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Sahyadri Farms: Growing in the Agritech Field
The farmer producer company (FPC) Sahyadri Farmer Producer Company Ltd. (Sahyadri Farms) commenced with a mission of safeguarding fair compensation to the small landholding farmers of India in exchange for their produce and hard labour. Sahyadri Farms was a market leader in grape exports, especially to Europe, but when export freight charges shot up dramatically due to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the company was forced to enter into the domestic market to survive. The company’s domestic business, Sahyadri Supply Chain Company Ltd., had very high operating costs compared to those of local intermediaries, who operated without the same professionals, standardized logistics, or software. The company was rigorously partnering with young innovators to incorporate technologies like blockchain into the agricultural sector, and it needed a new business model. However, as a company in a low-profitability sector with jobs that were not lucrative and were situated in remote locations, it faced challenges in attracting and retaining the young talent it needed to support the growth of an increasingly complex business in the domestic market. -
Sahyadri Farms: Growing in the Agritech Field - Instructor Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet to accompany product W28519. -
Sahyadri Farms: Growing in the Agritech Field - Presentation
Presentation to accompany product W28519. -
Teachmint: Competitive Positioning in India's EdTech Industry
In 2020, the tuition and coaching industry in India was severely hit due the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent nationwide lockdowns. With physical classes suspended, many private tutors and coaching institutes closed their businesses. Teachers and educators found limited options for conducting classes online, and it was challenging to manage and monitor teaching-related activities. Founded in May 2020, Teachmint, the Bengaluru-based education technology (edtech) start-up, provided a one-stop edtech infrastructure solution for teachers, educators, and institutes. With a focused business-to-business model, Teachmint grew leaps and bounds in its first year of operations. The company had begun international expansions by partnering with edtech companies in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. However, Teachmint’s chief executive officer was debating whether it was the right time to go global or whether his company should focus on the Indian edtech market, which was competitive and featured several large players. -
Rangoli: Expanding a Preschool Franchise Business after the Pandemic
In March 2023, the co-founder of Rangoli Group of Institutes, Prahar Anjaria, was contemplating expanding his educational venture across the country. Founded in 2009 in Vadodara, Gujarat, India, the organization was a successful and award-winning preschool chain. The company was focused on imparting holistic learning with high moral, ethical, and pedagogical insight, as well as giving back to society through various social and cultural settings. With an evolving educational marketplace and new government regulations, Anjaria was wondering if this was the right time to expand across the country. What would be the impact of national expansion? How could he be sure to retain the core educational philosophy that made Rangoli Group of Institutes unique? -
GST Group: Reframing B2B Marketing Strategy
<p align="justify">The Gurmukh Singh Technology (GST) group, based in Ludhiana, Punjab, India, manufactured high-precision machined parts and sheet-metal components for various industries and sectors such as agriculture and horticulture. Revenues of the group had dipped substantially in 2018 due to non-receipt of payments from some customers, and the situation was compounded by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent lockdowns in 2020 and 2021. In January 2022, the managing director and head of marketing was planning a restructuring drive with the intention of doubling revenues and increasing the profitability of the group by 50 per cent over the next five years. He had to decide whether to reframe the group’s business-to-business marketing strategy and, if so, in what respect. How should he segment customers and select the most appropriate segments? How could he incentivize these customers to buy his company’s products rather than those of competitors? What should be the value proposition of the company? -
Fugumobile: Setting Up a Local Digital Marketing Company in China
In 2006, two entrepreneurs founded Fugumobile Co. Ltd., a digital marketing agency based in Shanghai, China. The company grew organically in China by adapting to the evolving trends in digital marketing. In May 2021, the founders were facing a dilemma and had to choose between two options for sustainable and profitable growth of their company. The first option was to reach an extensive client base by continuing to deliver standardized services at affordable prices, which offered the company modest growth and profitability. The second option was to offer customized services at a premium price, which was more rewarding but would require recruiting experienced workers with a proven track record for selling and delivering high quality customized services, who were typically employed by large agencies and demanded significantly high salaries. The two founders had to decide which path to take. -
From Mug to Mike: The Scale-Up Puzzle
<p align="justify">Sunil Koshy considered himself a “passionpreneur;” after quitting a well-paid job as a software engineer, he chased his passion for singing and founded From Mug to Mike (FMTM), a start-up that helped amateur singers polish their singing skills. Stemming from Koshy’s passion, FMTM had evolved into a business venture with viable products, services, and a scalable business model. To scale up FMTM, Koshy needed to decide whether the business should take a geography- or a product-led route. -
Breaking the Silence: Creating an Inclusive Home for International Students
This case has been written for use in undergraduate- and graduate-level modules pertaining to equity, diversity, and inclusion efforts. Particularly, it can be introduced in organizational behaviour, leadership, and communication courses. It is recommended that this case be taught early in the course or program.<br><br>This case involves international students’ experiences while studying at Canadian universities. The case is written to discuss the unique challenges international students face when entering a new country to study and intends to start the dialogue between domestic and international students to ensure that all students feel included in the cultures they are exposed to. This case will encourage students to be mindful of non-inclusive actions and behaviours (unintentional or otherwise) and their consequences, and then provide appropriate communication strategies and starting solutions to make students feel welcome and heard. -
A Note on Family Business Governance in Latin America
<p align= "justify">Many factors influence corporate governance in a family firm, the most prevalent form of business entity in Latin America. National culture affects a family firm's societal values, as well as economic, political, and legal systems of governance. Normative behaviour and expectations are also key factors that affect both individual and organizational norms. The firm’s characteristics are another major source of influence. In addition to these major factors, various other variables play a role on shaping the firm's corporate governance, including family unity, patriarchal expectations, and inclusivity of the family definition. All of these factors can influence the numerous decisions that family businesses make in regard to their corporate governance, which makes it impossible to apply one approach for all family firms in Latin America. Each organization’s board of directors may have specific characteristics that require different mechanisms to make effective governance decisions. This technical note discusses an evolutionary pattern of corporate governance, rather than a single approach, that could be effectively applied to the decision-making board of a family firm in Latin America. -
VCayr: Managing Sexual Harassment (Graphic Novel Version) - Extended Teaching Note
Extended teaching note for product W32395. -
VCayr: Managing Sexual Harassment - Extended Teaching Note
Extended Teaching Note for product 9B21C019. -
Seeding Private Sector Interest in Biodiversity
Biodiversity loss threatens enough economic activity to warrant far more private sector investment than it gets. Over half the world’s total GDP is “moderately or highly dependent on nature and its services,” and restoring and conserving nature is widely expected to require annual investment of more than US$700 billion. However, the money currently being spent doesn’t come anywhere close to that. If we’re serious about protecting our ecosystems, we can’t rely on the public sector alone. To help attract the level of private-sector investment required to bridge the biodiversity financing gap before it’s too late, this article argues that governments need to create a conducive investment environment and seed a self-sustaining biodiversity market through a major increase in concessional financing. The authors believe there are three primary factors behind why the biodiversity crisis in developing countries fails to attract more private capital. First is the scarcity of investible deals. Second, the environment in terms of policies and frameworks isn’t conducive. Third, risk perception is significant. To develop biodiversity as an adaptation sector, climate accelerators (cohort-based programs offering early equity that have mentorship and educational components) could facilitate and support the growth of adaptation and biodiversity technologies, particularly in developing countries. -
United Overseas Bank: Branch Crowd Analytics
This case focuses on the use of modern data analytics to alleviate crowding at the branches of United Overseas Bank, a full-service bank headquartered in Singapore. The case is set in 2020 against the backdrop of the COVID-19 global pandemic when vaccines were not yet available and social distancing was a key tool in the fight against the spread of the disease. How should the bank develop and deploy predictive analytics to accurately anticipate future branch crowds? How should the bank trade off key design considerations? -
Origo Commodities: An Agonizing Decision
Origo Commodities Indian Pvt. Ltd. (Origo) had grown to achieve revenue of US$40 million in just a decade, making it one of the leading players in India’s agricultural commodity sector. The co-founders had explored various avenues to accelerate growth but had repeatedly encountered employees’ discomfort with implementing technology. By 2020, with emerging competition, growing investor interest, and the movement of government processes to online platforms, they needed to take tough decisions now to grow further. Would restructuring the organization and hiring technology-proficient replacements be their only option? Since the employees had been with Origo since its inception, replacing them would be an agonizing decision. The founders had to decide what to do and how to do it before their investors’ meeting in four weeks. -
Roku: Designing a Business Model for TV Streaming
Roku Inc. was launched in 2008 as a spinoff from Netflix. Inc. The company sold streaming devices—tools that transformed standard televisions into smart TVs—and operated a free advertising-supported streaming television service called The Roku Channel. Throughout the 2010s, Roku Inc. dominated the streaming device industry. In late 2022, however, the company was facing several challenges. Increased operating expenses from recent investments in content creation, coupled with an advertising recession, had led to declining profitability. In addition, the company faced increased competition from established technology giants such as Google LLC and Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., in addition to the entry of major US telecommunications leaders such as Comcast Corporation and Charter Communications Inc. To maintain its market share and drive profitability, Roku Inc. could enhance its advertising capabilities, continue pursuing aggressive negotiation tactics, prioritize geographic expansion, further expand its product line, or seek a buyer. The company’s management team had to make decision. -
The Graph: The ‘Google Search’ of the Blockchain-Powered Web?
The co-founders of The Graph Foundation had experienced first-hand how difficult it was to create new Web3 applications without easy access to blockchain data: There was no indexing and querying software for blockchain, and developers had to find their own method for collecting and transforming data from different sources. The Graph was an indexing protocol designed to solve this issue and become the nascent "Google Search" for the metaverse. With a recent investment giving it an opportunity to increase its revenue while improving the value proposition, The Graph had to decide which business model to adopt: Should The Graph implement a protocol-to-user model to attract everyday users, or stay with its current protocol-to-developer model? If it implemented a the former, should it develop its own search feature, or collaborate with a partner (or set of partners) to this achieve this goal? What role should this feature play in The Graph’s broader strategy and within the wider Web3 ecosystem? -
Tata Motors: The Dividend Dilemma
Tata Motors Limited (Tata Motors), an Indian automobile major with a consolidated annual turnover of more than ₹2,497 billion in fiscal year (FY) 2021, was struggling to turn profitable and reinstate dividend payments to its investors. The case discusses the dividend policy of Tata Motors, comparing it with the dividend policies of the company’s peers and examining its relevance to the investor community at large. With Tata Motors’ long history as a dividend-paying company, its sudden withdrawal of dividends in FY 2016, with no payouts in the following five years, has made investors jittery. The company was working on the turnaround plan and internal reorganization that would allow it to provide a differentiated focus on its three business verticals—the commercial vehicle segment, the passenger vehicle segment, and the electric vehicle segment. Tata Motors had already communicated its decision to conserve cash to reduce its leverage and become debt-free by FY 2024. However, with an increase in pressure from a certain section of investors, Natarajan Chandrasekaran, chair of Tata Motors, was considering when to reinstate dividends. What signal would doing so send to the market? Would the ownership structure of the company have an impact on its dividend policy? Did the company’s cash flows support the dividend payment at this stage? -
Tata Motors: The Dividend Dilemma - Student Spreadsheet
Student spreadsheet to accompany Ivey product W30443. -
Sasol: Tradeoff Considerations for a Just Transition
<p style="color: rgb(197, 183, 131);"><strong> AWARD WINNER - African Business Cases Category at European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD) Case Writing Competition</strong></p><br>On January 20, 2022, Shamini Harrington, vice president for climate change at Sasol Limited (Sasol), considered the recent announcement that the company had reaffirmed its commitment to climate change management. As she looked through the plans in place, she reflected back to Sasol’s evolution as an organization and its role within South Africa, and considered the complexities involved in the process of a just transition. Two questions particularly resonated with her as she thought of the report she needed to provide to her management in the next three months: What were the implications for a just energy transition in a developing country like South Africa? and, How should Sasol work with stakeholders who often held differing perspectives?