvan's operations and the processes by which it delivers groceries that were ordered from the Internet to customers' homes. Recounts Webvan's history from founding through early 2001 and concentrates on the unique approaches to warehousing, delivery, scheduling, and to a lesser extent, marketing and information technology. Also examines the rest of the Webvan business model and how it was formulated. At the time of the case, there is great pessimism, reflected in the press and the company's share price, that Webvan will be able to execute its business model profitably or even stay in business. Webvan's business model relied heavily on properly designed and executed operations, and it appears clear that the company's operations were neither. In addition, the mismatch between visiting operational capabilities and the operational requirements imposed by the rest of the business model appear to be severe.

As a manufacturer and distributor of agriculture equipment, as well as a broad range of construction and forestry equipment, Deere & Co. had a lot riding on the smooth flow of its logistics function. FedEx Logistics provided outsourced transportation services to 11 Deere facilities across North America. But with each of Deere's individual business units responsible for its own logistics activities, and with each unit negotiating a separate service agreement with the FedEx facility, costs and services tended to differ across the units. Deere's manager of logistics design asked a summer intern student to evaluate the company's logistics agreement with FedEx, with a view to identifying opportunities for standardizing costs and services across the business units. The logistics manager is expecting a report containing details of each operation's work flow and cost information, as well as some recommendations for updating Deere's outsourcing arrangements with FedEx Logistics.

Supplements the (A) case.

Meridco Magnesium is an international automotive parts supplier of magnesium die-cast components with manufacturing plants in Canada, the United States, and France. The company has a strong market position in North America; however, two of the three plants are not performing well. The vice president of the company's Global Technologies Organization division believes the weaker performance in the two plants is due to resistance to technological innovations. He must determine the reasons for this resistance and develop a plan to resolve the weak performance in the plants before the upcoming annual board meeting.

A global agribusiness company based in Brazil must develop a new strategy for worldwide operations.

Much has been made about how efficient it is to develop new products from independent, modular components. But 350 billion calculations on U.S. Patent Office data reveal that the true breakthrough products are more likely to come from designs that employ the far messier and more unpredictable interdependent parts.

Most companies do a great job promoting efficiency within their own walls, streamlining internal processes wherever possible. But they have less success coordinating cross-company business interactions. When data pass between companies, inconsistencies, errors, and misunderstandings routinely arise, leading to wasted work--for instance, the same sales, order entry, and customer data may be entered repeatedly into different systems. Typically, scores of employees at each company manage these cumbersome interactions. The costs of such inefficiencies are very real and very large. In this article, Michael Hammer outlines the activities and goals used in streamlining cross-company processes. He breaks down the approach into four stages: scoping--identifying the business process for redesign and selecting a partner; organizing--establishing a joint committee to oversee the redesign and convening a design team to implement it; redesigning--taking apart and reassembling the process, with performance goals in mind; and implementing--rolling out the new process and communicating it across the collaborating companies. The author describes how several companies have streamlined their supply-chain and product development processes. Plastics compounder Geon integrated its forecasting and fulfillment processes with those of its main supplier after watching inventories, working capital, and shipping times creep up. General Mills coordinated the delivery of its yogurt with Land O'Lakes; butter and yogurt travel cost effectively in the same trucks to the same stores. Hammer says this new kind of collaboration promises to change the traditional vocabulary of corporate relationships. What if you and I sell different products to the same customer? We're not competitors, but what are we? In the past, we didn't care. Now, we should, the author says.

Polymer Technologies Inc. are specialists in integrating metal and plastic to produce margin switches, relays and electromechanical products for the automotive industry. The program manager must decide whether or not to automate production of a component of power automobile seats called the seat switch substrate, and if the decision is made to automate, whether it should be done in-house or outsourced.

Polymer Technologies Inc. are specialists in integrating metal and plastic to produce margin switches, relays and electromechanical products for the automotive industry. The program manager must decide whether or not to automate production of a component of power automobile seats called the seat switch substrate, and if the decision is made to automate, whether it should be done in-house or outsourced.

Vicinity uses its Internet and m-commerce technology to help drive traffic into its customers' physical distribution outlets. The company has terrific technology and is seemingly successful in getting more consumers into its customers' stores, yet it is in a precarious position. To date, Vicinity has not been able to identify which consumers it has influenced to go to the retail outlets. Without this ability, Vicinity can continue to get subscription-based fees from its customers but cannot get the much needed transaction-based fees. At the time of the case, Vicinity is in an unstable financial position and is facing the difficult dilemma of "closing the loop" and positively identifying consumers at the point of sale.

Looks into the success factors in implementing a continuous quality improvement (CQI) initiative in a project called Pre-Operative Skin Preparation: Shaving and Pre-Operative Baths at Queen Mary Hospital (QMH) in Hong Kong. Using focus, analyze, develop, and execute (FADE) as a CQI model, the CQI unit's skin preparation project achieved the CQI objectives. The CQI unit's intention is to administer the same CQI model in other areas, one of which is the Food Wastage Minimization project. A critical factor in the implementation is how should the CQI unit move forward with other changes using CQI? How should the CQI unit respond to organizational resistance and managing professionals through change? The unit also has to consider where and how to collect data in determining areas for CQI application. What are the key elements to be considered to achieve the cooperation of everyone at QMH, or at least of critical decision makers?

After its spin-off from one of the world's largest ultrasound makers, Sonosite attempts to popularize a new kind of handheld ultrasound units. Sonosite needs to decide if it should focus on new markets that will value the portability and ease of use of its products, or if it should evolve its offerings so that they appeal to radiologists and cardiologists, the largest purchasers of ultrasound systems.

The largest hospital system in Wisconsin is trying to respond to new threats from nontraditional care providers. This case presents the hospital's dilemma as it tries to create change from within.

Jamcracker, a well-financed, young company is attempting to transform how IT services are delivered during a period of high-tech pessimism. Jamcracker is trying to popularize an "application service provider" (ASP) model of service delivery that will, if successful, take the industry to a new level of vertically disintegrated maturity. But it is a bold concept that it is selling to a cautious group of prospective buyers. The case poses questions about how to operationalize and sell the company's new service concept.

In mid-2000, United Technologies Corporation (UTC) was two years into a supplier development integration program. The major focus of this initiative was to strengthen relationships with "key" suppliers to fully leverage the supply chain. The qualities sought in the relationships included long-term commitments, confidential information sharing, cooperative continuous improvement efforts, and sharing risks and rewards. Both the nature of these relationships and the associated behaviors were new for UTC and represented a significant challenge. UTC believed it was making progress moving from supplier rationalization toward supplier integration. However, some UTC suppliers believed that they were not receiving any of the gains from these initiatives and viewed UTC as often focused only on cost cutting. UTC's Global Supply Management organization hoped to investigate individual supplier relationships and address supplier concerns. The objective was to assist high-potential suppliers so that they could improve their performance and, at the same time, align better with UTC's goals for a more productive and less costly set of reliable supply chain partners.

Performance measurement is an important part of supply chain management. Timely, accurate, and detailed performance monitoring can allow a company to detect problems early, diagnose causes of problems, and come up with interventions promptly. SeeCommerce provides an Internet-based solution so that companies in a supply chain can have visibility of performance measures throughout the supply chain. This case describes the value proposition that SeeCommerce creates through its solutions and how the Mopar Division of DaimlerChrysler was able to make use of the solutions to improve greatly the efficiency and customer service of service parts operations at DaimlerChrysler.

This is an MIT Sloan Management Review article. New research shows that among today's numerous strategic alliances, the most successful are in companies with a department specifically assigned to oversee alliances. Management professors Jeffrey H. Dyer, Prashant Kale, and Harbir Singh came to that conclusion after conducting an in-depth study of 200 corporations and their 1,572 alliances. They set out to discover why some companies manage alliances effectively when others fail. They found that organizations such as Hewlett-Packard, Oracle, Eli Lilly & Co., and Parke Davis, which excel at generating value from alliances, have a dedicated strategic alliance function. Companies with a dedicated function were better at solving problems related to the four key alliance management elements: knowledge management, external visibility, internal coordination, and accountability. A dedicated function, the authors show, acts as a focal point for learning and for leveraging feedback from prior and ongoing alliances. It systematically establishes processes to articulate, document, codify, and share alliance know-how. One benefit of creating an alliance function was that it compelled companies to create metrics for evaluating the performance of all their alliances. And regular evaluations alerted senior managers to intervene when a particular alliance was struggling. Many companies with dedicated alliance functions report codifying alliance management knowledge. They create guidelines to help with specific aspects of the alliance life cycle, such as partner selection or alliance negotiation. When done properly, dedicated alliance functions offer internal legitimacy to alliances, assist in setting strategic priorities, and draw on resources across the company.

Supplements the (A) case.

Supplements the (A) case.

Supplements the (A) case.