個案總覽

Two months after a successful launch In November 2009, the cofounders of Rent the Runway (RTR), a website that rented designer dresses, are debating whether to grow their startup at a measured pace and focus on improving operational effectiveness, or raise a new round of venture capital sooner than originally planned. Raising more venture capital would allow RTR to aggressively expand its inventory and customer acquisition efforts, in order serve a broader range of customer segments with a wider selection of products, (e.g., accessories, maternity wear).

Jessica Herrin, founder and CEO of Stella & Dot, started her entrepreneurial career as the co-founder of Wedding Channel, an experience which laid the foundation for her most recent venture, a direct sales jewelry business. Jessica's main goal in launching the business was to provide women with an alternate career platform to run their own business under their own terms. The case describes the evolution of her company, from its modest start in Jessica's living room through the birth of two children, to annual revenues of $100 million in 2010, just 8 years after its founding. The case additionally describes the direct sales approach as an alternate to the more conventional sales platforms with which students are familiar.

In 2011, Celeritas is a leading data communications company in the crowded, highly competitive, and ever-evolving enterprise-network optimization market. Having experienced rapid growth since its founding in 2003, Celeritas has recently seen sales decline and has begun to lose market share along with its status as the top player. The CEO, concerned about several problems that may have contributed to this decline, engages an organizational development consultant who leads the firm's senior vice presidents through a two-day offsite exercise in team building. A followup meeting with a lower level of management raises questions about the effectiveness of those efforts.

The president and chief executive officer (CEO) of a provincial auto club is assessing opportunities to grow his organization in light of industry consolidation and punitive changes in allocating of national operating costs. The auto club has diversified from automobile towing and travel services into insurance, package travel, automobile sales and service. However, his vision to the upcoming board of directors' meeting calls for a 300 per cent increase in operating revenues over next 10 years. Without a larger critical mass, the auto club cannot support its allocated costs of branded national and international products. The CEO's challenge is where are the growth opportunities.

This exercise assesses one's exposure to the rest of the world's peoples. A series of worksheets require the respondents to check off the number and names of countries they have visited and the corresponding percentage of world population which each country represents. By summing a group's collective exposure to the world's people, the result will inevitably be the recognition that together they have seen much, even if individually some have seen little. The teaching note provides assignments and discussion questions which look at: why there is such a high variability in individual profiles; the implications of each profile for one's business career; and, what it would take for the respondent to change his/her profile. For marketers, it underscores the need to gather greater base knowledge about opportunities abroad.

Robert Venter, second-generation Chief Executive (CE) of family-owned Allied Electronics Corporation Ltd (Altron), considered the pros and cons of more clearly linking the firm's compensation system to sustainability performance. In June 2011, Altron, a conglomerate headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa, controlled more than 200 companies in Africa, Europe, the US, the UK, Australia, and the Far East. More than 14,000 employees designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed a range of telecommunications, electronics, power electronics, and information technology systems and products. Having made a clear commitment to sustainable development, Venter was confident that the commitment was shared across the senior management team. However, there appeared to be more acceptance in the operating units for meeting financial targets than for meeting sustainability targets. Did the existing incentive structure send the correct message about the sustainability-oriented corporate strategy? Looking at the reshaped strategic themes, Venter considered the pros and cons of more clearly linking the firm's compensation system to sustainability performance.

This case focuses on the Alternative Quality Contract (AQC), a novel payment program designed to incentivize providers to deliver less costly, high quality health care. Under the AQC, offered by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts, providers received a fixed-dollar budget to cover all care provided to a specific patient population, as well as incentive payments for quality. The AQC was piloted in 2009 by a handful of provider organizations, including a group of physicians belonging to the Lowell General Physician Hospital Organization (LGPHO). The case describes the LGPHO physicians' experience during their first two years under the AQC, allowing students to assess the group's performance as well as potential challenges in the remaining three years of the contract and future contracts and the AQC's value as part of the solution to untenably high U.S. health care costs.

A hedge fund is deciding whether to liquidate its position in Apollo Group, a for-profit education firm, in light of significant political and macro-economic uncertainty facing the industry. As part of the investment analysis a complete discounted cash flow analysis must be performed.

The case studies the decision of the security services corporation Brink's Company to spin-off its home security division from the rest of the company. The decision followed intense pressure on the company by three activist hedge funds who felt that Brink's was chronically undervalued and the individual businesses were worth more than the combined company. The company resisted the decision for over a year before agreeing to the break up. The case follows the argument made by the company and each of the investors. It also describes the actions by the company to convince its shareholders of the merits of keeping the company together, as well as the actions the activist investors took to get the attention of management, the board, and other investors. The businesses, secure transportation and home security monitoring, are described from both a business strategy and a financial perspective so that the potential value of different value enhancing options can be analyzed.

A toy retailer plans to order a new product from an untested supplier for the winter holiday season. This exercise provides an opportunity for students to construct a model to determine optimal order quantity when demand is not known. Profits are calculated based on wholesale pricing, revenue-sharing, profit-sharing, and buyback contracts.

Rodolfo Guttilla, Director of Corporate Affairs for Natura Cosméticos S.A. (Natura), prepared for a meeting with key stakeholders to discuss the future of integrated reporting at Natura. A cosmetics company with a strong brand, robust growth in international and domestic markets, and premium price and margins, Natura was consistently rated as one of the preferred places to work in Brazil. Its focus on social and environmental responsibility was a source of innovation; strong employee motivation contributed to the company's superior productivity and market share gain in Brazil's cosmetics, fragrances, and toiletries (CF&T) industry. By 2009, Natura's direct sales business model generated income for over 1 million people in Brazil and Latin America. Natura was the first organization in Brazil to produce an integrated report. Senior leadership was convinced that Natura's success over the years had been aided by its corporate responsibility and strategy to continuously seek improvements in both financial and nonfinancial (e.g., environmental, social, and governance) performance. As he prepared for the meeting, Guttilla considered the future of integrated reporting for Natura. What should the future of integrated reporting be like at Natura? How could the organization increase society's participation in the collaborative effort to develop new solutions to today's most challenging problems? How could the report provide a clearer representation of the organization's strategy and its ability to create and sustain value over the long term? And finally, how could web-based technologies be used to promote the organization's integrated reporting and sustainable development objectives?

A restaurant chain based in California offers made-to-order sandwich wraps using fresh, healthy ingredients. The founders of the company take a very active role in day-to-day business and tightly control every aspect of the restaurant operation from hiring store managers to planning the menu. Management is concerned that employee turnover is high, customer satisfaction is decreasing, and revenue growth is flat. The newly hired human resources leader believes addressing employee turnover can help solve the other problems. She develops a profit-sharing program as a pilot at two restaurants. The managers in the pilot program have their compensation tied directly to restaurant profits. The program also allows managers to customize menus, work with local suppliers, and try different promotion ideas. After six months, profits at the pilot locations improve while customer reviews are mixed. The HR manager must review the complete results and decide whether to roll out the pilot program to more locations, modify the program, or abandon it altogether. Students consider the operational challenges of running a service business and the issues related to compensation, change management, and employee autonomy.

On the eve of the Blackstone Group's much anticipated initial public offering (IPO), a Wall Street portfolio manager contemplates his commitment to purchase 20,000 units at $31.00 each. As one of the largest IPOs in recent history and the first major PE fund to go public in the United States, the offering had stirred up significant media and congressional interest, some of which was potentially damaging for the PE industry. Even taking the uncertainty of the tax law into consideration, the manager thought the market would respond positively to Blackstone's newly traded units. But there were still risks to consider.

Haidilao Hot Pot brings customers delightful dining experience. Like most restaurants, its workforce is mostly composed of young employees born in underdeveloped suburban areas. Instilled with the founder's unique entrepreneurial values, they are enthused and motivated to deliver extraordinary service to customers creatively. This case depicts the founder's entrepreneurial experience, his values and reveals Haidilao's unique employee management style. The structural change initiated in 2010 and information on Haidilao's competitor--The Little Sheep Group is also introduced to provoke student discussion and comparison.

On January 17, 2005, the function head in the Health Care Business in 3M Taiwan, found himself in a meeting with the Acne Dressing project team. In 2004, the function head initiated a project team to exploit local market needs for 3M Hydrocolloid Dressing, a technology that existed in the company for many years without any practical applications. The local project team suggested applying the material for acne treatment. The product would be known as Acne Dressing. There was no standardized solution for acne treatment in Taiwan. If developed, Acne Dressing would be a brand new product in the local market. The biggest challenge would be how to change local consumer behaviors on new acne treatment products. In addition, since there were no similar products in the market, the project team only had limited information. The potential sales and volume estimation were all uncertain. If the local development were to be launched, Acne Dressing would be 3M's first product application from Hydrocolloid Dressing technology. With little previous experience in product development and no similar products existing in the market, the function head had to decide fast whether to proceed with this new product development. Should the team carry on with the project? If so, what options did the local project team have? What kind of resources and support should the local Health Care business segment seek from the headquarters for the product development? Should the local product development collaborate with other subsidiaries?

In January 2005, China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company (COSCO) announced it would join the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC). At that time, COSCO initiated sustainability reporting practices in line with the UNGC, and over the next six years these efforts evolved into an information technology platform integrating all the company's sustainability processes and indicators. In fall 2011, the company's leadership considered the following strategic questions: To what extent should COSCO refer to international and domestic sustainability standards in the platform framework? How far should COSCO go in promoting the sustainability system as a stand-alone product? What were the next steps in sustainability reporting, and should COSCO try to attain even higher reporting standards in the future? Moreover, related issues facing the company included: What would be the value in reaching higher sustainability and reporting standards, and how would internal and external stakeholders react? What challenges lay ahead for the consistent implementation of higher standards across COSCO's subsidiaries?

Sara Horowitz faces a major strategic decision. Founder and CEO of the Freelancers Union, Horowitz has worked tirelessly to operationalize her new mutualist ideals, which comprise collective strength, independence, and shared protections. In 2008, she plans to move the organization into the health insurance industry in an effort to support a multi-generational outlook for the well-being of the union's members. Over the past 17 years, she has worked to create a culture of innovative thinking and member-oriented service. Horowitz sees a more active role in managing the health care of members as the logical next step. As objections from member representatives mount, she and her team must decide how to proceed.

China Life must decide whether to accept the government's "invitation" to develop a microinsurance product for the rural poor. Can it be done profitably?

George Weston, CEO of Associated British Foods, and his top executives, are deciding how to position the company, a major agribusiness involved in a range of food and processed food categories, ingredients, consumer brands, sugar, and also clothing, in the constantly evolving global food system.

Dr. Bhavarlal Jain and his son Anil Jain are engaged in a discussion about long-term planning for Jain Irrigation Systems Limited (JISL)-a company engaged in micro-irrigation, processed foods and a range of other agronomical activities-with an emphasis on how the company will meet the challenges that the food system of the future presents: a changing climate; booming global population; the need for increased production of nutritious foods; and scarce land and water resources among many other challenges. Both Dr. and Anil Jain are trying to understand how they can take the success they have had in helping India's farmers boost production and productivity through JISL's micro-irrigation systems and continue to tailor their services to meet the needs of Indian farmers.