個案資料

Orix Investment Bank Pakistan Limited (OIBPL) was a non-bank financial institution (NBFI) providing corporate finance, brokerage and other services to large enterprises and was listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. The annual financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2008 revealed that, as a result of default by one customer, the bank had incurred an enormous loss of over half a billion rupees, which had seriously eroded the bank's capital base. As a consequence, the bank had to seek new capital through a rights issue and this had required support of the Japanese sponsor, Orix Japan, to underwrite the issue. The customer in default was Callmate Telips Telecom Limited (CTTL); details are in Callmate Telips (A) - Choice of Accounting Policy case, No. 9B08N028. The case includes the instance of share price volatility that had been faced by the stock market in Pakistan. Two investigations had been done into the abnormal rise of the market. One of these investigation reports had identified OIBPL as a key player in the speculative dealings that were financed through the overnight financing system known as badla. Another investigation by the NBFI regulator, Securities Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP), had examined the abnormally large volume of CTTL share trades on the KSE and found the directors of Callmate involved in manipulating the company share price. The directors were prosecuted and the judge had issued warrants for their arrests. The directors, faced with a difficult situation of a very large loss, decided to delay disclosing the loss by six months. There was circumstantial evidence in the case that would suggest that the directors should have known about the conviction of the directors of Callmate and that this would have an adverse affect on the share price of the company. The auditor's report also was the standard clean report, in spite of the seriousness of the court decision, as it made the shares of Callmate worthless. The case can be used to examine corporate governance by analyzing a) the decisions of the directors b) the report of the external auditor c) the composition of the board of directors. If Case A is also being used, the dealings of CTTL with the regulator of publicly listed companies can also be included. There is an ethical dimension of governance and this viewpoint can also be discussed especially where both cases are being used.

This case can be used in either an MBA or a senior executive program in the following two areas: Corporate governance: To highlight the various pressures that made it difficult for the management to follow a framework of corporate governance; Business ethics: To evaluate business ethics involved in the company's decisions, such as dealings in Badla, withholding information from the stakeholders, and other aspects of the company's operations.

• Corporate Governance
• Risk Management