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Two life-long friends, one a doctor and one a business professional, joined forces to set up Eye-Q Super Specialty Hospitals in 2007. Driven by their shared goal of bringing superior quality eye care to places where such services were desperately needed, the partners chose to operate in the small towns and cities across India. Both men believed in a vision that combined a socially driven business model with a commercially viable enterprise, and they had experienced great success with this model during their first seven years of operation. In January 2014, as they charted out Eye-Q Super Speciality Hospitals' plans for growth, the partners decided to expand the organization's reach from 30 to 125 hospitals over the upcoming five years. Was this growth expectation realistic? What strategy would best suit this objective?

The Ministry of Manpower in Singapore is designing a new employment pass processing centre. Working with a lean-thinking approach and using previous centers as a template, the project team proceeds to plan an updated version with faster processing times and improved interiors. Unexpectedly, plans grind to a halt as the civil servant in their line of reporting raises some crucial queries that call into question the very basis of the new centre's lean and optimal design. Time is of the essence and the project head is now faced with two very tough options: proceed with minor incremental changes that may not meet expectations, or go for a complete redraft which requires time and capabilities that the team may not possess. Which will be his choice? The case stops here to allow a class discussion to evaluate the two options on how to proceed. This provides an ideal setting to discuss how to manage a new-to-the-firm design-thinking project.

Rideau Artisanal Chandlery (RAC) manufactures and sells a large range of artisanal candles through a variety of specialty retailers in Canada and parts of the United States. It has gained market leadership by constantly adding innovative scents to its product line. The recent addition of its own online store is causing conflicts within RAC between the head of the sales operation in charge of servicing RAC's distributors and the head of RAC's online operation. The lower prices charged by the online store are seen as a threat to the traditional channel, but the online store has shown rapid growth and yields higher margins.

For several decades, the classical music industry has been in decline with demand down, costs up and profits shrinking as many orchestras struggle for survival. Against this backdrop, André Rieu and his Johann Strauss Orchestra stand apart. Instead of competing like all the other orchestras, André Rieu has reconstructed market boundaries between classical music and pop concerts, creating a blue ocean of vast new demand. Rieu and his orchestra have stayed on the Billboard Top 25 Tours list for nearly 2 decades, right alongside the likes of Bruce Springsteen and Justin Bieber. His CDs and DVDs have sold more than 40 million copies versus 10,000 copies for a top classical music CD. This case reviews the competitive practice of the classical music industry and illustrates how Andre Rieu gained insight into unlocking new demand by looking to noncustomers of classical concerts, and how Rieu reconstructed industry boundaries and created new market space, making the competition irrelevant. The case comes with a teaching note that reviews major concepts and frameworks of competitive strategy and blue ocean strategy in the context of the case and provides answers to the questions for class discussions. Additional case material includes a lecture slide pack, and two short videos, which can be downloaded for teaching purposes from https://www.blueoceanstrategy.com/teaching-materials/andre-rieu/ The case material is also available in Chinese and Korean.

In May 2012, private equity firm KKR is considering the buyout of WMF group (WMF), a diversified kitchenware and professional coffee machine manufacturer headquartered in Geislingen, Germany. The deal seems a potentially compelling investment opportunity, with various options for value creation - expanding WMF's well-established brand to other geographies as well as reducing costs. Priorities must be set, however, to generate an attractive return by the end of the investment period. The deal team has to decide which business segments are worth putting more resources into and which to divest, which brands should be kept and which to trim off, and how to take up any operational slack without affecting the overall strategy.

This case describes how an intrapreneur helped Credit Suisse launch a commercially viable impact investing business in Asia. It specifically details the investment strategy and process for a new impact fund aligning social impact objectives with commercial goals of the bank. It also presents two new investment opportunities needing evaluation.

This case illustrates solutions to a) the vexing problem of how to stop counterfeit luxury goods from being sold on the Internet; and b) the larger issue of how to sell lots of pre-owned personal luxury goods without fear of undermining their lofty prices. When the "fake luxury goods" problem first appeared in the mid-2000s, brands like L'Oreal, Hermès and Tiffany responded by taking one of the biggest online marketplaces, eBay, to court. The big brands won millions in damages and dragged eBay's name through the mud for years to come. But on the sidelines were three different sets of entrepreneurs, almost all French, who saw in this scandal the opportunity of a lifetime. Separately they launched three competing digital platforms where pre-owned luxury products can be bought and sold on the condition that they are fully authenticated by experts. While all three are still in business, the company that started with six co-founders has been the most successful. This case examines the role of all six people and why eight years later the two "techies" were able to leave the company on good terms.

In early December 2013, Roxann Biller, Associate at the Chicago-based private equity firm Delta Quantitative Real Estate Capital, was asked to assess the risk associated with the firm's first potential overseas investment. Haifu Sent? Gendaino (HSG) was a large multi-tenant logistics property located in the Gaikando area of Tokyo. High-quality tenants currently occupied the property, so at first glance the risks of investing in the property seemed minimal. However, Biller knew that she had to consider the potential drawbacks. This would mean gaining a better understanding of each tenant, trying to forecast the future condition of the Tokyo logistics market, and considering what new risks her firm would face because the property's cash flows were in a foreign currency.

Coca-Cola was one of the first MNCs to enter post-reform China. The soft-drink manufacturer established robust market share on the back of a strong brand. Chinese consumer preferences, however, gradually changed: they preferred "healthy" drinks over soft drinks. As a result, Coca Cola's competitive position eroded as foreign and domestic competitors released new products. After a failed high-profile M&A attempt, Coca-Cola faced a strategic challenge: develop new products in-house or attempt to acquire them?

IBM's strategy in China was to go it alone. The company researched, produced, and distributed its own products. The Chinese government, however, viewed technology as a key factor for economic growth and national competitiveness: it wanted to promote technology transfer between foreign technology firms and domestic firms. As IBM's business and ambitions in China grew, it would have to make a decision: would it compete and cooperate with local firms?

The data-driven manufacturing system at this Chinese bespoke mens' suit manufacturer illustrates the use of information technology to support mass customization in a largely manual production environment. It contrasts sharply with some of the Industrie 4.0 automation-heavy approaches taken in some Western companies. Thus the case seeks to unpack the essence of a data-driven mass customization approach that is more suited to small and medium enterprises.

In 1993, three consultants at different stages in their careers must decide how to respond to what they considered to be unethical behavior from a partner at their firm. They each considered the potential consequences of reporting a senior colleague and the impact it could have on their careers.

This case explores the industry-wide lack of employee diversity in the technology sector, and Yelp's decision to take a leadership position in identifying strategies to increase diversity. The goal of the case is to provide an opportunity for students to develop a framework for understanding the factors that might lead to a less diverse workforce, and for evaluating approaches to increase diversity. The case opens in 2014, when Yelp hired Rachel Williams into a newly created position - the Head of Diversity and Inclusion. Rachel was tasked with developing strategies to ensure that Yelp was attracting and retaining a diverse, productive workforce, and creating a welcoming environment for all employees. The case puts students in Rachel's footsteps upon being hired, and tasks them to propose a set of changes for Yelp to make to increase the diversity of the workforce.

In July 2017 Cumulus Media, owner of a nationwide network of 447 radio stations and a syndicated content provider to another 8,200 radio stations, was carrying over $2 billion of debt due to recent acquisitions and shifts in the radio broadcasting industry. Operating cash flow had shrunk by about a third for the 12 months ending March 31, 2017 versus the same period in 2016, following an additional two years of significant declines. Led by Mary Berner, an experienced media executive, Cumulus had established programs to improve employee satisfaction, attempted to refinance Cumulus's term loan, and revamped the company's sales strategy. But at the end of June 2017, it was not clear whether Berner's efforts would be enough to turn Cumulus around.

First Respond is a for-profit Chinese social enterprise focused on developing emergency services with the mission of making China a safer place. In China, there is a severe lack of first aid awareness and systems, and to fill this gap, First Respond delivers first aid training, products and services, and solutions to both businesses and individuals in the private and public sectors. They also provide in-race first aid service for marathons. Looking to the future, key challenges include how to most effectively communicate their social mission to stakeholders and how to best sell their products and services in China, a market with a number of institutional barriers to public safety. Case number 2103.0

Transport for London is in charge of an extensive network of Underground (metro) stations, some of which are more congested than others. This case looks at capacity planning, with the heavy-traffic Victoria Station as its primary focus. The case provides an overview of the main activities an Underground rider must carry out to either enter the station and eventually board the train, or else alight from the train and exit the station. The case provides that quantitative data - such as passenger volume, process capacity and throughput - necessary to assess the bottleneck and opportunities to enhance circulation. The case provides some preliminary analysis as to the causes of the station's congestion, with students expected to conduct their own, more in-depth assessment using the data provided. Case number 2109.0

As the retail industry in Chinese Mainland is facing a difficult economic climate, with the continuous decline of major retail indicators since 2016, strategic transformation in the mobile Internet era has become an urgent task and a common source of anxiety among many traditional firms. Retailers have turned to a new concept: the O2O (online-to-offline) "New Retail" model. This model leverages the advantages of the Internet-borderless coverage, real-time communication, massive quantities of data, and improved targeting-while utilizing offline capabilities, with the aim of seamlessly integrating online advantages (such as pricing) and offline advantages (such as service). This enables retailers to expand the service radius of transactions through the Internet, and widen the selection of products and services for customers. The Chairman of Ting Hsin International Group, Wei Yingxing, is beginning to consider whether the company's convenience store retail chain FamilyMart, a consistently excellent performer offline, should also explore the O2O "New Retail" model. The challenge will be how to leverage the nine million members of the Maxxipoint Card scheme that FamilyMart has created for its offline customers, and bring these customers online. Wei has asked FamilyMart's Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Lin Jianhong, to present a plan to the board within a month. This means that Lin has only one month to weigh the various issues and figure out whether FamilyMart should take its retail business online, and, if so, to determine what strategy to follow and how to implement it.

Unlike its rival Airbus, Boeing used a practice called program accounting to record its commercial aircraft expenses since the 1980s. Program accounting allowed Boeing to expense estimated average costs instead of the actual production costs of an aircraft. This practice lowered the effect of the initially high costs of manufacturing new aircraft models on Boeing's profitability and reflected potential learning efficiencies that could drive down manufacturing costs over time. By 2016, Boeing had deferred about $27 billion in production costs related to its 787 program. If Boeing had been forced to expense these costs, it would have shown profits of $1.4 billion between 2012 and 2016 instead of $25.2 billion, raising questions about Boeing's true profitability.

Over 10% of all 2017 university graduates in Japan used GROW, an artificial intelligence platform and mobile app developed by Tokyo-based people analytics startup IGS, to recruit for a job. This case puts participants in the shoes of IGS founder and CEO Masahiro Fukuhara, a first-time entrepreneur, as he considers the varied ways the "big data" he is collecting is being used--and whether some uses promised more meaningful (or less potentially misleading) impact than others. After briefly introducing IGS, Fukuhara, and GROW, the case outlines exactly how GROW works, starting with a mobile app to assess competencies and personalities of candidates and ending with artificial intelligence (machine learning) to produce high-quality recommendations to companies about whom they should hire. The case then articulates precisely how three companies--airline ANA (All-Nippon Airways), global conglomerate Mitsubishi Corporation, and advertising/media company Septeni--use GROW in very different ways to manage talent recruiting, screening, hiring, placement, and development. The case asks students to consider two questions: (1) Which of the three company's approach to using people analytics for talent acquisition and development is most appealing (or most concerning)?; and (2) Should Fukuhara turn on the most advanced part of the artificial intelligence engine, allowing GROW not just to provide recommendations to clients about whom they should hire, but also (based on performance and attribute data of previous hires) to overrule clients' specifications (or biases) about the competencies they should be targeting in their ideal hires?

The case raises issues around sales force deployment and management issues in the SaaS industry. Specifically, VTS sells a software product to the real estate industry, and has designed a Go_to_Market strategy for what the founders perceive to be the unique characteristics of that industry, and the way in which those factors contribute to the importance of referrals to VTS's sales. In the case, the founders are considering changing some aspects of their strategy including: sales force compensation, where a change from a team-based incentive comp system to a ore individualistic system is under consideration; sales force specialization where specialization by account size or stage of the selling / buying process is under consideration; and, sales management roles & responsibilities, where a change in the role of senior management from quota-carrying sales rep AND sales team leader to simply team leader, with no quota, is being considered.