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Southwest Airlines has defied gravity as a leading domestic airliner with consistent profitability, extreme customer loyalty, and a happy labor force. Organizational excellence and a positive corporate culture has propelled Southwest to its leadership position in the US aviation industry. But what is the secret that keeps this airliner flying miles above its competitors? While success can be attributed to several competing factors, students will hone in on leadership, employees, and community impact to assess Southwest's organizational excellence.

Instacart is testing an Uber-style solution to the challenge of building a home-delivered grocery business. It is backed by $220 million of venture funding. Will this model succeed where businesses like Webvan failed? What are the questions that this exploratory venture needs to answer?

The continent of Europe seemed in the spring of 2015 to be in a weaker position relative to other world regions than it had in centuries. Though comparatively small, it had long played a disproportionate role in world history, to the extent that the modern world system of states itself in large parts had been created in the wake of European imperialism. This case examines the deep history of Europe's so-called "Great Divergence," the means by which it achieved "modern economic growth" and conquered large parts of the known world, and the consequences of this moment for the past, present, and future of capitalism.

Bikanervala - a manufacturer of Indian snacks and sweets and restaurant chain - had a goal to put Indian ethnic food in a prominent position globally. Its initiatives taken over the years had ranged from introducing new cuisines to streamlining processes, systems and standards that helped the firm keep customers happy. Through these initiatives, Bikanervala had been able to diversify and grow both in India and internationally. But the food services industry faced a set of challenges, with the most important being a lack of availability of skilled workers. What could Bikanervala do to meet this challenge and keep at pace with the growing industry?

Business Fundas, a portal that publishes educational business and management articles, is situated within the electronic publishing industry, which has many players and is highly fragmented. The start-up company faces many challenges in its efforts to position itself for growth and to take advantage of various innovative value propositions and business models. The senior managers hope to gain insights into user-specific trends through the use of data analytics.

Tata Steel Zoological Park (Tata Zoo) has been created on a large piece of land in the middle of a growing city. As its sponsoring corporation, Tata Steel, has become more cost conscious, there is pressure on the corporation to stop funding Tata Zoo. Some consultants are of the opinion that the land would be better utilized for commercial purposes. As a result, Tata Zoo now faces a dilemma: how can it generate finances and also serve its social and environmental initiatives?

This case is set in July 2013, shortly after the launch of Surf Air, an all-you-can-fly subscription airline based in California. Wade Eyerly, the CEO of Surf Air, has to decide if the business model is sustainable, and also if Surf Air could be expanded to other locations. Three directional trends are predominant in the domestic airline industry in the US - consolidation of airlines, operational discipline and cost-cutting, and an unbundling of services to create ancillary revenue streams. Customers are struggling as shrinking hubs or cancelled point-to-point routes result in more flight connections, and higher costs to reach their destinations. Surf Air is introduced in the California region to address the above issues, by providing frequent business travellers an affordable option through a monthly subscription. The airline commences operations with six-seater Pilatus PC-12 jets serving two secondary airports in Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay area; and this is shortly followed by another service to Santa Barbara. Eyerly notes that the months leading up to the launch of Surf Air have brought about high expectations from his investors and the media. Would the all-you-can-fly model of Surf Air prove to be sustainable? Where could Surf Air expand to next?

Part (A) of the case is about how Shashank Nigam, CEO of SimpliFlying Pte Ltd, a company based in Singapore, searches for the corporate strategy and vision for his company. SimpliFlying was founded in March 2008, and was originally a blog which commented on issues in marketing aviation. After thinking about how he could find a niche for his business, Nigam decided to sell his company's services by combining the three pillars of aviation, marketing and technology through social media. However, he recognised that he still needed to decide on the long-term positioning of the company - should SimpliFlying focus on strategy consulting, strategy execution (agency) work, or both? At the same time, Nigam's company was also receiving calls from hotels to help them with branding projects. Nigam needed to make a decision.

Part (A) of the case is about how Shashank Nigam, CEO of SimpliFlying Pte Ltd, a company based in Singapore, searches for the corporate strategy and vision for his company. SimpliFlying was founded in March 2008, and was originally a blog, which commented on issues in marketing aviation. After thinking about how he could find a niche for his business, Nigam decided to sell his company's services by combining the three pillars of aviation, marketing and technology through social media. However, he recognised that he still needed to decide on the long-term positioning of the company - should SimpliFyling focus on strategy consulting, or strategy execution (agency) work, or both. At the same time, Nigam's company was also receiving calls from hotels to help them with branding projects. In the end, Nigam decides that the company should handle business that was related to aviation strategy only. Part (B) of the case covers a specific project that SimpliFlying is handling. By November 2011, SimpliFlying had developed into a reputed aviation market strategy consulting and training firm. Estonian Airline's social media loyalty programme was not only SimpliFlying's second major airline project, but also the first airline loyalty programme in the world to be driven purely by social media. Despite the challenging timeline - only eight weeks from conceptualisation to launch - SimpliFlying had managed to deliver beyond expectations. However, Nigam had to consider if the approach he had used was the best way to implement bigger projects going forward.

Hasn't everyone at some point felt as if the universe was conspiring against his or her success? This case narrative tracks the story of Emmett Taylor, an operations manager for a bottling company, as a snow and ice storm bears down on his southeastern U.S. plant. Taylor is already plagued by stress caused by all facets of his life-family, work, and personal health-and this storm is no exception. The story offers an opportunity to discuss time, energy, and priority management; individual behavior from a type-A personality; work-life balance; organizational behavior; and leadership. This case is a suitable substitution for the classic best-selling Darden case "John Wolford" (UVA-OB-167). This disguised case sets the stage for the accompanying B case (UVA-C-2368), which takes place directly after Regina releases its earnings.

In June 2014, Chartered Speed Private Limited, the contract provider for the much acclaimed Bus Rapid Transit System of Ahmedabad, India, would like to improve customer service in order to position itself strongly during upcoming contract renewal talks with Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, the municipal body responsible for the system. Buses arrive at the company's workshops during the night for daily repairs and leave the next morning for their scheduled runs. However, given time and resource constraints, bus departures may either be delayed or buses may have to leave the workshop without the scheduled repair operations. Moreover, there is a long list of deficiencies with the buses or drivers and of incidents, such as accidents or breakdowns, that can result in financial penalties to the company. How should maintenance activities be designed to minimize the penalty losses and guarantee high customer service levels?

Unique accelerator fund in Latin America, facing challenges on how to keep growing, including development of venture capital fund and leveraging of entrepreneur ecosystem.

Juan Antonio Jimenez is the new Executive Director of the Toliza Museum of Art located in Spain. Jimenez is concerned that the museum lost money in 2008 and wants to understand what the financial results for the current year (2009) are likely to be. The museum has an extensive collection of contemporary and classical art which are shown as Regular Exhibits. The museum also hosts travelling Special Exhibits made up of items loaned by other galleries for a short period of time. The case asks students to use variance analysis to examine the causes of the 2008 losses based on the current cost allocation and to do a straightforward revenue projection based on a scenario where concessionary ticket prices are increased. The second half of the case uses activity based costing to reallocate costs and examine whether the Special Exhibits were profitable in 2008.

Variance analysis is widely used in budgeting and managerial accounting, and is a required skill to be taught in any introductory budget course. The Kalamazoo Zoo is a short, amusing case for use in teaching variance analysis. The case is best taught after students have already learned the basics of variance analysis, using a standard text. [Recommended material is "Variance Analysis and Flexible Budgeting," Harvard Business School Publishing, Note 9-101-039, c 2000, and the on-line HBS tutorial on variance analysis]. The Kalamazoo case may be used as a short homework assignment or an in-class group exercise. In the case, students must determine why the Zoo is losing money. Using variance analysis, students can examine the impact of the Zoo's successful animal breeding program (which has produced a higher number of animals) and the quantity of food the animals are consuming. From this simple premise, the case can be used to discuss the revenue and expenditure implications for the Zoo, and to discuss how further variance analysis is necessary to fully understand the drivers of financial performance. The case also allows for a discussion of simple budget options that would enhance revenues and/or decrease expenditures.

In 2010, Rob Dyrdek launched a new skateboarding league called Street League Skateboarding (SLS) with the goal of raising the profile of street skateboarding around the world. Dyrdek had excelled within the world of professional skateboarding for more than 20 years, during which time he amassed he amassed a large following of international fans. In 2006, Dyrdek gained further fame through his starring role in the MTV reality series Rob & Big, which reached more than 70 million viewers in its first season. On the show, Dyrdek often discussed his many entrepreneurial pursuits and creative passions. Among these pursuits, Dyrdek imagined recreating the world of professional skateboarding through the creation of a new, innovative skateboarding league.

In 2014, Dr. Michael Dulin, chief clinical officer for analytics and outcomes research and head of the Dickson Advanced Analytics (DA2) group at Carolinas HealthCare System (CHS), successfully unified all analytics talent and resources into one group over a three year period. Rapid increases in computing power and decreases in data storage costs had enabled DA2's data architects to build predictive models incorporating complex clinical, financial, demographic, and claims data that would have been impossible to create only a few years before. However, in 2014, both Apple and Google announced features in their new mobile operating systems that collected and displayed output from various health-wearables (like heart-rate monitors or step-counters), as well as electronic medical record (EMR) data. Their expertise in analytics, access to demographic and location data, as well as large consumer bases, led Dulin to consider which players consumers would trust to integrate their healthcare data in the future and what role DA2 could play.

At the time of its launch, Contently was a digital marketplace, where small businesses, agencies, and corporations could search for writers. But recent financial results showed that Contently earned substantially more profit from its Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) business than from its writers' commissions.

Li & Fung Limited (LF), a Hong Kong-based multinational, was a global leader in consumer goods design, development, sourcing, and distribution. LF managed the entire supply chain for retailers and brands around the world by working with a network of over 15,000 supplier companies in more than 40 economies in Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The company faced rising expectations on safety compliance, environment, social, and working standards. It decided to create an integrated and holistic strategy to address these issues in a manner that would create solutions and build value for LF customers in sustainable supply chain management.

The founder and chief executive officer of Human Touch Connect Pte. Ltd. was hard at work in his office in Singapore. He had been working on the detailed valuation of his latest venture, EatOnline.Asia, to be presented to the partner of Top Line Ventures, a venture capital firm. He was hoping to be able to convince the firm to invest the required amount of SGD1.5 million. The founder wondered what method(s) of valuation he could use to reflect the fair value of the project. The second issue that was troubling him was, in the event that he was successful in convincing Top Line Ventures, how much stake he could offer for an investment of SGD1.5 million.