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Spreadsheet supplement for case 317014.

Showpad is a growing startup whose founders are considering changes to spur growth. The options include changes to the product line, to pricing, and to sales management practices.

In June 2015, Lee Pharma Limited, a small Indian pharmaceutical company, filed an application with the Indian Patent Office for a grant of a compulsory licence to manufacture the diabetes drug Saxagliptin on the grounds that the patented version of the drug had not been made available to the public at an affordable price. The granting of a compulsory licence was expected to make the drug more affordable for the general public, but it would also undermine the interests of the patentee, a Western multinational company. If the developed world imposed sanctions against India in retaliation for such a protectionist measure, the flow of trade and foreign capital into the country would be adversely affected. Should the patent office strictly enforce the patent regime, which would encourage higher foreign capital inflows in research and development in the Indian pharmaceutical industry and promote inventions and innovations in the country? Or should it grant the compulsory licence, thereby attaching greater weight to the welfare of India's general public?

In April 2016, the yoga guru who started Patanjali Ayurved Limited declared that his company's revenue would exceed that of Colgate-Palmolive India by the end of the year and would overtake Hindustan Unilever in India in three years. Patanjali's revenue grew 125-150 per cent from the previous year. The company aimed to continue growing at a rate of 100-125 per cent annually over the next three years, as a manufacturer and marketer of a wide range of products including flour, biscuits, noodles, spices, honey, and toothpaste. It also considered exploring international expansion to support its high growth targets. Could Patanjali aggressively expand into more categories while maintaining sustainable growth?

In 2015, an ancillary client of a leading investment bank based in New Delhi, was looking to increase revenues from the two-wheeler and four-wheeler vehicle segments by acquiring customers that were original equipment manufacturers. A financial analyst was assigned the task of evaluating the options and identifying the right target to acquire for the client. The analyst used comparable company analysis and comparable transaction analysis, as well as valuation ratios (enterprise value-to-sales; enterprise value-to-earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization; and price-to-earnings per share) to arrive at Talbros Automotive Components Limited as the best target for the client. For comparable company analysis, the analyst also compiled a list of four publicly traded firms that were similar to Talbros Automotive Components Limited. The analyst needed to arrive at the final valuation range by combining the results of both techniques (i.e., comparable company analysis and comparable transaction analysis), which could be achieved by using a football field analysis.

This technical note introduces students to fundamental concepts in process analysis and is appropriate for both undergraduate and MBA students in an introductory operations management course. It can be used as a stand-alone text for a lecture-based course or supplement for a case-based course. Concepts are broken out by section so that readings can be partitioned by class topic. Definitions of key terms are emphasized throughout the note, and a glossary is included in the appendix. Straightforward calculations are performed within the text to introduce students to process analysis. Topics covered include process mapping, capacity analysis, load balancing, batch processing, and Little's Law. A simple example of a Hawaiian-shirt production process is used to illustrate these core process-analysis topics.

After developing powerful software, young entrepreneurs Raffael Maio and Joël Winteregg, founded NetGuardians in 2007. Their initial idea was to help companies improve security. (i) Over time, the two entrepreneurs improved their technology and decided to focus on defeating and preventing fraud in banking, where there was a gap in the market. In 2014 around $67 billion was lost due to banking fraud, 70% of it committed by employees inside the company. In 2015 the company was named a Gartner Cool Vendor, a worldwide industry recognition for companies that offer technologies or solutions that are innovative, impactful and intriguing. (ii) In the nine years since they had founded their company, Joël and Raffael had raised $6 billion in two rounds of funding. The company employed around 30 people in R&D offices in Kenya, Singapore and Poland. It had customers in Africa, the Middle East and Europe, and was breaking ground in Asia. (iii) Now it was time for NetGuardians to tackle some important strategic decisions: Should the company expand to other markets? Should it expand its product offering? Or should it focus on growing its customer base? (iv) Whatever the decision, it would lead to a change in business model that would have a significant impact on the company.

Real estate, land, and improvements can be defined both in a physical and legal sense as the rights to own or use them. This note discusses the physical attributes of real estate, the statute of frauds, the rights of ownership, and the constraints on the ownership of real property.

This notes describes the institutional landscape of real estate ownership. Because persons other than their formal owners today manage most large-scale properties, this note emphasizes the nature and structure of arrangements between owners and managers. It is organized into three main sections: the attributes of real property ownership; the importance of management expertise to the performance of real estate investments; and a review of the fundamental characteristics of different legal vehicles for real property ownership.

As a veteran international development specialist, Vivian Lowery Derryck spent 35 years trying to influence governments in Africa by working with State Department and United States Agency for International Development (USAID) officials, African heads of state, and non-profit leaders across the continent. She believed the right outside pressure and expert collaboration could meaningfully shape U.S. foreign policy toward Africa and improve democracy in African governance. Derryck left her tenure as Senior Vice President and Director of Public-Private Partnerships at the former Academy for Educational Development (AED) and joined the inaugural Advanced Leadership Initiative Fellowship program at Harvard University. She thought it would be an ideal opportunity to build on a long-standing desire to start an institute to build African democracy and strengthen good governance on the continent. She launched the Bridges Institute to promote civil society as a pivotal actor in bringing about more inclusive and effective policy dialogue in Africa. This case follows her journey and raises important questions about how to achieve such large scale change.

"Keyssa: Unraveling the Laws of Physics" explores the challenges associated with growing a start-up around a brand new technology. In October 2012, Eric Almgren became CEO of Keyssa. Founded in 2009, Keyssa reinvented the physical connector, an essential component in every computing and mobile device around the globe. Using a novel technology called Kiss Connectivity, Keyssa enabled contactless, wireless, secure, instant data flows within and between devices, while freeing product designers from the constraints of bulky but fragile metal connectors. Almgren was confident that this technology would have a huge impact on the next generation of mobile and computing devices. However, he faced several challenges in his efforts to grow Keyssa. Specific obstacles addressed include: replacing an existing CEO; raising money in a challenging fundraising environment; aligning on the company's go-to-market strategy; determining the right approach with regard to industry standards; and assessing opportunities outside of Keyssa's core computing and mobile markets. To Almgren and the Keyssa team, there was little doubt about the endless opportunities for Keyssa's revolutionary technology. Yet they also knew that it was only a matter of time before competitors would develop market ready products across multiple industries. Against that backdrop, Keyssa would need to continue innovating for the customers and industries that mattered most.

The Board of Alere, Inc, a leading medical diagnostic firm, is evaluating the offer made by Ron Zwanziger, the firm's founder and former CEO, to acquire the company and take it private. The offer arrives at the end of a tumultuous year for the company, which saw Zwanziger fighting and ultimately losing a confrontation with activist investors Coppersmith Capital. How should the board evaluate this offer? Should they reject it, on the basis that Zwanziger's decision to expand into integrated healthcare solutions was the main reason behind the company's poor stock performance, as Coppersmith claimed? Or should they once more place their trust in Zwanziger's leadership, and in Alere's ability to effectively implement his vision?

The Paramount is a 44-seat diner on Charles Street in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston. A frequent "Best of Boston" award winner, the restaurant is a perennial favorite among locals and tourists, particularly for brunch on the weekends, when lines often stretch down the street. The case focuses on the restaurant's interesting seating policy and a recent increase in the popularity of carryout orders, which poses a threat to the service experiences of customers and the sustainability of the operation.

A smooth transition from former CEO John Chambers to new CEO Chuck Robbins had put Cisco in a position of strength. Looking back, the board reflected on what they had done well and what they might have done differently, and pondered whether another company might be able to implement a similar CEO transition process. This case reviews the specific steps taken by the board of directors and other stakeholders during the selection process. Participants in the process included John Chambers, who was the company's CEO at the time, the Cisco board of directors, Cisco's human resources group, and the executive search firm Spencer Stuart. The process occurred in several stages, including an informal stage during which the board became familiar with candidates, followed by a 16-month formal process with goal-setting and clear definition of roles for all involved, various interactions with and evaluations of possible candidates, and voting.

Supplements the (A) case (417-031). This case supplement describes Cisco's communications strategy around the CEO announcement, which focused on controlling the narrative and avoiding leaks. The strategy included both internal and external processes aimed at introducing the new CEO to employees and the general public, respectively. Externally, the process unfolded without media leaks and with a modest stock market reaction.

Supplements the (A) case (417-031). This case supplement describes new CEO Chuck Robbins' earliest days after being announced as Cisco's new chief executive. During this time, Robbins focused on building a leadership team featuring people with complementary skills and the disclosure of top executive departures during the transition period. Chambers also assumed his new role as executive chairman during this time frame.

In 2005 Craig Purse, the CEO of Videojet, a company recently acquired by the conglomerate Danaher, is dealing with the unexpected failure of a new high tech printer just launched in the market. The new product exemplified the first real instance in which the Videojet team had used the managerial processes of the Danaher Business System (DBS). Was the failure of the new printer a sign that the DBS was fundamentally inadequate for product development projects? Or was the failure instead a symptom that the Videojet team had not properly adopted the DBS? What should Purse do to correct the course of the company?

In 2005 Craig Purse, the CEO of Videojet, a company recently acquired by the conglomerate Danaher, is dealing with the unexpected failure of a new high tech printer just launched in the market. The new product exemplified the first real instance in which the Videojet team had used the managerial processes of the Danaher Business System (DBS). Was the failure of the new printer a sign that the DBS was fundamentally inadequate for product development projects? Or was the failure instead a symptom that the Videojet team had not properly adopted the DBS? What should Purse do to correct the course of the company?

This case focuses on growth requirements for a company moving from its base in SMB customers (Small and Mid-Sized businesses) to Enterprise customers (companies with more than 500 employees). It examines the differences in buying processes, product requirements, after-sale services, and the implications for organizing and deploying sales resources at InsideSales.com.

Supplement to case 817018.