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In 2014, Shooting & Outdoor Distributor (SOD) was a Puerto Rican family-owned wholesale business selling sporting goods for hunting and fishing. After a year of working for the company, the operations manager was confronted with the arrival of a U.S. retail chain, Sports Authority (SA), to the Puerto Rican market. SA carried many sporting goods sold by SOD, as well as a number of brands under exclusive distribution agreements between SOD and its U.S. manufacturers. Even though SA was a retailer, due to its size, it had the power to negotiate better prices with manufacturers than SOD and pass those deals on to the final customer. SOD’s operations manager was considering three options for combating this competition: 1) Develop private branding for a new rifle product; 2) Open SOD retail stores not operating close to SA or to its retail clients; and/or 3) Expand SOD to other Latin American and Caribbean markets where no competition was present.

The Children’s Place was a New Jersey-based specialty retailer of apparel and accessories for children up to age 12. Starting in fiscal 2013, the company was moving from a clearance-centre model, where it sold a variety of national brands, to a made-for-outlet model that emphasized its own brands. This was necessitated by intense price competition in its market. The new strategy involved developing, coordinating and controlling its own global apparel value chain. When the Rana Plaza building in Dhaka, Bangladesh collapsed on April 24, 2013, killing and injuring a large number of workers, products destined for The Children’s Place were found in the debris. The adverse publicity that ensued meant that the company’s top management had to re-evaluate its strategy. What should be their response?

In 1992, for the first time in India, Titan Industries Ltd., headquartered in Bangalore, India, introduced a watch brand exclusively for women — the Titan Raga. Launched to appeal to sophisticated women, it was embellished with striking symbolism from Indian culture. Its first targeted customers were progressive homemakers and those who were trying to balance work and family life but who wanted to embellish their traditional or Western attire with a beautiful, sensual timepiece. The watches were often given as gifts during festivals or occasions such as birthdays. However, the customer profile changed to the young career professional with disposable income, who often considered the watches to be too much like jewellery and affected by design flaws such as a difficult to read face and finicky clasp. By 2010, the marketing team realized that it had to revisit its branding strategy to meet this challenge and its global competitors. Should they relaunch Titan Raga as a stand-alone brand with a new brand ambassador who will appeal to this new demographic?

In December 2012, a young worker in Toronto wants to invest $50,000 savings. He needs to decide the equity portfolio that will result in the lowest risk at the best possible return on his investment. In particular, he is looking to invest in Wal-Mart, IBM, Apple, Chevron and Amazon, all large U.S. corporations that have weathered the recent economic crisis and show growth potential for the future. He remembers learning about using efficient frontiers to analyze stocks and decides to undertake an exhaustive analysis before deciding in which company to invest.

When General Motors Holden announces its plan to exit from car manufacturing in Australia, Toyota faces a decision dilemma amid losses and adverse business and economic conditions. Should it continue as the country’s sole vehicle manufacturer and wait for business and economic scenarios to change favourably, or should it exit the market? Toyota’s position is assessed by applying microeconomics concepts, including the optimal scale of operation, minimum efficient scale of operation, economies of scale, short-run and long-run cost analyses, concentration ratio and fragmented markets.

In May 2011, the Public Bike System Company, based in Montreal, Canada, was preparing to answer a request for proposal by New York City to create a financially self-sustaining public bike-sharing system. Three years earlier, the company, owned by the Montreal Transit Authority, had created Bixi, a service that made bikes available to members through docking stations, powered by solar energy, spread across the city. Although its financial structure was still unproven, it was a promising solution that aimed to revolutionize urban transportation. In partnership with other private bike-sharing organizations, the company had successfully expanded to Minneapolis-St. Paul and Washington D.C. but had experienced problems with its implementations in Melbourne, London and Boston. Furthermore, the system in Montreal could not provide evidence of profitability, forcing the city government to step in by guaranteeing loans and providing additional cash flow. It also did not have a clear business plan as to how, when and where its international expansion should take place. Now, news of its problems in Montreal had made headlines in New York, putting the future of its expansion ambitions in doubt.

In July 2014, nine months after they had developed a collaborative workplace for independent video game developers in Phoenix, Arizona, the two founders of the Game CoLab were discussing how to move the business forward. Using the Lean Startup method, they had designed their business model and opened a coworking space where they could also hold meetings, competitions and games showcases. However, they now face two challenges — declining membership and the need to move to new premises — and an exciting opportunity to work with corporate and educational organizations who are looking to “gamify” their digital offerings. The founders have four choices: (1) continue to maintain the coworking space concept, which has generated limited revenues so far; (2) pivot their business model to focus more on building the local and virtual community with events and cheaper, more flexible memberships; (3) pursue corporate business for customized game development while either continuing or abandoning the coworking space business; and (4) pursue a more major pivot whereby the company would become a start-up incubator.

Olam International, a publicly listed firm, was a leading agri-business with an integrated supply chain. To sustain growth, the company took on large amounts of debt to fund acquisitions and other capital expenditures. A hedge fund issued a Sell recommendation, highlighting the problems facing the company, including several years of negative free cash flows. The heated exchange between Olam and the hedge fund led to a government investment fund, Temasek Holdings, first backing Olam, and then eventually offering to buy out the minority shareholders. This scenario presents an excellent opportunity to apply the discounted cash flow analysis and relative valuation techniques to evaluate Temasek’s offer.

An executive at Freezer Foods, a manufacturer of ready-to-eat frozen meals, has just been told by a major customer, a retail supermarket chain, that it wants one of its two suppliers of frozen food to take over as category captain. A category captain is a third party, usually a manufacturer, who manages a category of goods for a retailer. The executive needs to think through the objectives of category captaincy from the retailer’s perspective and develop an attractive bid to win the category captaincy. In doing so, the executive develops an opinion on the benefits and challenges associated with category captaincy from the point of view of four parties: the retailer, the winning category captain, the manufacturer whose rival becomes the category captain, and consumers.

Apple, the tech firm founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976, could soon be a trillion-dollar enterprise. Its power to invoke fear in competitors is directly related to Jobs’s success as a market disruptor. But while Jobs’s passion for the design and quality of products created under his leadership is worth trying to emulate, the leader character of the man is not. Besides significant shortcomings in his personal life, Jobs had no problem taking credit for work done by others and declined to join The Giving Pledge. His burning passion for design caused him to fail as a businessperson more than once, and much of Apple’s success can actually be attributed to happenstance and good fortune. While the business world can learn a lot from Steve Jobs, the leader character of Apple’s legendary co-founder is not pedestal-worthy.

For the past 30 years, the president of Benevento Foods, a food processor located in northern New York State, has overseen unprecedented growth. In June 2014, the family-owned company has 90 full-time employees and provides baking mixes and bases to both small stand-alone bakeries and national grocery chains across the United States. It has plans to expand distribution to Mexico and Japan and to develop new product lines, especially for gluten-free items. However, it faces a serious quality failure: one of its customers has discovered pieces of rubber in the latest delivery of baking mix. Is this an isolated event or indicative of a bigger issue? Is it symptomatic of a poor quality culture, lack of accountability on the shop floor and/or a misallocation of resources? What can be done to solve the current problem and make sure it does not happen again?

Instructor spreadsheet for product 8B13M055.

Excel spreadsheet for instructors.

Excel spreadsheet for instructors.

Excel spreadsheet for students.

EcoWash is an all-in-one system that can be used to clean the interior and exterior of a vehicle in an environmentally friendly manner. A soon-to-be business school graduate has been approached by the inventor of EcoWash to embark on a partnership and to market the product. The opportunity looks promising, but a careful examination of the product and the market place — specifically through the lens of the lean start-up methodology — is needed before a final decision can be made.

For many firms it is time for an image checkup, especially if their budget, direction and markets have changed along with consumer attention trends. Everyone knows how important it is to make a good impression. But understanding how little time there is to do so is equally crucial, especially if firms want to ensure that their marketing materials are sufficient. Research suggests that firms have just a matter of seconds to attract the average person’s attention — and that’s assuming the targeted eyeballs in question are even looking their brand’s way. Firms should understand how best to reach target customers. Most users navigate digital media through sustained attention, selective attention, or alternating attention. Companies should examine their marketing materials and discard anything outdated. They should reflect on their culture and current approach to marketing. If they have made any changes to the company (new names, new slogans, new approaches, etc.) and not informed the market, then they need to make some announcements. Ultimately, they must think long and hard about their future vision and direction and communicate these to their audience.

In 2009, a former engineering student set out with some like-minded friends to create a unique fast food service in Bangalore. Hungry Hogs Private Limited adapted a classic western favourite — hot dogs — to the local palate. The company went on to experience substantial success with revenues in excess of INR 7 million in 2013. The founding partner who set the business in motion must decide between expanding his successful business through franchising options or through the continued establishment of company-owned stores. He is concerned about maintaining the integrity of his products, keeping control over his business and maintaining the brand's favourable image.

As the ride-sharing app, Uber, expands into China, it is confronted by government regulatory concerns and local competition, while also facing opportunities generated by a fast-growing emerging market and aided by local collaborators. Uber endeavours to take the lead in the market, but, as the newcomer, it needs to make many decisions. The case study highlights China’s online chauffeuring market and the challenges facing Uber. As students attempt to develop a feasible plan for Uber to succeed, they will review Uber’s service offering and the strategies that both Uber and its competitors have adopted. The case also explores other opportunities and challenges that Uber faces as the company works with local businesses and government responses toward the new business sector.

At the end of 2013, Karstadt Warenhaus GmbH, the second-biggest German department store chain and one of the most traditional and well-known companies in Germany, was in a highly challenging strategic position. Following recent mismanagement, it had narrowly escaped insolvency. By the end of 2013, however, Karstadt was still struggling against competition in the retail sector. Could the newly appointed chief executive officer come up with a business model and strategic direction that would ensure the company’s continued existence and sustainable profits in the near future? Challenges that she had to address included increasing competition (e.g. from online shops), low liquidity, delays in necessary investments, and rising concerns about job security among employees. What strategic options were best for turning around the performance of the iconic 130-year-old department store chain?