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This case asks students to identify and evaluate the merits of two factors that have led a buy-side analyst to conclude that an acquiring company is a high-risk investment: (1) the company's allocation of acquisition proceeds and (2) the quality of the target's intellectual-property (IP) portfolio. The acquirer's allocation of the acquisition cost of the target is quite different from that of one of the company's previous deals. Careful interpretation of each line item for both acquisitions yields insights into the value management seeks with the acquisition. An IP-quality report supplied by an independent IP consulting firm likewise raises a number of issues students should identify. The primary objectives of the case are to (1) introduce IP-quality concepts as they relate to a firm's patent portfolio, (2) understand the accounting basis for firms' purchase-price allocations in IP-intensive acquisitions, and (3) compare and contrast the risk implications of acquisitions of in-process portfolios of drug candidates with established products.

The manager of a paper plant must decide whether to buy a new electrode boiler to replace a natural gas boiler. The challenge is to cut through complexities such as uncertainty in boiler efficiency, energy prices, financing alternatives, and supplier/competitor relationships to arrive at a first-cut analysis and decision. While the case is rich with issues, a considered decision can be made without using the sophisticated methods available to treat these complexities. The case is designed as an introductory class in which an agenda for a course in decision analysis/management science is established.

Presents one of the most impairing problems that affects poor communities in developing countries: the lack of drinking water supply and sanitation systems. A series of partnerships among NGOs, communities, local government, and international agencies provided a fairly effective solution in the four community groups described. Depicts a community managing its resources to satisfy its basic needs, which differs from the patronizing approach commonly endorsed by social ventures.

Examines the valuation of an Irish airline that reported its first decline in net income in 2004 and saw a 30% stock price drop on the news. Ryanair is a low-cost, low-fare airline headquartered in Dublin, Ireland, operating over 200 routes in 20 countries. The company has directly challenged the largest airlines in Europe and has built a 20+ year track record of incredibly strong passenger growth while progressively reducing fares. It is not unusual for one-way tickets (exclusive of taxes) to sell on Ryanair's Web site for less than one euro. Having created profitable operations in the difficult airline industry, industry analysts and Ryanair itself have likened the airline to its U.S. counterpart, Southwest Airlines, and the common stock has attracted the attention of investors in Europe and abroad. Valuing Ryanair is problematic because of the general levels of uncertainty in the industry (i.e., fuel costs, labor, macroeconomic factors, etc.) and is exacerbated by the company's stated goal of actually decreasing fares each year.

Traces the history of Comstar, specifically focusing on the development of the company's channel sales organization. As the company's channel grew by acquisition in terms of number of distributors and VARS (value-added resellers), and the company's product offering became increasingly complex, Comstar was faced with challenges around inventory management and linearity. The company was becoming increasingly insulated from its customers by piles of inventory in the channel and the company's revenues were becoming less predictable.

Describes the challenges facing Jim Hackett, the newly appointed CEO of Anadarko Petroleum, an independent oil and gas exploration company. In addition to strategic and organizational issues, Hackett must address concerns about proper disclosure of the company's oil and gas reserves.

In October 2004, Mark S. Mastrov, CEO of 24 Hour Fitness, reflected on how far his company had come in just over 20 years. From humble beginnings in 1983 in San Leandro, California, 24 Hour Fitness had grown to become the largest privately-owned health-club chain in the world. The company operated 346 clubs in 15 U.S. states and 10 countries, and it employed 16,000, serving 3 million members. Revenues exceeded $1 billion. The challenge ahead for Mastrov was making choices in the face of so many opportunities. Should he focus the business on the domestic market and expand into the many states the company had not entered yet or devote more resources to international expansion? If he decided to expand into the Northeast, how should the company enter against entrenched competitors like Bally Total Fitness? Would a major acquisition make sense, or would it threaten the company's culture? And how should he fund such an acquisition? An IPO had many attractions, but it would expose the company to a whole new set of challenges.

Toshifumi Suzuki, chairman and CEO of Seven and I Holding Co., was widely credited as the mastermind behind Seven-Eleven Japan's spectacular rise. Although Seven-Eleven Japan began as a small licensee of U.S. convenience store chain 7-Eleven, Inc. (then Southland Corp.) in 1974, it grew to become the highest grossing retailer in Japan, eclipsing its then-parent Ito-Yokado's sales. By 2005, it also owned a controlling stake in 7-Eleven, Inc. Over the years, Suzuki's emphasis on fresh merchandise, innovative inventory management techniques, and numerous technological improvements guided Seven-Eleven Japan's rapid growth. At the core of these lies Tanpin Kanri, Suzuki's signature management framework.

A fictitious private equity firm considers whether to buy the international theme park business of the LEGO Group. Considers the origins of theme parks in the United States; the international expansion of Disney theme parks to Tokyo and Paris since the 1970s; and the expansion of the theme park business of the LEGO Group from its home in Billund, Denmark, to Great Britain, Germany, and the United States. The LEGO Group has now announced that it intends to sell the business. Explores the rationale for international theme park business and, in particular, the drivers of profitability of parks in different locations.

In the most basic sense, a market failure occurs whenever the production or allocation of goods or services by a market is suboptimal. On one hand, this can mean that the output, price, or distribution of products is either inefficient in the sense that the overall level of economic value or social welfare could be increased. On the other hand, it can mean that the resulting allocation is inequitable or inconsistent with values of justice or fairness. From a public policy perspective, such failures are of concern because the public interest or overall social welfare is lower than it could be if the market were functioning more efficiently. Traditionally, societies have looked to government intervention to correct these market failures. Sometimes, charitable organizations got involved. However, private businesses were rarely called upon (or expected) to respond to breakdowns in efficient market operations by modifying their behaviors in a free-market system. However, a new class of actors has recently gained recognition. These individuals often found and manage organizations drawing on innovative ideas, using entrepreneurial skills, and leveraging market principles, but with one important difference from traditional entrepreneurs: they prioritize social impact over the creation of wealth. These "social entrepreneurs" have discovered and implemented new ways of creating social and environmental value by serving the needs of poor, disadvantaged, and neglected communities. Examines the insights, aspirations, and impact of three leading social entrepreneurs, their organizations, and their efforts to correct a diverse array of classical market failures.

Poses challenges facing a firm that undertakes innovative social initiatives, initially in response to threats (land invasions, assaults) derived from the poverty of its immediate surroundings and a highly polarized social and political environment. C. A. Ron Santa Teresa (CARST) is one of Venezuela's oldest family-owned firms. Rum making is among Venezuela's best known industries, going back to colonial times. CARST is the world's fourth largest rum producer (1.3 million eight-liter boxes). Focuses on April 2004, when Alberto C. Vollmer, newly designated CEO and son of the largest shareholder, must persuade CARST's board of directors of the strategic implications of their social initiatives. Allows analysis of the evolution of these initiatives and their integration into the company strategy.

Highlights the potential value of customer data and the choices and challenges the firm faces when attempting to capture this value. Carnival collects a significant amount of individual-level behavioral and demographic customer data. Senior management must now decide how to leverage such a wealth of data to improve firm performance through customer targeting and acquisition, customer retention, and customer profitability strategies.

Amagansett Funds has had a troubled history with its customer relationship management (CRM) system. Sales agents feel that they derive no value from it and that it is a "tax on their jobs." Amagansett is investigating whether CRM can be improved by making its data available wirelessly to Blackberry devices. These devices will also provide mobile phone and e-mail capability.

Investors and policymakers throughout the world were confronted with the risk of painful economic consequences arising from the large U.S. current account deficit. In 2007, the U.S. current account deficit was $731 billion, equivalent to 5.3% of GDP. The implications of the deficit were debated with intensity. At one extreme, it was argued that large deficits would eventually resolve themselves smoothly, even if they persisted for many more years. Former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan was among those expecting a "benign resolution to the U.S. current account imbalance." Other analysts, such as economists at the World Bank, believed the large deficits raised the risk of a sharp and disorderly fall of the dollar and that necessary macroeconomic adjustment could be painful, for the United States as well as for the rest of the world. The Financial Times asked: "How long will foreigners be prepared to make such generous 'gifts' to the US?" In this environment, Berkshire Hathaway, run by legendary investor Warren Buffett, postulated that current account imbalances would lead to "some chaotic markets in which currency adjustments play a part" and announced to shareholders a plan to increase investment in overseas companies to protect against this risk. It remained to be seen what the short- and long-term implications of the current account deficit would ultimately yield.

Andy Khubani, the CEO of Idea Village, a company that markets to consumers via direct-response TV ads, must decide whether to launch a campaign touting a hair removal product for women. Explains the direct-response industry and contrasts its methodology with traditional consumer goods marketing.

In 2003 a BCG survey found Rothschild Bank AG to be one of the most profitable private banks in the world. The bank's future, however, was surrounded by uncertainties related to new international regulations, increased competition as well as volatile financial markets. Rothschild bank's management was concerned to master these challenges and to assure that banks successful past will continue into the future. The task for students is to identify the key success drivers for Rothschild in the future.

The case is built on a unique and extensive dataset collected during many months of direct observation and interviews. The depth of this dataset allows the reader to analyze the myriad of perceptual factors on which collaboration and teamwork hinge.

In June 2003, General Motors Corp. (GM) successfully marketed the largest corporate debt offering in U.S. history, worth $17.6 billion. The offering included $13.6 billion worth of debt denominated in dollars, euros, and pounds and $4 billion dollars denominated in convertibles. GM announced that it would use the majority of these proceeds to shore up its heavily underfunded U.S.-defined pension plans. GM considered investing the entire contribution to its U.S. pension funds coming from the debt offering not in traditional investment grade bonds or stocks, but in a broad category GM called "alpha." GMAM believed this would help meet its new target annual return of 9%, reduce the probability of a negative return in any given year from 20% to 10%, and reduce the volatility of plan assets by 40%.

In December 1998, an intellectual property executive at DuPont pondered a new program for the 196-year-old company. The executive was reviewing a proposal to donate DuPont patents to universities around the United States. The move promised substantial financial benefits for DuPont-the company could save on fees to maintain the patents, and they could gain significant tax deductions. But should DuPont make such a donation, and if so, should it offer patents in the life sciences or in another discipline? Did the program hold any strategic or tax-related risks for DuPont?

This case examines a set of expansion options for a successful Internet luggage retailer, with a particular emphasis on the operational complexities.