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CenturyPly India Limited (CPIL), a large wood panel products company with a supply network spread across India, had four main product lines, including laminates. In April 2020, the company's laminates range was a growth focus for management on account of its profitability and expected growth. Despite the availability of capacity, good demand, a range of designs, and inventory at the distribution centres, CPIL's order fill rates were less than satisfactory. The management team decided to look at its supply chain and identify solutions that could help. Based on the available data on sales, inventory, and lost sales, the management team needed to identify crucial insights that would help them take the best decisions. One important question was, How could the company adjust its current make-to-order supply chain to ensure it could meet order demands in a timely fashion and avoid losing potential sales?

Spreadsheet supplement for case W35179

In March 2023, the Adani Group experienced a sharp decline in market value, losing over $150 billion. This downturn followed allegations from US short-seller Hindenburg Research, which accused Gautam Adani of inflating his net worth to $120 billion over three years, mainly through a dramatic rise in the stock prices of the group's key companies. The Adani Group disputed these stock manipulation allegations, citing a misunderstanding of Indian laws, highlighting also their consistent debt reduction over the past decade. The challenge for the Adani Group now lies in regaining stakeholder confidence and managing the crisis, which may include re-evaluating its corporate governance practices and revising its communication strategy to restore its image.

Street Business School (SBS) employed an innovative social-franchise model aimed at providing entrepreneurship training to one million impoverished women worldwide. Originating as BeadforLife, a non-profit organization that connected women in Uganda who produced recycled paper jewellery with international markets, SBS developed a tailored entrepreneurship program while working with small groups of bead producers. With aspirations to expand globally and impact more women, SBS adopted a social franchising model and certified other organizations to implement its valuable approach and curriculum. However, generating earned income proved challenging, and SBS relied heavily on funds raised from individuals and philanthropic organizations. In addition, the organization faced the dilemma of balancing its focus on scalability and global expansion with the depth of impact it aimed to achieve. In January 2023, the chief executive officer (CEO) wondered what she should recommend to the board as the most appropriate business model for scaling SBS's impact.

In November 2023, top of mind for Kristen Siemen, chief sustainability officer at General Motors (GM), was how to increase consumer adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). After committing to be carbon neutral by 2040, the automotive giant has its work cut out for it: while EV purchases increased to 14% in 2022, consumer concerns, such as range anxiety and cost sensitivity, are limiting adoption. Kristen Siemen must consider how the marketing, sustainability, and communication teams should continue to work collaboratively to address this slowdown in market penetration and how to optimally position GM to reach its goal of carbon neutrality.

In February 2007, Diego Papalia, founder and owner of Ottawa Pianos, was getting ready to meet with his daughter, Carmen, to discuss the strategic future of the company. Five years prior, the father-daughter duo had started separate projects within the business. Diego had launched the digital music centre and Carmen had started a piano school, with a plan to reassess which might be the more lucrative endeavour in five years' time. The DMC sold guitars, amplifiers, drum kits, and various other electronic musical equipment; however, there was a high turnover requirement as music technology was constantly evolving. Carmen's piano school had grown to over a dozen instructors and 300 students. The downside was that it took up a lot of space- in this case, the entire basement that could otherwise be used for stock storage-and yielded low profit margins. Diego and Carmen had to decide which of the two projects to retain.

Since its beginning in 2018, Jane Win LLC, a nimble and lean start-up selling amulet jewellery pieces, had seen immediate success. From the company's inception, its founder, Jane Winchester Paradis, assessed the advantages and disadvantages of an expansion strategy. Paradis also assessed the viability of expanding beyond amulet pieces to achieve substantial growth. Although the young company already enjoyed strong brand recognition and offered a meaningful unique selling proposition, there were still many questions about the company's next steps, including which growth strategy would be the most suitable. Did the company have the resources and skilled management team necessary to adequately support and monitor its growth? What legal and financial issues must Paradis consider? What marketing and operational issues were the company likely to encounter during expansion?

Spreadsheet supplement for case 224742.

New research suggests that people's judgments of equity depend on their beliefs about the structural causes of success. When they take into account the overlooked structural factors that influence how people work is evaluated and their ability to be productive, their ideas of fairness begin to shift. This finding is particularly salient when evaluating the work of women, who often face invisible barriers. The researchers suggest four takeaways for organizations and managers to address this.

What do organizations that successfully unlock AI's strategic potential have in common, according to recent research? Executives with high AI literacy. Many leaders will be uncomfortable with the need to continually learn about artificial intelligence as the technology evolves, but executives and board members need to embrace that discomfort and make it a habit. This article shares three ways to put that habit into action.

Three payoffs stand out in the use of AI in marketing: increased sales productivity, increased customer satisfaction, and lower marketing overhead costs. That’s according to data from The CMO Survey of U.S. marketing leaders. The amount gained depends on how long companies have been using the tools, their digital transformation stage, and their level of experimentation. The most common uses of AI (content personalization and creation) do not have the biggest payoffs.

Mr. Highfly graduated with an accounting and finance degree in 2023, after which he was hired as an accountant by SG Development Limited (SDL). SDL was listed in the Singapore Exchange (SGX) and had established a reputation as a reliable provider of trading and shipping services in ASEAN countries. It planned to expand its operations to the real estate segment in Southeast Asia. In the first week after Mr. Highfly reported for duty, he was tasked to investigate the accounting treatments for investment properties and their implications on the company's financial statements.

This note is about tokenization and tokenized assets. Tokenization refers to the process of creating a representation of a particular asset on a blockchain via digital tokens. Tokenized assets typically derive their value from the value of the underlying asset. This note explores the benefits and risks of tokenization, as well as use cases. Moreover, it explores Security Token Offerings, considerations for tokenized asset issuers, and the Howey Test. It concludes with a consideration of how possible future trends may affect tokenization.

The case describes the ascend of EcoVadis in the market for supply chain sustainability ratings as well as its competitive position in 2023. EcoVadis is a platform that allows corporations to get transparency on the sustainability practices and status of their suppliers, and simultaneously allows suppliers to show their sustainability credentials to their corporate buyers. Founded in 2007 by Pierre-François Thaler (INSEAD MBA, 1999) and Fréderic Trinel, it had achieved unicorn status in 2023. The case ends with a review of the key strategy issues that the company is facing in 2023.

(B) supplement to case 923301.

In November 2023, OpenAI, a prominent artificial intelligence (AI) research lab, announced the unexpected removal of its co-founder and CEO, Sam Altman, which sent shockwaves through the AI industry. The case first delves into OpenAI's journey from its inception as a non-profit organization aimed at developing artificial general intelligence (AGI) for the betterment of humanity, to its transformation into a capped-profit entity, along with the value chain and competitive dynamics of the generative AI industry. In the second section, the case documents in detail Sam Altman's sudden dismissal. In the last section, the case concludes with a look into the broader implications for the generative AI industry, including the race for AGI, the ongoing challenges of AI development, and new developments. The case is suitable for MBA, EMBA, and undergraduate students who are interested in competitive strategy, industry value chain, technology and innovation, entrepreneurship, corporate governance, stakeholder governance, and the AI industry. The case can be used in a core strategy course at different levels as it covers various topics.

Contrary to the typical practice of cutting operating expenses by compromising on employees' benefits, the chairman of Zentaku Kogyo Company Ltd. (Zentaku), David Wu Chongrang, aimed to improve the standard of living of his staff by steadily raising their salaries and benefits. In fact, the key performance indicator David had set for himself was to raise his employees' salaries regularly to a preset target benchmark. Contrary to conventional approaches, over the past sixteen years (2006-2022) David had reduced Zentaku's revenue by 28 per cent and the number of employees by two-thirds, while raising the annual gross profit per employee to 239 per cent. Zentaku had achieved more with less by transforming itself through the rigorous implementation of lean production, inspired by the famed Toyota Production System, but Zentaku's future leadership now faced challenges in sustaining the success Zentaku had achieved. Were the management methods adopted in the past applicable to the younger generation of workers? How could the current management pass the enterprise to the younger generation while ensuring employees remained fulfilled in the workplace?

Bryan Gilvesy, CEO of ALUS, must create a proposal to spend ALUS' $100,000 marketing budget for their brand "New Acre Project". The brand had experienced good growth in previous years, but sales had stagnated for the past two, creating concerns about the survival of New Acre Project. Gilvesy must invigorate growth and reach sales of $6 million by choosing a target market, whether he should offer carbon credits or not, and at what price. He also had to choose a promotional channel and the messaging New Acre Project would use going forward.

In the first two decades of the 21st century, community organizers were increasingly enlisted by progressive foundations to help increase voter turnout among the "low propensity" voters in their communities, especially people of color and young people, groups largely "invisible" to the mainstream election industry. In many ways, the organizers-including those in the Ohio Organizing Collaborative, the group at the heart of this case-welcomed this opportunity, believing that it would support and reinforce their traditional organizing work. With greater voting strength, they reasoned, their constituents would gain leverage to advocate more effectively for their communities. But the OOC soon discovered that the goals and protocols of the election industry diverged sharply from those of community organizers. Organizing work was a long game aimed at creating collective power through trust- and relationship-building. Electoral campaigns were fast-paced and laser-focused on getting to "50 percent + 1." This case follows the Ohio Organizing Collaborative as it worked to find more effective ways to increase voter turnout in target communities and, at the same time, to better align its electoral work with the OOC's community-organizing values. Like other community organizers across the country, they tried to bring the strategies of "relational" organizing into their get-out-the-vote (GOTV) work. Their experiments yielded results that were mixed, interesting, and pointed the way to some new approaches in future. In addition to the written case, the case package includes a podcast supplement in which Prentiss Haney, one of the OOC codirectors featured in the case, describes his own stop-and-start path to community organizing-and how community organizers recruited and supported him, as a young adult, in a way that eventually persuaded him of the value of political activism.

The Engine, a venture capital firm founded by MIT to fill a gap in the technology funding landscape by commercializing breakthrough science and technology. Led by managing partner and CEO Katie Rae, the Engine's unique approach involved an unusually longer fund life, as well as founder training, lab space sharing, and "tough tech" ecosystem building activities centered at their brand-new headquarters in Cambridge. The firm raised $507 million over its first two funds which had yielded promising results, with many portfolio companies maturing faster than anticipated. As The Engine considered its next steps, it faced several strategic questions that tested its core beliefs in startup ecosystems and commercializing frontier science. Should the Engine's third fund expand geographically or into later-stage companies? And how much should they raise? The Engine team attempted to balance its desire to scale their impact with the need to maintain focus on supporting the most ambitious technical founders.