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This case uses a role-play approach to teach the concept of business process reengineering (BPR) and process mapping. Students assume different functional management roles of a fictitious company, ABC Inc., a smartphone manufacturing company in the electronics manufacturing services (EMS) industry. Due to small profit margins, the company requires a high inventory turnover involving lots of paperwork, resulting from frequent orders of small quantities of components. This purchasing practice will ensure there is a lower risk that components becoming obsolete reducing the burden on the company's cash flow. However, many suppliers now threaten to increase prices (and even cease doing business with ABC) because they have not received their payments within 30 days after goods delivery. To address the looming crisis, the General Manager decides to call a management meeting to identify how they can together best resolve the issue quickly. This case takes the perspectives of the Warehouse Manager, who joins the group discussion with four other roles: General Manager, Manufacturing Manager, Purchasing Manager, and Accounts Payable Manager.

This case uses a role-play approach to teach the concept of business process reengineering (BPR) and process mapping. Students assume different functional management roles of a fictitious company, ABC Inc., a smartphone manufacturing company in the electronics manufacturing services (EMS) industry. Due to small profit margins, the company requires a high inventory turnover involving lots of paperwork, resulting from frequent orders of small quantities of components. This purchasing practice will ensure there is a lower risk that components becoming obsolete reducing the burden on the company's cash flow. However, many suppliers now threaten to increase prices (and even cease doing business with ABC) because they have not received their payments within 30 days after goods delivery. To address the looming crisis, the General Manager decides to call a management meeting to identify how they can together best resolve the issue quickly. This case takes the perspectives of the Accounts Payable Manager, who joins the group discussion with four other roles: General Manager, Manufacturing Manager, Purchasing Manager, and Warehouse Manager.

Rougir Cosmetics International (RCI), founded in 2010 and with headquarters in California, experienced double-digit growth for several years. At a board meeting in June 2016, RCI's chief executive officer (CEO) announced a large new order that represented a major opportunity to further expand into the ever-growing home shopping cosmetic business sector. However, the firm did not have the capacity to meet this transaction along with its normal business production schedule. Therefore, the only short-term possibility was to outsource some work to a third-party supplier. RCI had tried to avoid this in the past because of the proprietary nature of the company's product line. The board cautioned the CEO and asked how much of the pending order might have to be subcontracted out. The CEO had one week to complete an analysis using RCI's new analytics-based resource management system, and provide a recommendation.

Rougir Cosmetics International (RCI), founded in 2010 and with headquarters in California, experienced double-digit growth for several years. At a board meeting in June 2016, RCI’s chief executive officer (CEO) announced a large new order that represented a major opportunity to further expand into the ever-growing home shopping cosmetic business sector. However, the firm did not have the capacity to meet this transaction along with its normal business production schedule. Therefore, the only short-term possibility was to outsource some work to a third-party supplier. RCI had tried to avoid this in the past because of the proprietary nature of the company’s product line. The board cautioned the CEO and asked how much of the pending order might have to be subcontracted out. The CEO had one week to complete an analysis using RCI’s new analytics-based resource management system, and provide a recommendation.

BrightView Plumbing and Heating (BrightView) was founded in 1997 to provide plumbing services for both residential and commercial customers. The founder's son joined the company in 2008 and implemented a new operational strategy. However, he soon discovered problems in the process and procedures. Although he was able to apply an effective system for warehousing products internally, by 2015, the day-to-day policies and operational activities were not proving to be efficient, and the cost of goods sold was rising at a higher rate than the increase in sales. The company encountered miscommunication between the appointment scheduling (dispatching) and the availability of parts. BrightView needed to resolve the issues by analyzing the current situation and developing recommendations for improvement.

BrightView Plumbing and Heating (BrightView) was founded in 1997 to provide plumbing services for both residential and commercial customers. The founder's son joined the company in 2008 and implemented a new operational strategy. However, he soon discovered problems in the process and procedures. Although he was able to apply an effective system for warehousing products internally, by 2015, the day-to-day policies and operational activities were not proving to be efficient, and the cost of goods sold was rising at a higher rate than the increase in sales. The company encountered miscommunication between the appointment scheduling (dispatching) and the availability of parts. BrightView needed to resolve the issues by analyzing the current situation and developing recommendations for improvement.

This case examines design choices in the construction of flow lines. Flow lines are a popular way of arranging production because they are simple and inherently efficient. Equipment or workstations are arranged according to the sequence of steps in which a product is made. Each step consists of a set of tasks that individually are minimum rational work elements. These are combined to form the work assignment associated with the step. The work follows the same sequence of operations as it moves down the line, and the sequence is fixed from batch to batch. The case setting is a production site in Hungary that is starting up the production of a personal beverage maker. Should the team implement a conveyor-paced line in preference to a manual pull system? An analysis of process steps and times gives students an opportunity to debate this question.

CareMore Health System-a physician-founded care delivery system and health plan-had developed and refined an innovative care model for at-risk seniors enrolled in Medicare managed care (i.e., Medicare Advantage) plans. CareMore's President, Sachin Jain, and his colleagues believed their model achieved the elusive goal of improving outcomes while reducing costs. A key mandate for Jain was to scale the CareMore model beyond its current 75,000 Medicare Advantage members in California, Arizona, Nevada, and Virginia. One approach to scaling was to maintain a focus on Medicare Advantage but expand into new geographic markets. Alternatively, CareMore could focus on serving new populations. For example, CareMore had recently started serving Medicaid (i.e., younger, low-income) patients in Tennessee and Iowa. This case allows for a discussion of whether diversifying to serve these new populations was the key to ensuring CareMore's successful growth or a distraction from its core competency of caring for seniors.

This supplement to CareMore Health System (A) discusses the company's early experience introducing its managed Medicaid model in the Des Moines, Iowa market. It also provides an update on the Memphis program discussed in the (A) case.

In 2017, the owner of Onnie Jewellers in Leamington, Ontario, and her daughter were preparing for their annual summer promotion event. Held in mid-August, the invitation-only summer promotion event at the store had become hugely successful and very popular with Onnie' Jewellers' clientele. The owner and her daughter were reviewing data from the previous year's event and discussing potential changes that would improve the customer's shopping experience.

In March 2017 David Stevens was taking questions in an open meeting with a local school board to discuss tax abatements for a new chemical plant. Stevens was the project manager for a proposed new chemical plant. The chemical plant was a joint venture (JV) between U.S. based Allied Chemical and Arachem Group, a Saudi Arabia chemical company. Stevens and the JV partners had been working on the plant location decision for more than two years. A final investment decision would be made in 2017 or 2018. The partners initially looked at more than 50 sites, primarily in Texas and Louisiana. The partners had narrowed the decision down to a site in Louisiana near Baton Rouge. Before an investment decision could be made the JV partners required tax abatements from the local government commissioners and the school board. As the meeting continued, Stevens thought about how the various stakeholders in the project and how the community response should be incorporated into the project investment decision.

This article develops a framework, including a 2 × 2 matrix, to help guide firms in deciding when to design their products to be integral, modular-in-production, modular-in-use with a focus on selling cartridges, or modular-in-use with a focus on promoting numerous apps. Three key factors are as follows: the level of user heterogeneity, the disparity across components in frequency of updating, and the modularity/integrality penalty.

In 2017, the owner of Onnie Jewellers in Leamington, Ontario, and her daughter were preparing for their annual summer promotion event. Held in mid-August, the invitation-only summer promotion event at the store had become hugely successful and very popular with Onnie’ Jewellers' clientele. The owner and her daughter were reviewing data from the previous year’s event and discussing potential changes that would improve the customer's shopping experience.

The material in this case presents Progressive Insurance as it faced important decisions regarding how to proceed with its usage-based insurance (UBI) initiatives, including the Snapshot device and related patents. Progressive had a head start on its competitors employing UBI pricing, but several competing insurance companies had been testing the waters with their own UBI products. In the case, Progressive considers a number of alternative uses of its patents for students to address.

The case describes the service system design of Transmilenio, Bogotá's award-winning mass transit system, in the context of violent riots that erupted on March 9, 2012. From the inception of operations in December 2000, Transmilenio, designed as a bus rapid transit system (BRT), was perceived as a success story. While initially complementing the traditional multi-actor bus system on a few routes, Transmilenio is expected to become Bogotá's dominant mass transportation system in the future. Despite a successful record, on March 9, 2012, a fierce protest against the Transmilenio system shocked the city of Bogotá. This protest turned into violent actions of unprecedented magnitude in several parts of the city, causing approximately US$500,000 in damages, 11 injured and dozens arrested. In the afternoon of March 9, 2012, Mateo Rodríguez, a Transmilenio's member of the board of director, was cited to an extraordinary board meeting in the next morning. It would have the main objectives of analyzing the recent events and making the decisions that Transmilenio was demanding at that moment, to face the riots. Preparing the meeting and set a position imply for Mr. Rodriguez an in-depth analysis of Transmilenio system, Transmilenio SA, and also understand the nature of BRT systems and their expected paths to create value in a context such as Colombia. Whatever Mr. Rodríguez decides, his recommendations can affect not only the continuity of operations in the coming days but also the design of this award-winning service system.

This is an MIT Sloan Management Review article. Thanks to emerging technologies like 3-D printing, manufacturers can offer consumers customized products and do so with unprecedented speed. Intrigued by a new product you saw in a YouTube video? Well, someday soon you may be able to personalize it, order it via the company's website, and have it in your hands in a matter of days. But to enable this phenomenon at scale, an entirely new model of supply chain is required.

In March 2016, the senior director of logistics and fulfillment at ShopClues.com, a leading online marketplace headquartered in Gurgaon, India, reflected on the positive turnaround in the company's logistics strategy. Until 2014, the company had depended on air transport for shipment delivery, which limited it to Tier 1, Tier 2, and a few Tier 3 cities. It had relied entirely on the few national courier services available. These services had high logistics costs and could not reach customers in some tier 3 and tier 4 cities, preventing these customers from placing orders and leading to dissatisfaction. ShopClues.com switched to surface transport and a network of third-party logistics service providers to meet its requirements in a cost-effective manner. With evolving customer expectations for online retail sales and fierce competition in the e-commerce market, could ShopClues.com become the first profitable e-commerce company with third-party logistics partnerships as the key enabler?

Suncrest Agribusiness Company (Suncrest), an agribusiness firm based in the Midwestern United States, was one of the largest seed manufacturers in the world. Seed corn (i.e., the seed that farmers purchased to grow corn in their fields) was the company's largest business segment in the North American market; yet the seed corn market was subject to both demand and supply uncertainty. Farmers chose whether to grow corn or a different crop based on the predicted prices for corn post-harvest, making the demand uncertain. The supply was similarly uncertain because the amount of seed that firms obtained from their fields was subject to random variations. In this challenging environment, Suncrest needed to develop a forecasting model that exploited available data to determine the optimal capacity to grow seed corn.

In March 2016, the senior director of logistics and fulfillment at ShopClues.com, a leading online marketplace headquartered in Gurgaon, India, reflected on the positive turnaround in the company’s logistics strategy. Until 2014, the company had depended on air transport for shipment delivery, which limited it to Tier 1, Tier 2, and a few Tier 3 cities. It had relied entirely on the few national courier services available. These services had high logistics costs and could not reach customers in some tier 3 and tier 4 cities, preventing these customers from placing orders and leading to dissatisfaction. ShopClues.com switched to surface transport and a network of third-party logistics service providers to meet its requirements in a cost-effective manner. With evolving customer expectations for online retail sales and fierce competition in the e-commerce market, could ShopClues.com become the first profitable e-commerce company with third-party logistics partnerships as the key enabler?

Suncrest Agribusiness Company (Suncrest), an agribusiness firm based in the Midwestern United States, was one of the largest seed manufacturers in the world. Seed corn (i.e., the seed that farmers purchased to grow corn in their fields) was the company’s largest business segment in the North American market; yet the seed corn market was subject to both demand and supply uncertainty. Farmers chose whether to grow corn or a different crop based on the predicted prices for corn post-harvest, making the demand uncertain. The supply was similarly uncertain because the amount of seed that firms obtained from their fields was subject to random variations. In this challenging environment, Suncrest needed to develop a forecasting model that exploited available data to determine the optimal capacity to grow seed corn.