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In recent years, there has been a major shift in the dining preferences of consumers, more so, after the current Covid-19 crisis. Considering safety and hygiene, now, consumers would rather enjoy food in the comfort of their homes as against dining out. This change has completely revolutionized the food service industry, to the extent that some restaurateurs are finding it challenging to adapt to this sudden development. At the same time, this shift has offered great opportunity for cloud kitchens. The case demonstrates the strategies that the growing businesses in the food service industry can adopt during such times, to make decisions in terms of expansion, selecting ordering channels, and managing their employees and customers.

In the quarter ending March 2022, Apple Inc. (Apple)'s share in the Chinese smartphone market fell to 17.9 per cent from 21.7 per cent in the previous quarter. Business analysts attributed the falling share to weak consumer sentiments; a lack of innovations; and major supply-side headwinds, including frequent COVID-related lockdowns in China, power shortages, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and the trade and technology war between the United States and China. Apple needed to identify strategies to gain a leading share in the Chinese market. In the face of demand- and supply-side adversities in China, it also needed to reconsider its supply chain and manufacturing base. Should Apple keep its supply chain concentrated in China, to reap the benefits arising from the economies of scale in the production process? Or should it pursue geographic diversification for its supply chain, to protect itself from the major problems hovering on the horizon?

How would Cummins Inc., a global leader in internal combustion engines, map out a strategy for the great energy transformation ahead-one that would grow the company while addressing the twin challenges of climate change and the world's insatiable need for power? Cummins Inc., founded in 1919, had become a leading designer, manufacturer, and distributor of internal combustion engines, power generation systems, and related parts and technologies. The case study discusses the strategic thinking behind Cummins' goal of Destination Zero, the company's zero-emissions target for 2050, and the interim steps, partnerships, innovation, and customer education needed to reach that goal. Cummins technology was integral to light-duty trucks, medium-duty trucks, heavy-duty trucks and buses; the company's engines were widely used in industries such as construction, mining, marine, and oil & gas. Major customers included original equipment manufacturers such as Daimler Benz, Navistar, Volvo, Paccar, and Tata. Evolving the Cummins product portfolio would require a series of interim goals, and juggling continual improvements to core engine products while building out zero-emissions solutions.

Sigma Ventures is a venture capital (VC) firm that invests in technology, intelligent manufacturing, healthcare, and consumer services companies in their early and growth stage. In late 2017 Li Yuan, Sigma Ventures' founder and managing partner, needed to decide whether a startup called Isolimit was worth investing in. If so, then Isolimit was to be valued. The case describes how Sigma Ventures assessed Isolimit's team, market, and technology and shows how Sigma used the venture capital method to evaluate its potential investment. Specifically, the case discusses three aspects of early-stage venture capital investments: (1) How should venture capital firms evaluate early-stage startups? (2) What is the logic of the venture capital method? (3) How should venture capital firms apply the venture capital method to determine the percentage stake they should receive in exchange for their investment?

In May 2021, Discovery, Inc. announced the acquisition of WarnerMedia from AT&T, with David Zaslav to become the Chief Executive Officer of the new consolidated media giant, which would be called Warner Bros. Discovery. Now, the company and new leadership face the simultaneous issues of immediate debt servicing concerns as well as longer-term trends leading to the decline of demand for cable television. With the consolidation, there was also organizational restructuring, which included a steep reduction in headcount as well as brutal, decisive cuts of less profitable business lines.

This case explores the opportunities and challenges associated with expanding the operations of a complex entrepreneurial business model. It highlights how cultural aspects of different geographies impact a startup's operational and economic models. The case also debates the considerations of expanding operations internationally versus penetrating new customer segments within a company's existing market. Lastly, the case presents the tensions that may exist between investors and entrepreneurs in deciding the desired course of action.

Jill Herzog founded Caring@Work Support Services (Caring@Work) in 2014 with a desire to give back to the community. After running a successful plastics recycling business for many years and building goodwill in both her community and in the recycling industry, Herzog saw an opportunity to start a second business dedicated to social impact, one that focused on providing both paid work and support services for clients with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Herzog expected that her team members would be highly engaged in their work, which involved helping people with disabilities live healthier and happier lives. However, she was shocked to find out that the opposite was true. Herzog noted several instances of Caring@Work employees lacking motivation and spreading gossip. Even more problematic was the fact that the service provided to the clients was being compromised, and employees frequently failed to complete the required note taking for Medicaid reimbursements. Herzog wondered if her goal of giving back to the community while earning a modest profit would ever be realized. Were the problems due to her leadership style? Were there larger, more systemic problems precipitating the counterproductive workplace behaviour? Clearly, something had to change. After eight years in business, Caring@Work had yet to earn a profit. Herzog knew that her business could not grow to the point of being financially sustainable without a committed workforce that shared her passion for the company's mission. When one of Caring@Work's top performers, Sylvia Ward, threatened to leave due to the toxic work environment, Herzog knew she needed to act fast. Over the weekend, she drafted a speech to deliver at the next staff meeting on Monday, but she wondered if this was the right approach. Would the speech alienate her workforce even further? Or might it urge them to take their jobs more seriously?

Dabba Chetty Shop was a small unique retail shop in Chennai, India that had been in operation for four generations. For more than a century, the shop had sold natural and processed materials to customers who used alternative medicines for well-being. The shop's strong reputation was based on the quality of the materials sold. Key factors for success included the ability to identify and reliably procure materials, having an intimate knowledge of various natural ingredients and processed goods, providing appropriate quality, and maintaining strong customer relationships. The continued success of Dabba Chetty Shop over four generations was primarily attributable to the family's emphasis on customer service and wellness, rather than on increasing profits. During the pandemic, Koonala Badrinath, the shop's current owner, used the Indian postal service to fulfill customer orders. With the growing demand for his shop's products from consumers outside the region and across the world, he was considering expanding the shop's services to customers in different locations, especially the numerous Indian diaspora consumers residing abroad.

This case examines a fictional hedge fund manager's decision about whether to maintain his fund's position in bitcoin. It provides an opportunity for students to develop an investment thesis for or against bitcoin, evaluate alternative ways to gain exposure to bitcoin, and consider bitcoin's economic function (e.g., as a currency or commodity). The case can be used in an MBA elective course on fintech, capital markets, or investments.

In this field-based case, the City of Philadelphia's Office of Transportation, Infrastructure, and Sustainability is deciding how best to improve safety and move more people and goods in a way that would provide economic opportunities on a major corridor. The problem-solving opportunities in the city's repaving process set the stage for an exploration of creative problem-solving and introduction of the concept of subtraction neglect. The case opens with the director of the Office of Complete Streets thinking about all the options for the major corridor and considering tensions around how each stakeholder might perceive change on Washington Avenue. The director's team engages with numerous city departments, businesses, and community members for input around potential changes that would culminate in proposed lane reconfiguration options to present publicly. The team starts going through the transportation planners' toolbox of what is possible: What are the priorities? What will each cost? Will they be easily incorporated into the paving project? And if the team had play money to put toward the different improvements, where would it put it? This case is suitable for MBA and undergraduate organizational behavior or strategy courses. It could be used at the end of the module about problem-solving, making change, and removing complexity. This case can also be used to teach students about managing stakeholders with different interests and goals. Firms across industries seek managers with skill in problem-solving, and as such, this case could also be used in a broader introductory organizational behavior, innovation, design-thinking, creativity, human resources, or strategy course.

On April 20, 2010, Valerie Jarrett, Senior Advisor and Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs and Public Engagement, was sitting in her office in the West Wing. The split screens on her muted television in her office were, as usual, tuned to news channels to scan for breaking news. She looked up at the breaking news scroll and saw what appeared to be an oil rig fire. "I im-mediately called in my Chief of Staff and asked him to find out the details. Because if it was in America, it was going to become our problem," said Jarrett. She soon learned that a powerful ex-plosion rocked the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig, located about 40 miles off the coast of Louisi-ana. The rig was on fire and more than a dozen workers were unaccounted for after the blast. While the Coast Guard assumed the task of coordinating the emergency response, President Obama called on Jarrett to directly managing the political response. The case goes on to describe Jarrett's leadership actions-specifically, the measures she took to manage the White House's relationship to the governors of the five states affected by the spill, from the date of the explosion through the event's conclusion. HKS Case Number 2265.0.

Neeraj Bakshi, who bought a vodka distillery in 2019 in Mississauga, Ontario, had big dreams for the distillery and purchased a 2.5-hectare property in Welland, Ontario, to increase its production capacity. Bakshi had invested significantly in NB Distillers, which now produced three types of vodka, two types of whisky, and one type of gin, and he wanted to see nothing but success. He had advertised on billboards, bus shelters, and radio, but he wanted to spend his communication budget more strategically and was open to trying new ideas. Now, in May 2021, he needed answers to several important questions: What audience segment should NB Distillers target? How should Bakshi position the distillery? What other promotional tools might help him achieve greater brand awareness?

In 2017, Fatih Uysal (AMP 2021) became CEO of Kariyer.net. By then, the business was already the industry leading online job board in Turkey. However, faced with stalling growth, a turbulent macroenvironment, and growing competition from international players, Uysal kicked off a transformation of the business from an online job board to a horizontally diversified recruitment company, powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI). The case chronicles the transformation, highlighting new AI-driven tools built both for internal use and as products to be sold. The case also describes two new business lines (employer branding services/ virtual job fairs, and an online tech-talent job board coupled with training services) that showed potential to become new core products. By 2023, Uysal and his team were targeting doubling revenue and growing the contribution of non-job ad revenues from 30% to 50% of the total over the next three years. Uysal and his team were constantly balancing exploring promising new products and verticals against doubling down on those generating revenue today. In order to reach their financial targets, Uysal and his team were debating not only which product(s) to pursue but how to do so efficiently.

A traditionally mono-brand menswear luxury company faces growing competition from international groups and changes its brand focus from formal wear to leisure wear.

Chile, often considered among Latin America´s greatest economic success stories, suffered a shocking wave of protests in October 2019, as its citizens demanded reforms across healthcare and education systems, and protested inequality and rising costs of living. As Chileans and outside observers reviewed the situation, many reflected on the country's long history of inequality as the underlying source for public frustration. Chile´s inequality had declined since the late 1990s, largely due to previous governments' commitment to free market policies and economic growth. The country benefitted from a robust business sector that was open to international trade, and from a large and thriving middle class. Yet, Chileans were clearly angry, and their outrage now threatened to ruin the country's robust economy and political stability. Meanwhile, a growing number of observers became concerned and inspected the role that Chile's business sector had played in the country's successes and failures. Although business drove growth, it was also the sector that had escaped the troubles that beset so many other parts of the country. Moreover, Chile´s economic performance in 2022 was lackluster. What had gone amiss with one of Latin America's most successful economies? And who had the power, and responsibility, to make changes?

On December 15, 2020, the chief executive officer (CEO) of Australian event-staging company Stagekings Pty. Ltd. (Stagekings) was honoured with a SmartCompany Resilience award. Speaking at the event, he reflected on the dreadful day of Friday March 13, 2020, when a lockdown was announced due to COVID-19. In the 48 hours following this announcement, Stagekings lost all its live-event jobs. Sick to the core, the CEO decided to post an open letter asking Australians what they needed the most. Addressing many requests from people working from home, Stagekings rapidly launched a new brand, IsoKings, with a single product: a flat-pack desk. In just 15 months after its launch, IsoKing reported revenue of AU$1.5 million. As lockdowns lifted and people returned to offices, the CEO was worried: Should IsoKings be further developed, or should the company get back to its core business of making stages?

In March 2020, as COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, Atish Banerjea, the chief information officer of Meta Platforms Inc. (Meta) was tasked during a high-stakes senior management meeting with moving the company online. Banerjea knew that the future growth of Meta was dependent on talent and digitally enabling workers. He wondered how he was going to digitize Meta's office-centric culture, in which almost all recruitment, onboarding, and workforce management activities relied on in-person engagement and processes. Until that point, all of Meta's focus-and Banerjea's mandate-had been to enhance in-person work. Banerjea assembled a team to rewire Meta's onboarding and employee experience processes. They would have to quickly lead Meta's pivot to remote onboarding and remote work around the world at scale.

Over her career as a business executive, Norwegian Anita Krohn Traaseth became a seasoned mentor for emerging professionals, guiding them through the complexities of navigating promotions, salary negotiations, and leadership development. Recognizing the demand for accessible and practical advice, she leveraged her expertise into various channels, including podcasts, books, and eventually clothing - encapsulating her wisdom in the form of discreet t-shirt messages worn under professional attire. As her innovative approach gained traction, Traaseth expanded her vision, designing a signature red suit intended to inspire confidence and self-assurance in the wearer. The KROHN ""slow fashion"" house was born. This engaging case study examines the foundations of KROHN's success through the lens of Blue Ocean Strategy. Professors seeking to enrich their classrooms with a captivating, real-world example of entrepreneurial innovation and strategic execution will find it to be a valuable resource for discussions on personal branding, unconventional marketing strategies, and the art of creating differentiation at low cost.