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Gives an overview of accounting for equity investments less than 20%. Uses this accounting to introduce the issue of amounts included in the statement of comprehensive income during a different time period from its inclusion in net income (sometimes called "recycled earnings").

Introduces students to a group of investors and stakeholders who evaluate firms at least partially on factors other than eventual investment payoff. Focuses on investors who evaluate and attempt to impact firms' ethical, corporate governance, or other "societal" practices. Such investors vary from large institutions that use this as one component of investing to "ethical" funds that invest solely on these criteria to individual gadfly's who use this forum for their personal initiatives. These nontraditional investors are becoming an increasingly important portion of the financial markets. Thus, managers and investor relations experts must consider their alternative desires when designing disclosure/communication strategies. Considers noninvestor groups that use a firm's financial market information and connections as a lever to impact the firm's behavior.

Describes the general principles of crafting financial deals around the provision of capital to entrepreneurial ventures. Discusses in more detail some of the specific aspects of venture capital term sheets.

This note describes the TSX Venture Exchange in the early 2000s, which is dedicated to the listing and trading of share in junior companies. It also includes a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of such listing.

The retail value proposition (RVP) is the package of benefits, the value offering, that a retailer delivers to its customers. In other words, the RVP is what the retailer offers to customers in exchange for their money, time, effort and loyalty. One way to think about RVP is to equate it to the retail brand or identity, that is, what the retailer stands for in the marketplace. This note describes a way of thinking about how all retailers differentiate themselves from one another on their customer value propositions.

This note is about customer care: what it is and how to manage it in a retail operation. Customer care, often referred to as customer service, has become a very popular subject for retail consultants and commentators because retail managers and customers alike have discovered that customer care just doesn't happen; retail customer care must be designed, delivered and controlled.

Much happens in a retail establishment or a shopping area such as a mall, that shapes how customers feel and behave. Why do customers seem to feel more comfortable in some stores than in others? Why do customers seem to buy more than intended in some stores? In short, this note explores the impact of the retail surroundings or retail environment on customers and explains how retailers manage the shopping experience.

Retail marketers succeed by serving and satisfying customers. Accordingly, every retailer should be vitally concerned with identifying and understanding both current and potential customers, also known as prospects. This note explores how retailers approach customer analysis, segmentation, trade areas, etc.

As the funding requirements for international projects continues to grow, it is becoming increasingly important to understand some of the different tools which exist to raise capital for these projects while maintaining the risk within acceptable bounds. Project finance is a common way of doing this, especially in the mining and oil industries or for the financing of infrastructure developments. This note provides a basic introduction to the topic and discusses this within the context of a simple example.

As the swap market continues to grow, it is important for students to understand this market. This note provides a brief history of the swap market, and discusses the conditions under which one would use some of the different types of swaps available. To clarify this discussion several numerical examples are also provided.

Trends emerging in recent years, such as divestitures, spin-offs and class action suits, make an understanding of valuation of companies with ongoing operations imperative, not only for investors, but also for managers and for a company's directors. The discounted cash flow method to valuation that is discussed in this note will be a guide, first, to business managers in their attempt to follow value maximizing strategies; second, to portfolio managers and security analysts in their effort to discover the true economic value of a company and its equity; and third, to investment bankers in their advisory role of companies involved in merger transactions and restructuring. This note will not demonstrate how to value companies in financial distress; in such cases, a contingent claims valuation will be more appropriate. The discounted cash flow valuation method is demonstrated through the valuation of a Canadian company using actual financial data.

Mortgages are one of the most complex products offered by financial institutions. This is because valuation of these instruments involves an understanding of certain relatively confusing financial concepts. These are: (a) The present value concept,(b) Term versus amortization,(c) Stated yield compounding frequency of payment, and (d) Mortgagee's required yield (otherwise called the opportunity cost of capital). This note discusses these concepts.

This note is about customer care: what it is and how to manage it in a retail operation. Customer care, often referred to as customer service, has become a very popular subject for retail consultants and commentators because retail managers and customers alike have discovered that customer care just doesn't happen; retail customer care must be designed, delivered and controlled.

Trends emerging in recent years, such as divestitures, spin-offs and class action suits, make an understanding of valuation of companies with ongoing operations imperative, not only for investors, but also for managers and for a company's directors. The discounted cash flow method to valuation that is discussed in this note will be a guide, first, to business managers in their attempt to follow value maximizing strategies; second, to portfolio managers and security analysts in their effort to discover the true economic value of a company and its equity; and third, to investment bankers in their advisory role of companies involved in merger transactions and restructuring. This note will not demonstrate how to value companies in financial distress; in such cases, a contingent claims valuation will be more appropriate. The discounted cash flow valuation method is demonstrated through the valuation of a Canadian company using actual financial data.

Explains the concept of implied valuation--i.e., the valuation that can be inferred from a financing event--and how such valuations and financings are represented in a "cap" or capitalization table for a new venture.

Introduces the major communication vehicles and the process by which they can be brought together in an integrated marketing communications plan.

Outlines the mechanics of calculating free cash flows from historical and proforma financial statements. Focuses on the mechanical process of transforming numbers from financial forecasts into cash flows.

Provides a basic introduction to the use of market multiples for business valuation. Explains the method's reliance on the Law of One Price, sets forth the basic steps for using the method, and reviews some practical issues arising in its application.

Provides guidance to junior generation members of a business family concerning negotiating their entry into their family's business.