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Gap, Inc., 2019
內容大綱
In 2000, The Gap, Inc. (Gap) was the world's largest player in specialty fashion retailing, and companies such as Inditex of Spain, H&M of Sweden, and Fast Retailing of Japan were less than a quarter of Gap's size. But after two decades of growth, Gap's progress stalled in the early 2000s, while these players continued to expand. Inditex overtook Gap in 2008, H&M in 2010, and Fast Retailing in 2016. Inditex continued to set the pace ten years later in 2019, and Gap appeared to be falling ever further behind. Since 2000, four Gap CEOs had struggled to turn around the company. While several temporary profit increases appeared to herald a recovery, a sustained rally remained elusive and the share price remained volatile. Mickey Drexler, who joined the firm in 1983 and became CEO in 1995, had been primarily responsible for Gap's rise to global prominence, but he was fired in 2002 after two years of double digit, same-store sales declines and a 75% drop in the stock price. His successor, Paul Pressler, appeared to have engineered a remarkable recovery, but was fired in 2007 after disappointing sales and another slump in profits, leaving Gap to be run by interim CEO Robert Fisher, son of founder Donald Fisher. Pressler's permanent replacement, Glenn Murphy, fresh from a successful turnaround at a Canadian drug-store chain, promised tighter price controls, lower administrative costs, and a leaner, more aggressive Gap. He cut costs and drove up earnings per share, but sales continued to decline in his first few years in office. A sales and profit revival in 2012 looked promising, driving the company's share price up 50%, but it proved short-lived, and Murphy announced in 2014 that he would step down, handing over to company veteran Art Peck (HBS '79). After four years under Peck's leadership, the company was still struggling to rediscover its old magic, while Inditex was going from strength to strength.