個案總覽

White lies (inflated claims) cost the insurance industry billions of dollars every year. After investing heavily to automate workflows (from policy subscription to claims processing), digitization has ironically made fraud easier to commit and harder to catch. To an industry drowning in data and paying out millions per day for fraudulent claims, artificial intelligence and machine learning offer new hope. The case introduces what it calls "explainable AI" seen through the eyes of a senior operations executive at Shift, an insurtech unicorn company whose algorithm is used by global insurers such as Generali France and Mitsui Sumitomo to fight fraudulent claims. The focus is on strategy making (following a private equity funding round) and algorithm-level decisions. With an anonymized dataset of more than 10,000 claims and a guided coding exercise in statistical computing softwares R and Python, students are able to backtest their strategies on historical data. Beyond the exercise there is ample material to drive case discussion. https://publishing.insead.edu/case/to-catch-a-thief

White lies (inflated claims) cost the insurance industry billions of dollars every year. After investing heavily to automate workflows (from policy subscription to claims processing), digitization has ironically made fraud easier to commit and harder to catch. To an industry drowning in data and paying out millions per day for fraudulent claims, artificial intelligence and machine learning offer new hope. The case introduces what it calls "explainable AI" seen through the eyes of a senior operations executive at Shift, an insurtech unicorn company whose algorithm is used by global insurers such as Generali France and Mitsui Sumitomo to fight fraudulent claims. The focus is on strategy making (following a private equity funding round) and algorithm-level decisions. With an anonymized dataset of more than 10,000 claims and a guided coding exercise in statistical computing softwares R and Python, students are able to backtest their strategies on historical data. Beyond the exercise there is ample material to drive case discussion. https://publishing.insead.edu/case/to-catch-a-thief

In March 2020, when Swiss citizens were subjected to semi-confinement measures to protect them from the rapid spread of COVID-19, Oliver Price, a young entrepreneur in the canton of Fribourg, decided to launch a web platform to support local businesses that had been forced to close. The goal of this platform, originally called Support for Fribourg Merchants, was to serve as an intermediary between those businesses and consumers wishing to help them by purchasing vouchers that could be redeemed when normal life resumed. This solidarity-based initiative was a resounding success, and when the semi-confinement mandated by the Swiss government came to an end, the platform professionalized and continued to innovate. But could a spontaneous act of solidarity be transformed into a sustainable local business?

In increasingly diverse workplaces, imposter syndrome may inhibit the performance of some of the best and brightest rising stars. Managers can help transform the hold that these fears can have on employees and make that concern a fleeting thought instead of a permanent restraint.

Information asymmetry is pervasive in business and can often confer great advantage. This note distinguishes forms of deceptive behavior in the face of information asymmetry and aims to help students analyze their impermissibility. The note also introduces students to the method of reflective equilibrium as an approach to ethical analysis.

GRW Engineering (Pty) Ltd. (GRW) is a road transport equipment designer, manufacturer, and servicer based in South Africa. With GRW facing increased competition in 2022 when one of GRW's major suppliers buys out a local competitor, Gerhard Van der Merwe, co-founder of GRW and chief executive officer since its inception in 1996, knows that GRW must now compete directly against a giant multinational and develop an appropriate strategy. Van Der Merwe must decide whether to compete directly with the international firm or to internationalize. If GRW were to internationalize, he will need to determine whether to focus GRW's energies on Sub-Saharan Africa or to manufacture in Europe.

A young paralegal joined the London, UK law firm Darby & Fox LLP in August 2020. The position was a one-year contract during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paralegal was subjected to employee discrimination and harassment, starting with a requirement to be in the office, unlike other workers, because she was a newly-hired contract-based employee. She endured overwork, job threats, and simultaneous work assignments from an associate partner, as well as his spouse and colleague. Workplace conflict aggravated her situation, receiving increased workload, longer work hours, lack of compensation for overtime, delegated work from other paralegals, and monitored office activity. Even the process for approval of time off work was changed, making it more cumbersome for her to take a one-day leave. The paralegal wondered how to resolve her situation.

In 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the globe, Apple and Google partnered to develop a contact tracing application that would collect information about users infected with the disease and notify those who they had been in contact with. While Apple/Google's app would keep information about infection and contact private, some governments wanted more access. Apple and Google refused to provide this information, sparking a debate over what responsibilities the companies had in the realms of personal privacy and public health. This incident marked a seeming increase in privacy protections among technology companies, with Apple increasing user privacy options with its iOS 14 update and Zoom offering free end-to-end encryption. Did this indicate a permanent shift in the tension between privacy and safety?

Spreadsheet supplement for case 123011.

In September 2019, Zaoui & Co.'s close-knit team of professionals convened for their annual off-site. In its nine years of operation, the boutique investment bank founded by the brothers Michael (HBS '83) and Yoel Zaoui (Stanford GSB '88), had garnered a track record for advising on several significant transactions across Europe. At the retreat, the firm's leaders were debating whether to (a) continue as a small boutique focused on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) advisory services, (b) grow aggressively in M&A advisory, or (c) diversify into principal investing. Each alternative presented strategic and organizational challenges and opportunities. Whichever path they elected to pursue would significantly influence what kind of firm Zaoui & Co. would become.

In September 2019, founding partners Michael and Yoel Zaoui decided to add principal investing to Zaoui & Co.'s offerings. The case outlines how, over the next two years, Zaoui & Co. pursued the formation of a SPAC, Odyssey Acquisitions, followed by the identification of a target company, BenevolentAI, and the subsequent de-SPACing process that led to the execution of the transaction in April 2022. Although their initial foray into principal investing was a success, the process proved more arduous and time-consuming than anticipated, diverting considerable attention and resources from Zaoui & Co.'s core M&A advisory business. The brothers were wondering whether Zaoui & Co should (a) continue to aggressively seek principal investing opportunities, or (b) scale back its principal investing efforts, or (c) focus solely on M&A advisory. The choice would have important strategic and organizational implications for the firm. Although their initial foray into principal investment was a success, the process proved more arduous and time-consuming than anticipated, diverting considerable attention and resources from Zaoui & Co.'s core M&A advisory business. The brothers were wondering whether Zaoui & Co should (a) continue to aggressively seek principal investing opportunities, or (b) scale back its principal investing efforts, or (c) focus solely on M&A advisory. The choice would have important strategic and organizational implications for the firm.

Over a history of more than 240 years, the United States Marine Corps has forged a distinct culture and institutional identity centered on its "warrior ethos." In the wars of American history, Marines fought with uncommon valor, rising to international prominence for their bravery on the battlefields of Belleau Wood, Iwo Jima, Chosin, Khe Sahn, Fallujah, and Marjah. However, the Corps has found its distinct institutional character threatened with extinction on more than one occasion. Political maneuvers, tight defense budgets, shifting geopolitical priorities, and the evolution of the character of warfare has forced the Corps into a delicate balancing act across the decades, adapting its institutional character on the one hand while retaining its core cultural ethos on the other. With one of the highest turnover rates among the U.S. military services, the Corps relies heavily on a robust training program to inculcate its warrior ethos in generation after generation of new Marines. Historically, this program placed a heavy emphasis on infantry skills, on deconstructing the individual and cultivating intense habits of teamwork, and on centering new Marines on the historical legacy and core values of the Corps. The consistent output has been "Marines with Marine training"-a force that can fight and win "in any clime and place." Yet as new geopolitical challenges in the 2020s forced the United States to redefine its national security strategy, questions arose regarding the Corps' continuing relevance and its need to adapt yet again.

In 2021, IPI celebrated its tenth anniversary since its inception as a public-funded innovation intermediary in Singapore, a city-state with a strong focus on innovation as an economic growth strategy. Among the many initiatives promoted by the government agencies is open innovation - an approach that enables firms, both large and small, to pursue innovation with the help of external expertise or partners, as few could innovate effectively on their own. As a neutral party facilitating collaboration between the local SME community and technology innovators in developing new products, services, and processes, IPI is the missing element that plugs the gap in the local innovation ecosystem. Its value proposition includes reaching a wider network of partners, acquiring industry-specific knowledge insights, and identifying and catalysing new market opportunities for licensing technology by a multidisciplinary team. Over the past decade, IPI has grown into a trusted intermediary for thousands of companies that are either seeking or offering innovative solutions. However, IPI is still unknown to many among the 300,000 plus SME community in Singapore. Wong Lup Wai, who took the helm as CEO in 2019, has set out to rebrand IPI's identity and strengthen its service offerings. He concedes there is still much work to be done. What factors will help IPI succeed in the next decade? How can IPI scale its key services to create an even more vibrant innovation community for SMEs?

In this case study, students will explore some of the differences and considerations that may emerge when entrepreneurs evaluate and choose between multiple financing offers from venture capital investors. The case follows the two founders of a fictional company, All Hands, as they raise a Series A financing round. The founders have received term sheets from two venture capital firms that differ not only in the valuation of the firm's equity but also in other important financial and non-financial ways, including preference structures, dividends, anti-dilution protection and governance. Students will put themselves in the position of the founders to identify differences across the two term sheets, evaluate potential economic and governance tradeoffs, and develop a point-of-view on which offer they would accept.

Snowman Logistics Ltd was publicly listed in 2014 at a huge premium to the issue price. The company was the first pan-Indian player in the temperature-controlled logistics industry, which was largely unorganized and fragmented. Changing consumer preferences and increasing demand for processed food were expected to drive the business's growth rates and profitability. However, India updated its accounting standards in 2019, which impacted Snowman's financial statements. Even after six years of listing, the company had failed to meet expected growth in revenue and profitability, and an assessment needs to be made about why it failed to meet investor expectations.

Concise Industries Private Limited (Concise Industries), a small enterprise operating in the material handling and control equipment sector, manufactured fixed cranes and undertook annual maintenance contracts for its clients scattered across India. In the face of the uncertainty posed by COVID-19, the owner was contemplating whether to stick with the company's current strategy or to expand to take advantage of the benefits of growth in this industry. As the economy continued to improve, he believed that demand for these goods would rise. He was considering project expansion but was unsure whether this move would bring value to his company. Hence, he was investigating several project expansion proposals and associated expected cash flow projections to make an investment decision.

Two women entrepreneurs co-founded a profitable direct-to-consumer apparel brand called Suta. In June 2021, as the business owners were planning to increase advertising expenditure and scale up operations, they were confronted with a declining return on advertising spend on social commerce and other digital platforms. The co-founders needed to make use of marketing analytics to examine the effectiveness of their online store in converting visitors into customers and decide whether adopting a conversion rate optimization strategy could help improve performance.

Planet Milk produced and distributed A2 milk in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of the state of Orissa, in India. Despite the best efforts of its founder, Planet Milk had remained unprofitable since the COVID-19 pandemic struck in March 2020. In January 2022, the founder considered three broad alternatives to revive his milk business. The first was to change the milk's packaging from glass bottles to Tetra Pak cartons. This change in packaging would increase the milk's shelf life, allow wider customer reach, and improve revenues. The second alternative was to introduce an online order management option for consumers, which would increase the visibility of demand and thereby increase the operational efficiency of the business, reduce wastage and logistics costs, and increase profits. However, these options also required significant capital investments that would potentially not be recouped if the desired increase in sales did not occur. The third option was to target institutional buyers or retail channel partners, which would potentially increase sales but also decrease margins and increase credit. The founder had three months to implement a revival plan; if it proved unsuccessful, he could sell the business.