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Viagra in China: A Prolonged Battle over Intellectual Property Rights
內容大綱
In April 1998, Pfizer Inc ("Pfizer") launched Viagra, a prescription drug for treating erectile dysfunction, in the US and Europe with huge success. However, its market entry into China was met with an 11-year battle with local drug companies over Viagra's patent, Chinese trademark and three-dimensional trademark ("3D trademark"). Pfizer's patent was invalidated in July 2004 by the authorities after being jointly challenged by 12 local companies. A local company had launched its own erectile dysfunction drug using Viagra's Chinese nickname as its trademark, and copying Viagra's 3D trademark. Pfizer defended its intellectual property rights ("IPR") in court. It won the patent and 3D trademark litigations, but lost in the Chinese trademark case. Irrespective of the litigation outcomes, Viagra's sales in China have been stifled by prevalent counterfeits and herbal substitutes containing its active ingredient or equivalents. Pfizer's management is trying to figure out what went wrong in its market entry strategy, how to generate more sales before its patent expires in 2014, and what should be done to better protect the IPR of the drugs it intends to launch in the country.