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When Timothy Yu and Katherine Cheung, Snapask's CEO and Chief Marketing Officer, respectively, decided to enter the Indonesian market, they knew that this wouldn't be a snap. Snapask was an education technology company that applied machine learning and mobile cloud services to make education more effective, personalized, and accessible to everyone. After an uncertain kickoff in Hong Kong SAR, a very successful entry in China Taiwan, and relevant experience in the Southeast Asian region, Timothy and Katherine had learned that an in-depth knowledge of their stakeholders and the target educational context were key for their success. During the two-month pilot program in Indonesia, Katherine found out that their existing subscription model did not fit the market. Instead of monthly or yearly subscriptions, the Indonesian students expected to pay by prepaid cards. How could Snapask market and price its product in this different context? In Indonesia, Katherine had to adjust the strategy and formulate a proposal for Timothy accordingly.

Wilo SE, headquartered in Dortmund, Germany, was a leading supplier of pumps and pump systems for the building services, water management and industrial sectors, which was doing business in more than 50countries. Based on current global developments in politics, economy, and society, Oliver Hermes, President and CEO of Wilo Group, saw a de-coupling of three tectonic plates centered in China, USA, and Western Europe. At the Wilo management conference in September 2020 Hermes informed stakeholders about the decision to establish a 2nd headquarters in Beijing within the next few months, and possibly to open a 3rdheadquarters in the following year in the USA. He stated: "With the opening of a 2nd headquarters I want to set a sign. Wilo has to keep up with current global developments - whether we like them or not. A stronger regionalization of Wilo is necessary to continue our global success." The case text introduces the key measures to establish the 2nd headquarters in China.

2021 was a banner year for Elon Musk. CEO of the electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla, the aerospace manufacturer SpaceX, and a few smaller startups, Musk became the richest person on Earth after Tesla reached a market capitalization of $1 trillion and SpaceX a private valuation of $100 billion. Both companies made bet big on risky technologies. Now that they were leaders in booming industries, the task was to retain their lead. Musk had proposed a round of big new bets for each company: Tesla was to work with partners to rapidly expand battery production with a focus on lithium-iron phosphate batteries, and SpaceX was to launch thousands more of its Starlink satellites aboard Starship, the largest launch system ever devised. Meanwhile, Tesla faced litigation related to SEC complaints and safety concerns about its Autopilot driver-assistance system, and SpaceX's growing Starlink constellation similarly raised safety concerns. For Musk, the question was: should he consolidate gains and fix the operational, legal, and political problems before launching new initiatives, or should he proceed full speed ahead?

This is the story of how Agoda, a subsidiary of the Booking Holdings online travel group, made its way to a single "KPI + constraint" model that helps run a good bit of the business. It took some trial and error to get there; the KPIs that were developed and tested along the way promoted both positive and counterproductive behaviors and outcomes. But the business found its guiding principles, implemented them, improved performance, and fostered learning and cooperation in the process.

Successful digital transformations require leaders to frame performance targets around data-defined business objectives rather than technological capabilities. The authors share a four-component leadership framework they developed for KPI-driven digital transformation that enables a virtuous cycle of improvement. They also discuss how to design effective strategic KPI portfolios.

The case Reviving Edwards Lifesciences provides a vehicle to understand the evolution of Edwards Lifesciences (EL) as a leader in the heart valve replacement industry, with solutions for aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves. The company has been at the forefront of innovation specifically in the research, design, and manufacturing of multiple generations of valves used in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The case describes the various components of strategy and organization that EL successfully integrated to manage the process of continuous innovation, and to create and deliver outstanding value over an extended period to customers, partners, and shareholders, thereby earning the admiration of analysts and management experts.

After years of learning from the best bakeries around the world, Polish entrepreneur Monika Walecka returned to her native Poland and, in 2019, opened her artisanal bakery, All in Flour. The bakery was an extension of her values and struck a delicate balance between financial and social objectives. All in Flour was located in one of the most upscale districts of Warsaw and focused on top-quality bread products. It used high-quality, diverse, and expensive ingredients sourced from small, local suppliers, and its bread prices were probably the highest in Warsaw. Walecka was considering whether to pursue any development options. In fact, her preferred option, at present, was to do nothing. She knew that growth was not an obvious choice because it came with risk, costs, and problems. Nevertheless, the decision of whether to change something was becoming the most important challenge of her entrepreneurial career as a baker.

Applied Intuition, a leader in autonomous vehicle simulation software, has just closed on a $175 million round of Series D financing that values the four-year-old firm at $3.6 billion. With the immediate future secure, CEO Qasar Younis must now chart a strategic course for Applied Intuition's growth over the next ten years.

The case opens in September 2021 as Hamza Jawaid and Saad Jangda, co-founders of Bazaar technologies (Bazaar), the Pakistani high growth B2B e-commerce marketplace, are contemplating whether the year-and-a half old startup should also venture into offering financing to its customers, the thousands of mom-and-pop stores around Pakistan. Since its founding in mid 2020, the company has been growing its core business full throttle and also launched a digital ledger app to help with customer acquisition. Meanwhile, the co-founders are growing the team and geographically expanding Bazaar's operations beyond Karachi. Jawaid and Jangda need to weigh the pros and cons of branching out to financing and decide, with so much going on, whether this is the right time for such a move. The case provides a background on Pakistan, its retail and e-commerce space to then talk about Bazaar's founding story and its founders' ambitious mission to create a generational story in and for Pakistan. The case then talks about the company's pillars: technology, warehousing and logistics, and culture in detail and provides details on its day-to-day operations. Next, the case chronicles the company's growth both product -wise and geographically. Bazaar is trying to take a stake and solidify its place in the booming $170 billion retail market in the world's fifth-most populous nation which is yet to see much deployment of technology, and is in hypergrowth mode with a number of competing priorities. The co-founders need to decide if venturing into financing now is a good idea and whether it would take away from the company's sharp focus on the B2B business and its culture that the co-founders so passionately built. The decision is made more complicated, because the company has the funds to deploy and many think that financing will also fuel the growth of the core business.

The case opens in January 2022 as Hamza Jawaid and Saad Jangda, co-founders of Bazaar technologies (Bazaar), the Pakistani high growth B2B e-commerce marketplace, are looking over the performance of the newly launched "buy now, play later" feature. The traction looks promising and seems to deliver more share of wallet per customer, so the co-founders are trying to envisage how big this business could get and whether it would overtake Bazaar's core business. The case provides a background on the launch of the delayed payment feature-it seems low risk and additive to the core business and is financed by the capital previously raised. The competitive environment is bound to heat up and the co-founders need to decide how best to sustainably grow this new business while also expanding the B2B business across 15 cities in the next six months.

Most managers in an international business are likely to be involved with international joint ventures (IJVs) during their career. IJVs have a greater chance of success if the businesses involved have good advisers on their teams. However, it can be a challenge to know what advisers to hire and how best to utilize their expertise. Drawing on their extensive career experience, the authors recommend best practices for hiring and working with international joint venture advisers based on three perspectives: legal, business, and academic. The possible roles of advisers, value versus cost of advisers, and what to look for and avoid when hiring advisers are outlined and framed within specific business examples.

Moksha Data, a boutique consulting firm specializing in public sector work, started in January 2017 with a handshake between friends and a shared commitment to the principles of egalitarianism, ownership, and collaboration. The Houston-based firm had built momentum since its inception, despite the obstacles posed by the pandemic. By October 2021, it had become a go-to consulting firm for non-profits and local government agencies in and around Houston. Yet, Moksha managing partner Neeraj Tandon was acutely aware that the firm faced internal and external challenges. How it responded to those challenges would determine whether the firm would sustain its momentum and what kind of a firm it would grow into.

In 2019, a decade after co-founding Nexleaf Analytics, CEO Nithya Ramanathan faced an important decision that would impact the ability of the small, but growing, not-for-profit organization to thrive for another decade. Their sensor technologies and big data analytics helped protect the planet and preserve human life by reducing pollution via smarter cookstoves and enhancing the vaccine storage process to help ensure millions of individuals across the developing world received effective vaccines. They had recently decided to relentlessly focus on these two core areas in which they faced growing competition from for-profit companies (especially in the vaccine domain), but an opportunity had arisen to expand into the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) space. Although there were some similarities with their existing technology, it would be a large undertaking for the resource-constrained organization. Should they stay focused on growing their vaccine refrigeration efforts to new countries, partner with fridge manufacturers to vertically integrate their offerings, or jump head first into the NICU field which had numerous existing players (none of whom offered what Nexleaf could). Further, as a not-for-profit, should they open source their core intellectual property in the vaccine space in an attempt to become a keystone player for the entire ecosystem, increasing their ability to achieve their mission?

Work that permits autonomy and problem-solving can bolster employees' cognitive skills and learning over time. While both fluid cognitive abilities and crystallized knowledge typically plateau or begin to decline with age, the authors' research finds that well-designed work can counter that effect. The authors discuss how organizations and managers can use good work design to strengthen their workforce's ability to adapt to new processes, tools, and roles.

This is a game simulation case on yield management for the hotel industry. Students play the role of the reservation manager and are allowed to make hotel bookings for consumers who want to book hotel rooms at the Inn or Out hotel. Students are encouraged to accept the bookings based on the principles of yield management. At the end of the game, students can see the amount of revenue that they have generated for the hotel based on the bookings that they have accepted and rejected. The game allows students to apply different strategies for high season and low season bookings. Penalties are applied to the revenue scores based on whether the rooms were overbooked or under booked. The case accompanying the game allows students to understand the concepts of yield management that they need to apply to play the game well and achieve higher scores. A separate set of settings in the game allows the instructor to adjust the various parameters of the game, and present consumers with different profiles, so as to assess the student's understanding of yield management strategies. The Teaching Note serves as a guide for the instructor to execute the game in the classroom for students, and to cover the basic concepts in yield management through the game.

The case analyses how Burberry developed and executed a strategy centered on millennial consumers, British appeal and distinctive digital capabilities, transforming the sesquicentennial brand into an international luxury powerhouse. Burberry's digital transformation was spearheaded by CEO Angela Ahrendts and Chief Creative Officer (CCO) Christopher Bailey. Between 2006 and 2014, the duo launched a multitude of initiatives, such as innovative social media campaigns, livestream fashion shows, and a new e-commerce platform, enabled by a state-of-the-art technological infrastructure and a closely connected organisational culture. When Ahrendts left to join Apple, Bailey assumed the position of CEO and CCO at Burberry. In May 2015, 10 months into his new dual role, Bailey prepared to report mixed results for the last financial year and reveal his plans to address the challenges presented by the changing competitive landscape.

This case study follows the evolution of plant-based meat alternatives industry, focusing specifically on the major competitors namely Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat. It provides a good snapshot of the way in which the new industry has evolved and the manner in which key industry forces have begun to shape the competitiveness and profitability of this nascent industry. It builds on an analysis of the industry to explore the fortunes of the rising stars in the business and concludes with several key questions about the potential future trajectory of the Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods in the face of new competitors and the defensive strategies deployed by the established meat producers. The case sets up the backdrop for a spirited debate relating to the viability of the strategies of the established rivals versus the emerging new players in the midst of unclear consumer trends and preferences.

In 2020, the movie business was turned upside down by the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced the closure of theatres. Unable to open their doors, exhibitors had little to no revenue to cover costs, and market analysts predicted that the future for theatre chains, particularly AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC), looked bleak. Then in early 2021, a large number of small retail investors bought shares in AMC. By the July 4th weekend, AMC stock was worth more than 25 times what it had been worth at the beginning of the year. In a post-pandemic environment, could AMC’s chief executive officer, Adam Aron, objectively weigh strategic options to decide what should be the appropriate size and scope of the firm going forward, without being overly influenced by shareholders with shorter time horizons?

In 2016, BlewMinds Consulting LLP was launched as a storytelling consulting start-up with the vision of touching and transforming five billion lives by 2030. One of the two co-founders was already well-known on the LinkedIn social network platform, with more than 600,000 followers. He was also recognized as one of the 25 Top Voices in India by LinkedIn for 2019. The company transformed 725,000 lives directly and 200 million readers indirectly through social media stories, one-on-one training, group coaching sessions, webinars, and speaking engagements, driven mainly by the co-founder's extensive LinkedIn follower base. However, to realize the company's vision, several questions remained: How could the co-founders create a community of storytellers within the organization who could effectively establish trust through communication and contribute collectively to the company's growth? How could they engage a wider audience by effectively leveraging the co-founder's strategic influencer communication on social media? Should the company continue its bootstrapped business model or should investors be sought?