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Water Funds: Financing Nature's Ability to Protect Water Supplies
內容大綱
Nature plays an important role in maintaining the flow and purity of water. Human activities often degrade the quality and/or quantity of water flowing to downstream users, but the maintenance of natural ecosystems and the sound conservation management by those living upstream in watersheds can help provide a clean, reliable supply of water for downstream water users. Water funds are a way for downstream water users to preserve their water supply, by paying to restore and conserve natural ecosystems. They also enable upstream and downstream communities to work together for mutual benefit, preserving or restoring nature's ability to improve water quality and reliable flow while providing economic opportunities for upstream communities. This case introduces the concept of ecosystem services (the role that natural ecosystems play in sustaining and fulfilling human life) and payment for ecosystem services (PES), in which stakeholders pay in order to preserve or restore the ability of nature to provide these services. It describes water funds and other PES arrangements, as well as some of the challenges that water funds face. Several examples are provided of water funds and other PES programs.