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Addons Retail Private Limited was incorporated in 2006 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The objective behind the venture was to sell lifestyle products and fashion accessories to cater to the impulsive buying urges of urban Indian men and women. The retail chain store sold a range of fashion accessories and products; competitors included both small mom-and-pop stores and kiosks as well as multinational chains. By summer 2014, the founder and director had painstakingly created 80 retail touch points in shopping malls and high streets in a range of cities across the country; his goal was to grow to 500 retail outlets by 2019. The company was on a rapid growth model, but it needed customer footfall and loyalty to support its aspirations. How could it achieve the fine balance between novelty and loyalty for a whimsical, impulse fashion product?

In 2012, Sanofi, a French pharmaceutical company, was considering forming a joint venture with the American soft drinks giant Coca-Cola to develop and commercialize a new line of beauty drinks, “Beautific,” which would provide health and beauty benefits to consumers. Rumours about the partnership in the press had been met with anger from Sanofi’s employees and skepticism from market analysts. It was unclear whether the initiative made sense from a strategic point of view for Sanofi. How different was the initiative from similar past projects that had been met with reluctance by consumers? What were the implications of internal dissent within Sanofi? Venturing into the beauty drinks business might signal a shift by Sanofi away from research and development-driven drugs. Would association with Coca-Cola, a company often decried for contributing to poor health, help or damage the reputation of a pharmaceutical company like Sanofi?

The hacker attack on Toronto's Avid Life Media — in which confidential information on 32 million Ashley Madison users was released — offers lessons for all companies, not just controversial ones. After all, the hackers in question did not act simply because the company runs the infamous Ashley Madison infidelity service. They were also moved to act by its aggressive marketing and customer service claims, not to mention its short-term thinking when developing tactics to make the firm more attractive as an investment. In this article, Ivey Business Journal Editor Tom Watson takes readers back to his 2010 investigative journalism on Ashley Madison during the time of its attempted initial public offering, when one of his questions to a boardroom of potential Avid Life backers was enough to make the bankers second-guess their decision. In addition to examining the stakeholder versus shareholder perspectives, he explores the threat that hackers and hacktivists pose to firms and cautions that leaders, such as the former CEO of Avid Life, can in fact have too much bravery.

After a 26 year partnership in the Indian two-wheeler industry, Hero and Honda parted ways. Honda had now become one of Hero’s main competitors. The case covers the reasons for the split, the challenges faced by Hero and the strategic initiatives it had to use to overcome these challenges. After the split, rebranding and re-positioning itself as a stand-alone brand was of primary importance to Hero MotoCorp. To ensure that Hero MotoCorp continued its association with the Indian consumers, it underwent a series of transition phases. With ever rising competition, Hero was putting all of its efforts into ensuring that it overcame each roadblock and maintained its number one position in the Indian two-wheeler market, but were the strategies producing results?

The co-founders/consultants at Maynard Leigh Associates (MLA), an HR consulting firm based in the United Kingdom and India, are in a quandary about how to respond to a couple of ethical dilemmas. In the first case, a client has hired MLA to deliver a series of workshops to a group of employees who clearly do not need any help of this kind, and the workshop facilitator feels the client is wasting its money. In the second case, the CEO of a local IT giant has hired MLA to host a workshop that would brainstorm ways to eradicate all roadblocks to his organization’s success, but during the delivery of this workshop, the consultants realized that the biggest roadblock to the organization’s success was the CEO himself. Should the partners be open with the client about their findings and risk damaging a lucrative business relationship, or should they simply remain silent on the subject and pocket their fee. What would be the impact of their decision on the future of their company? Importantly, they need to make a decision that upholds MLA’s corporate values.

Jeju Air is a market leader in the South Korean low-cost carrier industry, operating more than 20 domestic and international air routes in Asian countries. In the midst of rising economic activity and the opening of more air routes in North Asia, Jeju Air is planning an initial public offering to seek capital to grow its China business.<br><br>Meanwhile, Singapore Airlines is in discussions to purchase a 20 per cent equity investment in Jeju Air. Is this investment a wise decision for Singapore Airlines? Additionally, what is Singapore Airlines’ future outlook in terms of its existing underperforming subsidiaries?

In 2012, an equity research firm based in California accused Singapore-based Olam International Limited (Olam) of engaging in potentially misleading and dangerous accounting practices. The firm — Muddy Waters Research — further stated that Olam was on the verge of bankruptcy. The primary complaint made against Olam by Muddy Waters was that Olam allegedly made aggressive use of “non-cash accounting gains,” particularly when reporting on Olam’s biological assets. Olam’s share price tumbled after the accusations were made public. Olam defended itself by asserting that it had applied Singapore Financial Reporting Standard (FRS) 41 — Agriculture appropriately and that the fair value gains of the biological assets were justifiably derived. FRS 41, equivalent to International Financial Accounting Standards 41 — Agriculture, required Singapore-listed companies to use fair value in the measurement of biological assets. This case examines the complex challenges that valuators face when presented with different valuation models, the application of financial reporting standards and the fine balance between reliability and relevance in the accounting of assets in the real world.

In 2014, a well-reputed innovative technology company had introduced a new operating system and two new smartphone devices with the goal of turning around the company’s slumping hardware sales. Despite positive product reviews in the media, the models did not sell as well as expected. Consequently, the lower demand led to impairment of inventory and supply commitments at various times throughout the following fiscal year. At the end of the fiscal year, the task facing the company’s chief financial officer was deciding whether or not further impairment was required. Because this decision came at a time of significant uncertainty about the company’s future in the competitive marketplace, the task also involved considering the impact of a potential adjustment on the company’s financial statements and on shareholder confidence.

This technical note introduces the key concepts and methodologies of accounting for intercorporate investments, which occur when one company acquires the equity or debt of another company. The accounting basics are discussed for three investment categories: (1) passive investments, where little or no influence is present; (2) investments in associates, where significant influence is present and (3) investments in subsidiaries, where control is present. The note addresses the equity method of accounting for associates. For subsidiaries, the note discusses the notion of control, the allocation of a purchase price and recognition of goodwill, consolidation and goodwill impairment.

Excel spreadsheet for instructors.

Excel spreadsheet for instructors.

Excel spreadsheets for students.

When Ashmark Corporation’s largest supplier, Red Star Castings (Red Star), was forced to declare bankruptcy, Ashmark had to develop and implement a contingency plan, while also appeasing its customers, who were growing increasingly impatient for their parts to arrive. Since Red Star closed, Ashmark had been late on 200 units of production due to missing components. Although this figure represented less than 1 per cent of the company’s total monthly shipments, things were likely to get more difficult, especially with the loss of key employees due to the stressful situation. In addition, the new supplier was having trouble bringing the tooling online, there were delays in the qualification and testing process, and the modest amount of inventory built up in advance of the bankruptcy had diminished. As Ashmark looked to move forwards, it would need to develop a much better sense of how to manage supply chain risk.

A merchant fraud scandal threatened Chinese e-commerce group, Alibaba Group, endangering its positioning, corporate values, reputation, brand strength, share price value and performance. It compromised Alibaba’s leaders’ credibility and the public’s perception of the trustworthiness of Internet-based trading. In the fallout of the scandal, two talented executives were accused of negligence. The board of directors had to decide how to respond to this crisis and to prevent future fraud on Alibaba’s diversified web-based trading platform. Was dismissing the executives the most effective way to achieve these goals?

A nascent women’s apparel online store on Tmall, China's largest business-to-consumer retail platform operated by Alibaba Group, was just beginning to establish itself on the online market utilizing the tools and services provided by Tmall to develop and operate its business. Within four months after the business was launched, Tmall unexpectedly released a new policy which significantly increased the annual service fee and cash deposit for individual stores. This new policy, which was to come into effect in less than three months following the announcement, could render the business of small- and medium-sized e-commerce stores, such as the new women’s apparel start-up, on Tmall unprofitable. The management team of the fledgling clothing business had to reconsider whether to renew their contract with Tmall or transfer their store to one of the alternative online platforms, such as Alibaba Group's Taobao Marketplace, Tencent Group’s Shop.QQ or Amazon.com’s Amazon.cn.

It was the peak of summer in Delhi. With the temperature soaring to 47 degrees Celsius, the city was facing power cuts. Amid the looming threat of a potential power crisis, the chief executive officer (CEO) of an electricity distribution company in the city was wondering how technology could help in providing reliable power to all while mitigating other key challenges. He needed to bring down the aggregate technical and commercial losses further so that the company could generate higher revenue with the same power input and still provide better satisfaction to the customers. Not satisfied with the company close to being a benchmark nationally on various parameters, the CEO aspired to meet international benchmarks in power distribution.

Following a turbulent 2014 for Standard Chartered Bank, the bank’s largest shareholder, Temasek Holdings, began showing indications that it was seriously considering offloading at least a portion of its massive shareholdings in Standard Chartered Bank. This case seeks to provide a fair valuation of Standard Chartered Bank’s intrinsic value, as well as rationalize the most appropriate way for Standard Chartered Bank to raise funds to satisfy the higher capital requirements under Basel III regulatory rules. Assuming that Standard Chartered Bank decided to hold on to its significant bank investments and to raise funds to satisfy the higher capital requirements, what could be some possible financing alternatives? Would it help to attract more bank deposits, raise debt, or go for a seasoned offering? What would be the impact of these financing alternatives? Finally, what would be a suitable recommendation on how to raise the funds if one took the valuation results into consideration?

In March 2012, the CEO of Fairbridge Capital considered the pros and cons of the potential acquisition of Thomas Cook India. He believed that Thomas Cook India’s two business segments (travel/related services and financial services) had different potential in terms of growth and cash flow generation. Analysts predicted tremendous growth potential in the travel business (although it would require additional investment), while the foreign exchange segment had limited growth potential but generated significant cash flow. Thomas Cook India had changed ownership several times in a short time period, and the stock price had fallen substantially. Would acquiring Thomas Cook India fit the value-investing philosophy rigorously followed by Fairbridge Capital and its parent company, Fairfax Financial? If so, how much should Fairbridge bid? Was Thomas Cook India worth more with two segments or was it better off split into two? Finally, should Fairbridge delist Thomas Cook India or keep it public?

Cookie Man, an Australian bakery chain, ventured into India in 2000 with the unique promise of providing “freshly baked premium cookies” on the spot. Opening with a manufacturing unit and its first outlet in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, it bought raw materials and most of its packaging locally and used a local refrigerated trucking firm to distribute its goods. By 2015, it was operating 70 company-owned and franchised stores in newly designed malls and high fashion streets in 25 cities across the country. Increasing competition, a move by competitors towards Internet distribution, and the changing tastes of consumers have hurt the financial health of the brand, and some drastic and quick strategic choices need to be made. Should the company grow horizontally and open more stores in India and/or expand into neighbouring countries? Should it look at new channels of delivery or new offerings? What is the right path for survival and growth?

The founder of a cloud computing business needs to determine the costs of providing the company's services to its clients. Students must perform an activity-based costing exercise to determine the cost of the company's two core product offerings and recommend which product should become the company's focus. Students must also consider the treatment of upfront capital costs when determining profitability. To make a decision, students must understand the company, the industry in which it operates and the costing issues involved.