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On June 9, 2011, Empresas La Polar S.A., a Chilean retailer, informed the Chile’s securities commission that it had detected irregularities in its accounting for credit card receivables. A fraudulent credit card scheme masterminded by key executives and missed by directors and auditors was going to result in an estimated write-off in excess of US$300 million. On June 17th, the company advised the commission that the write-off would, in fact, be double the original estimate, amounting to US$640 million, resulting in negative equity. The filing contributed to a decrease in the value of the company’s stock market value, dropping from US$1.2 billion to US$281 million and putting the company at risk of bankruptcy. Should the directors be held responsible and punished for what had happened? What role did the regulators and auditors play? See supplement 9B16C033.

Supplement for product 9B16C032.

Supplement to case W16664.

On June 9, 2011, Empresas La Polar S.A., a Chilean retailer, informed the Chile's securities commission that it had detected irregularities in its accounting for credit card receivables. A fraudulent credit card scheme masterminded by key executives and missed by directors and auditors was going to result in an estimated write-off in excess of US$300 million. On June 17th, the company advised the commission that the write-off would, in fact, be double the original estimate, amounting to US$640 million, resulting in negative equity. The filing contributed to a decrease in the value of the company's stock market value, dropping from US$1.2 billion to US$281 million and putting the company at risk of bankruptcy. Should the directors be held responsible and punished for what had happened? What role did the regulators and auditors play?

<p style="color: rgb(197, 183, 131);"><strong> AWARD WINNER - Corporate Social Responsibility Award, European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD) Case Writing Competition</strong></p><br>Bank Audi, a leading financial institution, was founded in Lebanon in 1830 and, over the years, had been engaged in various forms of philanthropic, charitable giving embodying its responsibility towards its various stakeholders. The head of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) unit faced a prominent decision. How could the bank consolidate its CSR efforts—which had taken a largely philanthropic approach, especially between 2010 and 2012—in the context of a coherent strategy that built on the assessment of aspects that were material and critical to both the bank and its key stakeholders? Setting the bank’s CSR priorities would serve as the basis of a coherent CSR strategy for Bank Audi.

In June 2014, Hisense of China and Hitachi of Japan were considering whether their 11-year-old joint venture (JV) should once again assume responsibility for its international sales. After developing a solid central air-conditioner market share in China, in 2009, the JV began to sell in various overseas regions but struggled. In April 2012, the partners agreed to have a Hisense subsidiary (the HIMC) assume full responsibility for selling the JV’s products overseas. However, over the next two years, HIMC’s performance in selling the JV’s products overseas was unsatisfactory. In response, the partners began to discuss whether they should have the JV sell its own products again overseas. Of immediate interest was the Southeast Asian market. This case can be used with Hisense-Hitachi Joint Venture (B): Expanding in Southeast Asia, 9B16M220

In 2016, a soccer fan closely followed the scores, standings, and transfers of players in the European soccer leagues. Having witnessed countless exchanges of players from one team to another, she wondered about the factors that team managers considered when determining the players' market values. She gathered data on 77 notable soccer players in an effort to better understand the essential factors that made the players valuable. Could she use the variables she had collected to also build a functioning model that would predict a player's market value?

Student spreadsheet for case W16652.

In February 2014, the chairman and chief executive officer of the third-largest law firm in Canada, Gowlings LLP, was examining his options for taking the firm global. On the verge of retirement, he hoped to establish an enduring platform for international expansion based on three aspects: a new global location, a new global partner, and a new organizational structure. Each point was interlinked, and each presented its own managerial dilemmas. Gowlings had already established offices in three locations outside Canada: Moscow, London, and Beijing. The company had been ranked as the top legal advisor based on deal volume for Canadian mergers and acquisitions in both 2012 and 2013. Gowlings was primed to build on these attributes and move to the next level in positioning itself as an international law firm.

APLO was a reputable supplier of LED lighting systems for diverse countries from Taiwan to the United Kingdom. In 2015, APLO signed a contract to supply and install 30,000 pieces of 60-watt ecological street lights in several towns within one of Indonesia’s provinces. With over 250 million inhabitants, Indonesia was in dire need of modernizing its infrastructure as it expanded economically. Having already been contracted for street lighting in several parts of Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital city, APLO was eager for more projects across Indonesia. Would APLO be able to make this its showcase project and win many more contracts throughout Indonesia’s 34 provinces?

In this article, author William R. Kerr, who has researched global ventures for two decades, examines subtle but critical differences in how globalization is leveraged even among organizations that seem on the surface to be quite similar (for example, businesses engaged in outsourcing). Traditional approaches to globalization start with a mindset of taking the company's best products or services to global markets and often use cross-border opportunities to lower costs (what the author describes as "globalizing the best that your company can offer"); the core focus is on how globalization can enhance existing products and profit formulas. However, other organizations, the author notes, build their businesses on top of globalization (what he calls "harnessing the best that the world has to offer"). Such businesses display a sharp external focus, harness the resources and ideas of others, and aspire to achieve a large global footprint quickly. Although the digital economy can enable these ventures, the real differentiator, the author argues, is the managerial approach taken toward the business. In addition to looking at Airbnb and Uber, the article examines the global strategies of several companies, including Upwork Global, Alvogen, Rocket Internet, and Home Essentials (HK) Limited. The article highlights best practices that can support managers in globalizing their businesses, ranging from tailoring the businesses for the local environment to leveraging global network effects. Moreover, it looks at the issue of operational complexity and how considering the trade-offs between the benefits and costs can help managers find the optimal global footprint for their organization.

The Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola), the brand that “taught the world to sing,” was widely considered to be the leader when it came to music marketing. The 2010 and 2014 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup games provided an ideal backdrop for analyzing Coca-Cola’s success in music marketing. While the company’s marketing approaches were similar in both World Cup games, they differed in their delivery and results. In 2016, in the face of new competition in the music marketing space, namely from Pepsi, FIFA, and even Coca-Cola itself, the company needed to lead the way with the ultimate goals of selling sodas and songs.

In December 2015, South Korean technology giant Samsung announced a new head to its mobile division. The announcement came on the heels of a challenging year for Samsung. Two handset launches that year had received criticism in the press for the way they were handled. The appointment was interpreted by many in the industry as Samsung signalling a desire to further intensify innovation in an increasingly commoditized product area. This was a time of intense challenge but also great promise. Complex questions involving significant trade-offs had to be answered. Should the mobile division push for profitability or market share? Were those objectives mutually exclusive? What was the best strategy for obtaining the chosen objective? And, how could Samsung differentiate itself in an increasingly crowded, competitive, and commoditized market?

In February 2016, a young intern was waiting to speak with the founder and chief executive officer of Surbhi Gramodyog Vikas Sansthan (SGVS), a producer and supplier of hand-made herbal cosmetic products. The founder was speaking on the phone with a potential reseller and turning down a new order due to the company being at full capacity. It was the third such request that he had declined in the past week. The young intern was puzzled. SGVS was located in Kashipur, a small town in the state of Uttarakhand in India. With a minimal Internet presence and marketing efforts, it had gained loyal customers in India and across the world, from the United States to Australia. However, SGVS was not willing to increase production capacity and expand the business, thereby forgoing a potential increase in profits. Was the company’s reluctance to scale up the business sustainable over the long run?

In 2015, the medical officer in charge of a blood bank in India needed to manage a chronic shortage of blood products that was likely to worsen over the summer months. The blood products were perishable and had a limited useful life which complicated matters when maintaining adequate stock. Furthermore, demand for blood products was unpredictable and varied widely each month. The blood blank attracted few blood donors and they were likely to become even fewer over the summer. A shortage of blood products could mean cancelled surgeries and, in worst-case scenarios, the loss of lives. The medical officer needed to decide whether the blood bank should optimize its inventory of perishable blood products by organizing large blood donation camps or by holding smaller but more frequent blood donation camps. This case can be used with the <a href=http://bbgame.wpcarey.asu.edu/target=_blank>Blood Bank Game simulation tool.

In 2012, the French government was faced with the challenge of setting the standards for socially responsible investment funds. A broader issue was the set of roles and responsibilities that regulators needed to take to ensure the best interest of society and the retail market. Retail consumers were different from institutional clients because they were numerous, they may not have had access to the same information available to more sophisticated investors, and because their thoughts on the financial markets were most likely to be based on what they had read and heard in the news. The government had to decide how to go about creating standards that could be applied to socially responsible investment funds. Also see supplement 9B16N017.

Supplement for product 9B16N016.

In 2008, an ambitious entrepreneur was eager to succeed in India’s corporate catering industry despite having no prior experience. She learned the intricacies of the business and developed processes and systems that made her company stand out among the competition. However, an inflationary surge in food prices exposed the weaknesses in her business model—namely, the fixed-price contracts and her resolve to self-finance the venture. The entrepreneur also faced new competitors who were able to undercut her prices because they could leverage alternative revenue streams to compensate for the increased food costs. Should she make changes to her business or was it time to exit?

Brooks Sports, Inc. (Brooks) strove to inspire and promote an active lifestyle through its innovative gear, enabling its customers to run longer, farther, and faster. The shoe company had endured a number of growths and declines in its 100 years of operations. Nearly bankrupt by 2000 because of its attempt to compete with diversified athletic brands, Brooks had finally found a strategy to compete in the sports market. Operating as an independent subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., Brooks focused entirely on the niche running market, transforming into a brand that generated over $500 million in 2014. Now Brooks had set its sights on becoming a $1 billion brand by 2020. In the past, few companies had focused on the small but growing running industry; however, with the running market becoming increasingly competitive, would Brooks’s runner-focused strategy carry the company to its $1 billion goal by 2020, or would it be forced to shift back to a diversified approach as the running market became more crowded?

In 2015, Nintendo—the iconic Japanese video game company—was faced with the decade-long challenge of responding to an industry that had changed in ways it had not anticipated. Under its new president, Nintendo had to contend with large-scale changes in the global gaming market. By not adapting to changing customer needs, Nintendo had lost the customer loyalty it had once enjoyed, as was evident from the decline in the number of units sold. It faced daunting challenges in the traditional console gaming segment from Sony and Microsoft, as well as more recent threats to its competitive position from the mobile gaming segment, which had become a preferred platform for game developers. Nintendo needed to decide how to revise its business model and strategies to move away from the decline that had been part of the company for years. Could the once-dominant Nintendo connect with its customers as it had done in the past, or was it better off as an acquisition target by a large entertainment company?