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In 2020, the movie business was turned upside down by the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced the closure of theatres. Unable to open their doors, exhibitors had little to no revenue to cover costs, and market analysts predicted that the future for theatre chains, particularly AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC), looked bleak. Then in early 2021, a large number of small retail investors bought shares in AMC. By the July 4th weekend, AMC stock was worth more than 25 times what it had been worth at the beginning of the year. In a post-pandemic environment, could AMC's chief executive officer, Adam Aron, objectively weigh strategic options to decide what should be the appropriate size and scope of the firm going forward, without being overly influenced by shareholders with shorter time horizons?

Increasingly in the 2010s, corporations turned to divestitures and spinoffs to streamline their operations. Over the course of one week in November 2021, conglomerates General Electric, Johnson & Johnson, and Toshiba announced plans for separation. The news reflected the broader shift toward divestitures as a means to focus on core competencies and achieve growth. By that time, more than three-quarters of companies (78%) believed that they should have divested assets sooner, as opposed to just 41% of companies in 2016. Further, 76% of companies anticipated that the Covid-19 pandemic would increase divestment plan momentum. This case explores the rationales for and against spinoffs, and provides recent examples of companies that followed their spinoffs with consolidations (and vice versa).

Established in 2015 in Shanghai, China, Shanghai Kmind Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. was a strategy consulting firm that specialized in helping enterprises overcome market competition through the provision of its consulting services. It not only provided strategy consulting reports to clients but also acted as a business partner in assisting clients in implementing the reports. Among its many clients, nine leading enterprises had achieved rapid growth, and five had reached revenue of ¥10 billion. However, behind its success, the firm was facing a shortage of consultants. Although its clients had increased in number since the firm's founding, it had had to turn away many high-quality clients because of the consultant shortage. The firm’s chairman had to consider how to rapidly improve the firm’s service capability.

The note provides a qualitative and quantitative overview of the North American airline and airport industries with data covering 2016 to 2020. Specifically, the data covers five airlines-American Airlines Group Inc., Delta Air Lines Inc., Southwest Airlines Co., United Airlines Holdings Inc., Air Canada, and WestJet Airlines Ltd.-and five airports-New York's LaGuardia, Los Angeles International, Chicago's O'Hare International, Toronto Pearson International, and Tucson International. The objective is to provide students with a basic understanding of the business and operations of the airline and airport industries.

Spreadsheet Supplement for Case W26084

Spreadsheet supplement to case UV7170.

The case, set in April 2019, follows the managing director of an investment firm that is deliberating whether to invest in Jet Airways. It is the day after the airline halted their operations, and our protagonist, Surjit Trivedi, Managing Director of a Mumbai-based private equity firm, the Agile Group, is headed for a meeting where his team of analysts and strategists are presenting their evaluation of Jet Airways. Trivedi must decide whether to invest in the airline or not as he is due to present the proposal to the board of the private equity firm he works for. He does not want to make a wrong investment and jeopardize the firm's future and his forthcoming promotion. The case follows the rise and fall of Jet Airways. Civil aviation in India has changed tremendously over the past 20 years, both from the consumer and service provider standpoints. This change was due to factors such as globalization, the higher disposable income of Indians, government initiatives, travel enthusiasm among millennials, and so on. With India expected to become third-biggest aviation market by the year 2025, the number of players in the market increased, with both indigenous and global competitors in the fray. Despite positive industry indicators, two major airlines were forced to halt operations in the last decade, Jet Airways being one of them. The case can be used to scrutinize the reasons for Jet Airways' downfall such as their acquisitions and alliances, the decisions of their founder Naresh Goyal, and Jet Airways' response to the challenge posed by low-cost carriers (LCCs) in India. Moreover, the case can be utilized to analyze how the consortium of banks led by the State Bank of India (SBI) handled the Jet Airways crisis.

Established in 2015 in Shanghai, China, Shanghai Kmind Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. was a strategy consulting firm that specialized in helping enterprises overcome market competition through the provision of its consulting services. It not only provided strategy consulting reports to clients but also acted as a business partner in assisting clients in implementing the reports. Among its many clients, nine leading enterprises had achieved rapid growth, and five had reached revenue of ¥10 billion. However, behind its success, the firm was facing a shortage of consultants. Although its clients had increased in number since the firm's founding, it had had to turn away many high-quality clients because of the consultant shortage. The firm's chairman had to consider how to rapidly improve the firm's service capability.

This case depicts Singapore's TraceTogether (TT) story, beginning in early 2020 when COVID-19 was spreading globally with ravaging effects. TT was the world's first national application of a digital contact-tracing tool. Remarkably, the initial version of TT was developed and launched in just eight weeks. The increasing adoption of TT (both as a mobile app and as a hardware token) enabled the early identification and isolation of infected cases much faster than manual tracing. Part A of the case covers the related events and decision-making until the launch of the TT app on 20 March 2020. Part B covers the subsequent development efforts, version upgrades, follow-on releases and other issues until November 2021. The ability of the Government Technology Agency of Singapore (GovTech) to respond quickly to this unforeseen crisis was germinated about 7 years prior. Chan Cheow Hoe, Deputy CEO led the transition to a bimodal IT organisation which was internally capable of exploratory and rapid software development, and recently Jason Bay, Senior Director, led the overall effort to create and launch the TT app. As Singapore's COVID-19 situation was changing dynamically, so were the national response policies and the TT app. In August 2021, government officials announced that Singapore would begin the adjustment of living with COVID-19 as an endemic. Yet, as of November 2021, the situation was still highly volatile with the emergence of the Omicron variant. To this end, what would the future hold for TT? Should the health authority sunset TT to assuage concerns of national surveillance? Should they encourage the population to keep using TT as uncertainties remained due to the emergence of new COVID-19 variants? Could a subset of TT's capabilities be repurposed for other national initiatives? What new types of foundational capabilities and supporting infrastructure should GovTech start putting in place now to prepare in advance for the next big unknown?

This case depicts Singapore's TraceTogether (TT) story, beginning in early 2020 when COVID-19 was spreading globally with ravaging effects. TT was the world's first national application of a digital contact-tracing tool. Remarkably, the initial version of TT was developed and launched in just eight weeks. The increasing adoption of TT (both as a mobile app and as a hardware token) enabled the early identification and isolation of infected cases much faster than manual tracing. Part A of the case covers the related events and decision-making until the launch of the TT app on 20 March 2020. Part B covers the subsequent development efforts, version upgrades, follow-on releases and other issues until November 2021. The ability of the Government Technology Agency of Singapore (GovTech) to respond quickly to this unforeseen crisis was germinated about 7 years prior. Chan Cheow Hoe, Deputy CEO led the transition to a bimodal IT organisation which was internally capable of exploratory and rapid software development, and recently Jason Bay, Senior Director, led the overall effort to create and launch the TT app. As Singapore's COVID-19 situation was changing dynamically, so were the national response policies and the TT app. In August 2021, government officials announced that Singapore would begin the adjustment of living with COVID-19 as an endemic. Yet, as of November 2021, the situation was still highly volatile with the emergence of the Omicron variant. To this end, what would the future hold for TT? Should the health authority sunset TT to assuage concerns of national surveillance? Should they encourage the population to keep using TT as uncertainties remained due to the emergence of new COVID-19 variants? Could a subset of TT's capabilities be repurposed for other national initiatives? What new types of foundational capabilities and supporting infrastructure should GovTech start putting in place now to prepare in advance for the next big unknown?

Ian Rosen, the recently appointed executive vice-president of Digital and Strategy at Harry Rosen Inc. (Harry Rosen), a successful men’s retail chain founded by Ian’s grandfather in 1954, must decide on a technology solution to support the advancement of his proposed digital strategy for Harry Rosen. The decision-making challenges he is encountering in early 2020 are compounded by the onset of the global pandemic and resulting impacts on the luxury menswear family retail business. Given the timing of the onset of COVID-19, the challenges and opportunities related to the replacement and upgrading of the company’s e-commerce platform have been heightened. Strategic investment and the seamless execution of a new digital strategy are imperative components of the sustainability of the retailer’s success. Ian must review and consider three different options, finalize his decision and proposal, and be prepared to launch earlier than originally planned.

The case documents the efforts by Lone Stubberup, Global Director of Quality, Health, Safety and Environment (QHSE), to convert her employer to the highest sustainability standards through all its activities. In this way, Jupiter Bach, a Denmark-based producer of nacelles and spinner covers for wind turbines could differentiate itself in a highly competitive, cost-driven industry. Deeply committed to the need of address issues such as material recycling and CO2 emissions, Lone set out to convince the executive board and the firm's VC investors to push sustainability to top of the agenda. A surprising feature of the case is the realization that the wind turbine industry, a much-acclaimed key player in the anticipated energy transition, has been operating as if exonerated from doing its part thanks to the very nature of its activities. Wind turbine producers have been lambasted for their poor sustainability footprint and their disregard for most social and environmental impacts. Cost has been the single focus, in a mad drive to reduce the cost of energy production to levels that competed with other energy sources. Lone knew from the outset she was in for a rough ride, but she was committed to making the case for sustainability at Jupiter Bach. In her mind, this was in line with the firm's leading status in its field and a legitimate value addition that would set the company up for further success. She spent months working on a solid sustainability strategy showing a clear path forward, at a pace the company could handle, that was aligned with the firm's core value of "We Care." She received the necessary support, but reality intruded in 2020 with the COVID-19 crisis, when most clients reverted to a purely cost-driven agenda. Jupiter Bach initially lost significant business because of its higher costs, testing its resolve to put societal benefits near the top of its agenda. Keeping sustainability to the fore was going to be a challenge, but one Lone felt she could

Many innovative business models don't see a profit until they scale up but if the business model itself is fundamentally flawed, that profit won't materialize. Entrepreneurs can determine if their startup is built to last by looking at the profitability at the unit level so they can be sure they're capturing the full value and don't scale too soon.

It was April 2021, and Widjaja Suki, Director of Business Development at NetLink Trust (NLT), was contemplating on his firm's future growth and revenue prospects. NLT was the sole broadband fibre infrastructure provider in Singapore for the residential segment, and had played a key role in the country's Smart Nation initiative towards a digitally-led economy. The firm had relied on a regulatory asset base (RAB) funding model to finance its infrastructure, operations and services. However, it faced stiff competition in the non-residential segment, where telecom players with their own fibre were able to provide broadband services. As of 2020, NLT held an overwhelmingly dominant 91% share of the residential segment, but a far lower 35% share of the non-residential segment. While NLT was the only approved player for the residential market, its share in the segment was not 100%, as some of the residential customers from economically weaker sections had yet not availed broadband services. With limited growth prospects in residential and other segments, what growth strategies could NLT adopt in the coming years? How could the firm expand its business to drive more revenue? Was the RAB framework effective in delivering long-term sustainability for the firm?

This case study focuses on how Ruth Bader Ginsburg ("RBG")-when she was a professor and attorney early in her career, before becoming an appellate judge and Supreme Court Justice-used influence strategies to argue and win one of the earliest successful sex discrimination cases, Moritz v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Although this case study describes the most relevant and interesting details of Moritz, its chief aim is to direct students' attention to those influence strategies and how she developed them. Charles Moritz was a never-married man who took care of his elderly and infirm mother in his home. He employed a caretaker to help him provide her with non-specialized but critical daily care so that he could continue to work at his job in the publishing industry, a job that included travel. At the time (1968), the Internal Revenue Service allowed women and widowers ("widowers" included divorced men) to take a $600 tax deduction to defray some of the costs of employing someone to take care of "a child under the age of 12" or "a disabled relative of any age" in their home so that they could continue to remain employed. Moritz claimed the deduction on his tax return, but the IRS said he did not qualify for it. RBG and her legal team argued the case on behalf of Moritz and won. The overarching questions students are asked to address are these: How did RBG persuade the federal judges (three men) to go against the legal and societal status quo of the time? How did this relatively young woman and her legal team prevail over the federal attorneys arguing on behalf of the Internal Revenue Service?

Supplement for Case W68C54

Ian Rosen, the recently appointed executive vice-president of Digital and Strategy at Harry Rosen Inc. (Harry Rosen), a successful men's retail chain founded by Ian's grandfather in 1954, must decide on a technology solution to support the advancement of his proposed digital strategy for Harry Rosen. The decision-making challenges he is encountering in early 2020 are compounded by the onset of the global pandemic and resulting impacts on the luxury menswear family retail business. Given the timing of the onset of COVID-19, the challenges and opportunities related to the replacement and upgrading of the company's e-commerce platform have been heightened. Strategic investment and the seamless execution of a new digital strategy are imperative components of the sustainability of the retailer's success. Ian must review and consider three different options, finalize his decision and proposal, and be prepared to launch earlier than originally planned.

To address an aging population and sales declines, a major Japanese homebuilder considers pivoting to provide and support an in-home health detection platform, in competition with tech companies. This case considers the point of view of major builders regarding how aggressively to adopt smart home technologies as the nature of demand changes and as they navigate the digitalization of a very traditional bricks and mortar industry. The company has to consider its core business of building and selling homes, which is now under pressure in Japan as the creation of new households is slowing and the population is aging. Should the company incorporate smart home components, particularly regarding health monitoring and early response to health crises, and establish an ongoing service relationship with the occupants? How will major building products manufacturers like Toto and Panasonic respond? Health insurance companies? Can the company's health detection service compete with voice recognition offerings like Alexa and Siri from Amazon and Apple? With respect to serving this aspect of an aging population, will expertise in the tangible real property aspects of homes be a stronger or weaker influence than digital services in this evolution of business and global society?

This case describes the rapid shift to a virtual care model at Stanford Health Care following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2019. SHC's quick pivot allowed caregivers to continue to monitor, diagnose, and treat patients, while also preventing the spread of disease within SHC facilities. Financial considerations and insurance reimbursement issues are covered, and the case concludes with the discussion of a post-pandemic strategy for the long-term use of telehealth at SHC. The case also discusses the history of the telehealth industry.

Driven by a passion to develop his own brand, Sandeep Yadav started Rock Pharmacy in 2014 in a rented area of 700 square feet and with seed capital of US$6,665. His primary customers were patients who required medication regularly for conditions including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and kidney issues, and people who worked for companies in the local area. The venture dealt mainly in patented medication. However, over 2018-2020, there had been a dramatic decrease in sales and profits due to the rise of e-pharmacies and organized pharma, and the business was struggling to meet its operating expenses. Considering the options available to save his business, Yadav had to decide: should he give up his brand and collaborate with online/organized pharma players, or should he compete with them?