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Hairstrong Inc. (Hairstrong) sold hair scrunchies, and the business's founder had experienced significant success since selling her first products in September 2019. Sales had reached CA$90,000, and media coverage came from outlets such as Good Morning America, Chatelaine, and Global News. However, the founder wanted to expand on the early success to double current total annual revenue and consider making Hairstrong her full-time occupation. This meant significantly expanding Hairstrong's exposure geographically and building an efficient and targeted marketing plan. This would not be an easy task given the myriad opportunities the founder had to consider.

In early 2023, the executive chef and owner of Craft Farmacy was considering the feasibility of expanding to a second location in Waterloo, Ontario. Craft Farmacy was a farm-to-table restaurant in London, Ontario that featured an upscale, rustic bistro style dining experience. During 2022, the owner had visited similar farm-to-table restaurants in the Kitchener-Waterloo region to verify his sales, investment, and cost assumptions; this data allowed him to project financial statements and cash budgets for the new restaurant. With the projections complete, the owner thought he could analyze the risk of the expansion, and then decide whether or not a second location in Waterloo would be a wise investment.

AutoNation Inc. (AutoNation), the largest auto dealership group in the United States, found itself in an envious position at the end of 2022. Sales and profits were at an all-time high, and AutoNation had a strong cash position and growth aspirations. However, the auto industry was undergoing changes, driven primarily by the electric vehicle (EV) revolution that was in full swing in early 2023. Committed to an EV future, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) were set to introduce more than forty new models in 2023 alone and were exploring direct-to-consumer channels that would take the dealership out of the sales process. Importantly, EVs would cost half as much as internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to maintain, taking a large chunk of margin away from auto dealerships' parts and service (P&S) business. How could AutoNation evolve and change its business model to ensure the company would not only survive but also thrive within these new industry dynamics?

In 2014, Samuel Holmström and Jens Lundqvist took over Lundqvist Trävaru, the conservative construction company owned by the Lundqvist family for the last 80 years. Through a revolutionary digital transformation process, they redefined the company as a technology-enabled logistics and building kit company. In the last eight years, they expanded operations and manufacturing space in Sweden and other parts of the world, and they added 52 new employees in approximately 10 years. Holmström and Lundqvist had many questions on their minds: Should they pursue all the growth options that were available to the company? Should they identify and focus on a few key opportunities? And what kind of resources would they need to mobilize to achieve their technical and growth objectives?

This article explores the definition and evolution of AI, its applications in education, and the role of AI, particularly in K-12 education. It discusses the founding of Riiid, an AI-driven educational technology company, and its journey in the education sector, with a focus on the TOEIC market in South Korea.

In the spring of 2023, and following the favorable results of a trial involving its phage cocktail for treating lung infections among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, the leadership of BiomX had several critical issues to wrestle with. First, given its precarious financial position, with funds to continue operating for about 18 months, the company was considering how it could raise more money. Possibilities included finding a buyer, convincing an entity to take them private with a cash infusion, securing a private investment in public equity (PIPE) deal, and trying to interest institutional investors to buy shares. Second, given the positive results just reported and the pending outcome of ongoing trials, management began assessing the commercial potential for its treatment for lung infections in CF patients. The executives had to define the likely total addressable market (TAM) as well as what could be a reasonable price to charge; other go to market challenges, such as educating the medical community and convincing payers to cover the treatment, would also need to be overcome. Lastly, if the ongoing trials in CF patients also produced positive results and additional funding was secured, the company had to decide on future R&D efforts. Options ranged from developing and testing phage cocktails to treat low-risk/low-reward conditions (such as prosthetic joint infections or PJI), medium-risk/medium-reward conditions (such as infections associated with atopic dermatitis), or high-risk/high-reward conditions (such as inflammatory bowel disease or IBD).

Spreadsheet supplement for case 224045.

The case study discusses the development of the CSC Academy-a unique effort by the Indian government to expand education outreach across the country. The effort was especially geared towards educating and empowering rural citizens, and to this end, the Academy utilised a mix of innovative technology and human actors at the village level to expand its reach to remote parts of the country. The study follows the organization's journey since its inception, and offers a high-level overview of several on-ground challenges faced, as well as the specific strategies it deployed in response. The study includes voices from across levels in the organization, ranging from decision-making managers to on-ground service providers and participants, thus providing a comprehensive, 360º view of the demand- and supply-side issues that exist in the educational landscape in India, which can be extended to comparable emerging economy settings.

Hyderabad-based real estate developer Organo, led by Nagesh Battula and Vijay Durga, aimed to disrupt the market with their third project, Organo Damaragidda, focusing on eco-friendly living in Telangana. Following the success of their previous projects, Naandi and Antharam, Organo faced challenges in reaching their target audience for Damaragidda. This case study talks about how they navigate the difficult path of marketing a niche product to new market segment.

This case concerns the efforts of a multigenerational family business to leverage and benefit from the board on key related issues: succession of the CEO, chair, and other leadership roles; engagement of the fourth generation as future owners and potential business and governance leaders; and preservation of the family's unity, primarily through fair and transparent practices and processes. In early 2023, multibillion-dollar Wilbur-Ellis was more than 100 years old, with product lines including agribusiness, nutrition, and chemicals. Third-generation family member and CEO John Thacher had overseen organic and acquisition-based revenue growth, along with professionalization of the board, before transitioning to executive chair in 2018 and handing off operating leadership to nonfamily CEO John Buckley. Together, these leaders, along with the full board and family council (led by third-generation family member Matthew Rowland), had helped the business and family navigate multiple transitions, most recently the merger of Wilbur-Ellis's Asian chemical subsidiary into a global specialty distribution business. Readers will take the leaders' perspective as they consider how best to maintain continuity and engagement amid imminent business, governance, and family transitions.

Behavioral nudges can play an outsize role in closing the gender gap and increasing the number of people from underrepresented groups that a company hires. When these small, easy-to-implement, and often inexpensive interventions are applied to candidate attraction, recruitment, and onboarding, they can help make diversity and inclusion a natural feature of a company and capture its measurable competitive advantages.

Fibroheal Woundcare Pvt. Ltd. (Fibroheal) was the first company in India in the medical device sector to utilize the biomedical properties of silk. Launched in 2017, it focused on providing effective wound care to patients in a cost-effective manner. Fibroheal's unique value proposition lay in its sustainable approach, ensuring balance across social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Results showed that Fibrocare's products could reduce wound-healing time by almost half. By the end of 2021, Fibroheal had about 15 products in its kit covering acute, chronic, and post-operative wounds. It had also engaged more than 1,000 farmers, as well as over 150 hospitals in more than 20 states across the country, and was affecting over 50,000 patients. However, there were challenges around building trust among stakeholders in the medical device market, where big multinational firms were already operating. Considering the challenges, how could Fibroheal expand in the medical device market under its founder's strategic leadership? How could the company build on the existing positive customer responses? What should be the firm's expansion strategy?

Container shipping was responsible for moving more than 80% of globally traded goods, and almost 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. A.P. Moeller-Maersk, one of the top three container lines, conducted an extensive lifecycle assessment (LCA) of alternative fuels, before deciding to bet on methanol. This case reviews the LCA methodology and the fuel choices, as well as the long term implications of their selection.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a holistic approach to quantifying the environmental impacts-including resources consumed and wastes produced-associated with the entire life cycle of a product, from the production or extraction of the raw materials used in its creation, to its end-of-use disposition. LCAs are often used to better understand how choices made in a product's design (e.g., materials, assembly, energy sources, energy efficiency) would affect its overall environmental impact. This note provides an overview of the different types of LCAs, LCA methodology, and LCA tools and databases.

It has been a bumpy few years since 2020 for JUMBO Group CEO and Executive Director Ang Kiam Meng. JUMBO Group, like many other firms in the food and beverage (F&B) industry, faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022. Prior to the pandemic, it had established itself as an iconic seafood restaurant chain in Singapore, attracting a large customer base of regular patrons including tourists from around the world, particularly from China. However, due to strict border controls and other regulations implemented during the pandemic, the Group experienced substantial losses. The case captures the challenges faced by JUMBO during the pandemic, while offering readers an opportunity to reflect on its reasoning to reposition its brand in the local Singapore market while also exploring expansion opportunities in overseas markets. Additionally, the case provides a detailed account of JUMBO's digital transformation journey prior to and during the pandemic. The case concludes by examining the strategic priorities and potential roadmaps for JUMBO's future growth. It sets the stage for a discussion on the broader impact of digital transformation within the F&B industry, both in Singapore and beyond.

Set in 2023, this case describes the digitalisation and sustainability journey of Blue Bird, an Indonesia-based taxi business established in 1965. By 2014, when the company was publicly listed, it had become the country's largest taxi provider. In 2023, it had expanded its business to include car rental, car auction, as well as shuttle and chartered bus services. In 2022, Blue Bird announced its "multiproduct, multichannel, multi-payment" or 3M strategy to achieve its Mobility as a Service (MaaS) vision of a more efficient, sustainable, and digitally advanced company. Blue Bird had pressed on with its digitalisation efforts, despite its setbacks during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the same year, it won the Top UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Award. This achievement followed the company's announcement of its sustainability vision to halve its waste and emissions by 2030, and establish "3-Blues" - BlueSky, BlueLife, and BlueCorps - for driving its environment, social, and corporate governance goals. In 2023, Indonesia, along with the rest of the world, was still nursing the trauma of the pandemic. How should Blue Bird better drive its 'twin' and intertwined transformations of sustainable growth and digitalisation? What could be the trade-offs, particularly if the emphasis tips towards digital transformation? At the same time, what can we learn from Blue Bird's experience in terms of corporate governance as a family business in Indonesia which practices a two-tier board structure?

Talent marketplaces can free employees and managers from the constraints of traditional who-you-know networks and help organizations match the right people to the right projects. Booz Allen launched a talent marketplace pilot project to achieve those goals and give people more control over their career paths. During year one, the company successfully navigated several challenges, including slow user adoption and cultural pushback. Apply these lessons learned to your company.

The public availability of generative AI models, particularly large language models (LLMs), has led many employees to experiment with new use cases, but it also put some organizational data at risk in the process. The authors explain how the burgeoning open-source AI movement is providing alternatives for companies that want to pursue applications of LLMs but maintain control of their data assets. They also suggest resources for managers developing guardrails for safe and responsible AI development.