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This technical note covers statistical models such as scorecards, decision trees, random forest models, and neural networks for decision making. The Basel II framework and Rete algorithm are also expressed. This technical note is best used with product 9B17M177.

Organizational design is one of the basic building blocks of control, because it reflects the division of resources and the assignment of responsibility throughout the firm. In particular, each organizational unit headed by a manager can be considered a responsibility center.

A budget is a tool that allows an organization to put its strategy into financial terms. It can be described as the financial plan for the organization. The organization as a whole will prepare a profit plan, and it will also be concerned with investment in assets needed to achieve that plan and with cash flow being sufficient to support that plan. So it will typically have a profit plan, a capital budget, and a cash budget, which together will eventually result in a set of forecasted financial statements-an income statement, a balance sheet, and a statement of cash flow. This note focuses on the organization's profit plan.

This note serves as an overview of the Entrepreneurial Management Unit's required curriculum course, "The Entrepreneurial Manager (TEM)." General management has been a core educational organizing framework at the Harvard Business School since its inception. Today TEM provides a powerful context in which to learn about general management. TEM seeks to build the knowledge, skills, tools, frameworks, and attitudes required to succeed as a manager. These tools and frameworks are built upon the foundation of other RC courses at HBS, including TOM, LEAD, LCA, FRC, MKTG, STRAT, and FIN. With an aim to "educate leaders who make a difference in the world," TEM integrates the lessons of your RC year into an overall framework to help general managers at all types of organizations (e.g., small companies, large companies, non-profits, and public servants) become more effective at enhancing the value of those organizations.

This note provides an overview of the snacking industry in 2017.

Performance measurement is at the heart of management. How a manager's performance is measured strongly influences that manager's decisions and how that manager spends his or her time. If you tell the manager you are going to evaluate him or her based on some performance measure and you choose the right performance measure, you'll likely get what you want. But if you choose the wrong one, you can send things in the wrong direction. What gets measured gets attention.

In June 2017, the U.S. president had made a statement regarding his stance on Cuba-U.S. relations. Business leaders were very attentive, as his actions could impact the softening U.S.-Cuban relations started by his predecessor in 2016. A recent MBA graduate in Canada and an avid cigar smoker, viewed this scenario and wondered what effect it would have on the current environment, and if there was potential in the Cuban cigar industry. With an inheritance of $1 million coming available in the next month, he thought back to his strategy sessions and looked to evaluate this industry.

This technical note provides descriptions of the basic forms of organizational structure and the conditions under which each organizational design choice might be made.

This technical note provides descriptions of the basic forms of organizational structure and the conditions under which each organizational design choice might be made.

In June 2017, the U.S. president had made a statement regarding his stance on Cuba-U.S. relations. Business leaders were very attentive, as his actions could impact the softening U.S.-Cuban relations started by his predecessor in 2016. A recent MBA graduate in Canada and an avid cigar smoker, viewed this scenario and wondered what effect it would have on the current environment, and if there was potential in the Cuban cigar industry. With an inheritance of $1 million coming available in the next month, he thought back to his strategy sessions and looked to evaluate this industry.

While the first decade of the 21st century saw a massive financial crisis that led to significant economic downturn, the second decade saw the rise of political leaders, who built their support upon a political message that championed the common person against the collective enemy - the political and economic elite. Historically, waves of populism were infrequent and occurred almost exclusively in developing nations. However, not seen since the pre-World War II years had populist leaders gained such a following throughout the developed world - in countries with the strongest democracies. Driven heavily by growing inequality and degrading trust in institutions, populist leaders took global elections by storm. Populist movements raised the fundamental question of the role of business in the development of the conditions for the genesis of these movements, especially in relation to inequality, and how business would respond to subsequent government interventions that reduced the freedom of markets.

Every manager faces the problem of motivating employees to show up to work, focus on the assigned task, and work hard. In the absence of strong motivations to work or close monitoring by managers, employees tend to shirk, a phenomenon that economists call 'moral hazard'. In view of this problem, the worker's employment contract should be designed so that a part of the payoff (both monetary and non-monetary) is conditional on performance. In tasks where the manager can directly observe and monitor the worker's effort, designing such a conditional contract is easy. For example, a salesperson is offered a bonus directly depending upon the number of items he sells. However, when the effort is not so easily observable, overcoming potential moral hazard becomes harder. Using different policy experiments conducted with teachers in India, Kenya and United States, this case study explores how to motivate school teachers to turn up for class, teach well and put in maximum effort towards educating their students.

Survival analysis refers to a collection of statistical techniques used to analyze the occurrence and expected timing of events. Survival analysis can provide not only the probability of an event of interest occurring, but also the time at which the event is likely to occur. A particularly useful application of survival analysis is in the area of "customer churn"—the loss of clients or customers—which is a major concern in many industries. This note introduces survival analysis and discusses two approaches to examine customer churn: the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Cox proportional hazards model. Instructions are provided on how to build these models in Microsoft Excel, without add-ins.

Survival analysis refers to a collection of statistical techniques used to analyze the occurrence and expected timing of events. Survival analysis can provide not only the probability of an event of interest occurring, but also the time at which the event is likely to occur. A particularly useful application of survival analysis is in the area of "customer churn"-the loss of clients or customers-which is a major concern in many industries. This note introduces survival analysis and discusses two approaches to examine customer churn: the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Cox proportional hazards model. Instructions are provided on how to build these models in Microsoft Excel, without add-ins.

This technical note explains what blockchain is, what it allows, as well as discusses its advantages and potential issues to consider further. It also provides an example of an application in which blockchain technology is used and describes regulatory and governance considerations. It can be used in a financial institutions or fintech course along with a case on digital currencies.

As exercising is to physical fitness, networking is to relational fitness, i.e., the health and resilience of your networks of social and professional contacts requires consistent attention. This case outlines a process by which to establish an approach to networking that is long-term, strategic, and semi-automatic-i.e., how to develop a networking habit.

Networking can be incredibly effective, with research suggesting that people who receive training in the field are more likely to receive promotions and top evaluations. Yet many people misunderstand the term, thinking it means attending an occasional cocktail party or posting comments on Facebook. The investment model of networking, by contrast, approaches the creation of social capital as an investor would tend to a portfolio. In this case students examine the principals of networking like an investor through the lenses of three career professionals who haven't yet reached their networking potential.