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Established in 2020, Nurture.farm was a digital platform that focused on reimagining the next generation of sustainable technology-based solutions for agriculture. In June 2021, Nurture.farm’s chief executive officer Dhruv Sawhney and his team recognized a grave problem in northern India. Environmental hazards were being created from mass rice stubble burning, which was an inexpensive and quick way for farmers to clear their field for the next crop cycle. In response, Sawhney and his team conceptualized and executed India’s largest crop residue management (CRM) program. The organization’s initial success in providing its services to over 25,000 farmers and curbing the stubble burning problem gained international recognition and helped Nurture.farm earn several new partnerships within a year of operations.<br><br>By March 2023, Nurture.farm was hoping to scale up its CRM program and expand into over 800,000 hectares (2 million acres) of land, primarily in India’s rice paddy fields. In this mission, Sawhney and his team found themselves facing some difficult questions. Could they efficiently scale this mission-driven campaign to additional states? How could they convince and garner organic trust from farmers? Modern technologies helped Nurture.farm facilitate its operations, but what challenges could the company face in the future? What sustainable practices could help the company drive its CRM program?

In June 2021, the head of the information technology department at Ka Shui Group, a Hong Kong–based original equipment and original brand manufacturing company, was asked by the group’s chief executive officer to evaluate whether Ka Shui Group should discontinue the Industry 4.0 program it had been using as road map for digital transformation. Ka Shui Group had launched the program in 2016 with the goal of creating a cyber-physical, connected workplace featuring digitized data transparency and connectivity, smart manufacturing and research and development, and self-monitoring and error-correction capabilities. However, the i4.0 initiative had yet to progress beyond this first stage over the last three years. The program’s cascading progress within Ka Shui Group was stagnant, and results were meagre. At the same time, stakeholders were getting restless. All these problems, along with lukewarm reactions from employees and questions from investors about the benefits of Industry 4.0, were forcing Ka Shui to consider whether it was necessary to discontinue the program and, if so, what direction it should take next.

BGI Genomics (BGI), founded in China in 1999, covered the entire field of genomic sequencing applications. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, BGI’s strategic corporate social responsibility initiative, developing coronavirus nucleic acid test kits, created shared value for BGI and society; brought revenue growth to the company; and won BGI acclamation from the government, media, and public. However, as the market competition in the COVID-19 testing business intensified, Zhao Lijian, chief executive officer of BGI, had to consider the company’s next direction: Should BGI significantly increase investment in the COVID-19 testing business and shoulder greater social responsibility for fighting the pandemic? Or should it shift the focus back to its main business?

In 2018, Christopher Hay, president and chief executive officer of Hayco, the top contract manufacturer to the brush industry globally, had been looking for a new location for some of its operations due to over a decade of rising labour costs in Hong Kong, China, where the company was based. The company accelerated its search in response to the US government’s announcement of tariffs against Chinese products in April 2018. Hayco was seeking a location closer to the US and European markets where labour costs were still low for an initial workforce of over one thousand employees and where there was no threat of tariffs. Hay’s focus was on Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America. Hay considered questions such as, “What is the best market to which Hayco could move its operations? Should it establish a new subsidiary on its own or locate within a special economic zone?”

The case traces the story of Jodi Huettner, a mechanical engineer, and her journey to launch Helga Wear Inc. (Helga Wear), a company that developed personal protective equipment (PPE) in the form of workwear specifically designed for women. Huettner started the venture following her own struggles working in PPE designed for men. The case outlines the various challenges she encountered in bringing her product to market and illustrates how gender bias affects not only product design but also product demand. The case also follows the “idea journey” of an innovation, outlining the founder’s bootstrapped approach and her interactions with multiple stakeholders along the way. It also demonstrates the importance of considering the role of the broader ecosystem—such as industry standards—in shaping product demand.

Tea Leaf Trust (TLT), a non-profit vocational training centre, worked to develop young students into emotionally resilient change agents within their Sri Lankan communities. TLT was proud that it equipped its students with the tools necessary to transform their surroundings in positive ways by dealing with the social issues they faced. Now, fourteen years since the company’s founding, Yadharshi Selvaraj, TLT’s co-lead, was assessing the advantages and disadvantages of the current fundraising model used at TLT and wondered what solutions she should outline moving forward. Did the company have the necessary resources and skilled management team to adequately monitor fundraising and support continued growth?

Mike Cassidy owned Maritime Bus, which provided an essential service built on efficient and effective travel and terminal-to-terminal package delivery in the Maritime provinces of Prince Edward Island (PEI), New Brunswick (NB), and Nova Scotia (NS). Headquartered in Charlottetown, PEI, the Maritime Bus company was part of the Cassidy Group, which employed over 500 people, including Cassidy’s wife and three sons, and served over 80 per cent of the busing needs of the region. The company had experienced historic profits in 2018 and finally broke even in 2019; 2020 was supposed to be its first profitable year. However, the COVID-19 pandemic brought instability to the industry, and ridership shrunk to nearly zero. By December 31, 2020, Cassidy had covered over $2.2 million in business losses with personal retirement savings. Despite the large personal financial cost, he was determined not to let COVID-19 destroy his company’s legacy. Canadian intercity busing was historically regional, and many prominent companies had failed without federal or provincial government bailouts. Facing surmounting financial pressures and lacking ridership as the company entered the 2021 season, Cassidy had to plan for the venture’s survival.

Paul Hardy parlayed a degree in fashion and an early-career job as a personal shopper at high-end retailer Holt, Renfrew & Co., Limited (Holt Renfrew) into a successful career as a Canadian luxury-goods fashion designer. He was a survivor in the industry, adapting to various exogenous shocks, most recently COVID-19. The pandemic resulted in the cancellation of events and social gatherings at places where women typically wore his designs. In addition, Hardy’s online purchasing presence was minimal. His immediate response to the pandemic-related lockdowns was to enable online purchasing and highlight clothing that could be worn at home or on more informal and local excursions. His business success had been largely based on his talent and the relationships he had fostered and nurtured over the years. Hardy personally reached out to his clients and held a COVID-compliant fashion show. Once again, he was demonstrating his resilience in the face of significant challenges, but what should come next?<br><br>After the economic crisis of 2008, Hardy had expanded his business to interior design. Should he forego high-end fashion to focus on interiors? Was there a way to further pivot his fashion design given the changes in consumer demand? How would the world come out of the pandemic, and how could Hardy position himself to thrive? Would any change threaten relations with his loyal clientele? Given that his business was almost 20 years old, what should his short- and longer-term strategic plan entail?

In 2015, Hubang chili sauce was launched in China’s highly competitive emerging condiment and sauce market. Instead of undertaking direct competition and a costly price war in traditional retail channels already dominated by a market leader, Wenjin Lu, a local entrepreneur and the chief executive officer of Hubang, developed a unique strategy to achieve breakthroughs via online-to-offline (O2O) food delivery platforms, whose consumers were made up of a fast-increasing consumer base of Internet and mobile users. By 2020, Hubang had achieved an annual sales milestone of US$29 million and secured series A financing. Lu faced a new dilemma: Should Hubang keep strengthening its unique O2O channel through market penetration and product expansion, or should it reposition to enter the retail market with its existing products?

The YouTube channel Digital Vidya Kendra (DVK) was launched by J. Singh in 2011 with a mission to develop future managers and researchers. However, the company soon encountered hurdles in its goal to fulfill its mission. DVK maintained a high level of quality in the content of its videos, but increasing the number of subscribers proved difficult. By November 2019, DVK had registered only 500 subscribers—half the minimum number needed to start earning money on YouTube. Its unique videos helped it to gain viewership from scholars, researchers, and academics. However, despite a potential for rapid global growth, DVK’s growth rate started dropping in 2020. Something needed to be done to save the company; therefore, Singh tasked his digital marketing team to conduct surveys and research, using 67 of the company’s videos, to investigate the issues and problems that had arisen. The DVK research team had to determine what information the numbers were revealing, what factors were affecting DVK’s performance, what demographics were affecting business performance, and how cost effective Google Ads were in terms of user traffic, revenue, and hours watched.

In January 2022, Nicholas Chen had to decide whether to invest in one of two solar power systems to reduce the energy cost of the manufacturing company, Jamaica Macaroni Factory Ltd.’s (JMF). He could purchase a 100kW solar power system and generate some of the energy JMF used while also selling back electricity to the grid when the factory was not operating, or he could purchase a 230kW system, which would produce more energy but, due to regulatory restrictions, would not sell electricity back to the grid.

Fresh Routes, a not-for-profit social enterprise with the mission of advancing local food security, was focused on creating new and innovative ways of providing healthy and affordable food to as many people as possible in the Canadian cities of Calgary and Edmonton.<br><br>As the global COVID-19 pandemic raged in 2020-21, Fresh Routes found itself questioning if it could still provide its much-needed services. Demand was exponentially increasing as more and more people experienced food insecurity due to the pandemic’s impact on their employment status, mobility, and health. Would Fresh Routes be able to find a new way to operate, or would the company need to shut down its operations?

The Employees Provident Fund (EPF) is Malaysia’s national private-sector pension program. It has grown into one of the largest pension funds in the world. The success of the EPF and Malaysia as a whole have brought new challenges. As life expectancy increases and the population ages, how can the EPF ensure adequate pension coverage and take care of Malaysians’ increasing retirement needs? As technology replaces the need for branches and customer-facing staff, how and where should the EPF channel its valuable human resources? How should the EPF optimally invest its ever-increasing funds? These are the questions the EPF’s chief strategy officer has to answer as he charts a way forward in the 21st century.

In June of 2022, Jada Abimbola, chief executive officer and owner of Workplace Safety Trainers (WST), needed to develop a strategy for the business after experiencing stagnating profits during the coronavirus pandemic. WST was one of Ontario’s foremost private occupational health and safety companies, providing training for businesses that needed to comply with the standards of the Ontario Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training, and Skills Development. Abimbola was considering several alternatives to revive the business while remaining committed to its new employee-centred focus: maintain the status quo, offer first aid training, or develop and sell a new line of physical goods. Abimbola was also considering cashing in on her investment by selling the business and moving on. This case will also serve as a talking point for the importance of occupational health and safety in various industries.

The turnaround coordinator at Chem-ARC Industries (Chem-ARC) had to solve a dispute involving multiple stakeholders within the Turnaround Scheduling and Planning Department. Chem-ARC had been only two days into a company-wide shutdown when a delay on the plant floor sent the outage schedule into disarray. Members of the department started to blame one another for the issues Chem-ARC was facing. With a group of disgruntled employees, a costly problem that urgently needed fixing, and a senior management team pressing for answers, the coordinator had to find a way to improve teamwork within her department while conveying to upper management that she was capable of her position as leader.

In 2022, the National Football League (NFL) created the International Home Marketing Areas program with the goal of stimulating global fandom for American football. As part of the program, the league assigned individual teams exclusive commercial rights to international territories, effectively giving teams the opportunity to create “international home markets.” As a result, the Eagles, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania were granted access to Ghana, making it the first NFL team to officially enter a market in Africa.<br><br\>But how should the Eagles’ marketing team go about creating a fan community in Ghana? How should it market the game of American football? What media or social channels should the team use to reach and connect with Ghanaian audiences? What activation points should it leverage? Should the team prioritize educating Ghanaians on the rules and nuances of American football or focus on building awareness and interest in the Eagles franchise specifically? And how should the Eagles evaluate whether their marketing efforts are succeeding? These were all questions Jen Kavanagh—Senior Vice-President of Marketing and Media for the Philadelphia Eagles—needed to answer before she could formalize the Eagles’ marketing strategy in Ghana.

This case explores the development of Projet Jeune Leader, a social entrepreneurship enterprise founded by Maia Ramarosandratana in 2013 to provide comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) to middle school children throughout Madagascar. Ramarosandratana had grown the organization to have fifty-six educators reaching over 29,490 adolescents. As she thought about the next plans for scaling the work, which included partnering with the Ministry of Education to help with technical assistance to institutionalize CSE within the department’s existing educational structures, what else needed to be considered? What were some of the lessons learned over the last nine years, and what other building blocks should she be thinking about?

振躍精密是台灣從事生產製造滑軌的興櫃公司。公司從早期至大陸設廠成為大陸第一家鋼珠滑軌製造廠，取得先行者優勢，並成為家具品牌商IKEA的供應商，至後來加入國際五金品牌商德國Hettich與義大利FGV的供應商，到2005年後回台灣設立產線同時開發自有品牌。2010年，公司體認到不能光是產品有競爭力，還必須在生產過程中考量環境永續的重要性，因此積極從產品設計、材料、製程、產線等技術層面去達到環保的目標，取得多項綠色管理的國際系統驗證，也通過美國海關的C-TPAT驗廠，讓公司出口到美國的貨櫃能走更快速的綠色通關程序，加快交易流程。近期公司成功打入Intel、Supermicro、Advantech等供應鏈，將產品服務往上提升到高端伺服器。不過，振躍精密也開始要思考如何在產能限制下，滿足不同品牌商的需求，以及是否要到海外設廠。

After four successful years on the market, the founder and chief executive officer of Sanzo Brands Inc. (Sanzo) was looking for ways to continue the momentum and growth of his company. Sanzo was an Asian-inspired flavoured sparkling-water beverage company with an innovative approach to marketing and branding. Rather than promoting its sparkling water through traditional media channels, Sanzo relied on a digital-brand story approach and adopted social-media marketing tools in a mass-marketing environment. Alessandro Roco knew this was the right product at the right time, but his greatest concern was how to maintain the social-media buzz and continue to build the community around the brand. He wondered how Sanzo should manage social media to keep the community engaged and the brand story relevant.

In its effort to fight climate change, the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) established its RBC Climate Blueprint, an enterprise strategy to accelerate clean economic growth and support its clients in a socially inclusive transition to net-zero. RBC holds itself accountable to this plan through its Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance Report, which quantifies the bank’s climate change actions. Any business activities that contradict RBC’s strategy may adversely impact the bank’s reputation. This study was carried out in response to a strategic decision-making requirement from RBC regarding Bitcoin and new technology investment. The case discusses the definition of cryptocurrency, the Bitcoin mining process, energy consumption associated with the mining procedure, and the impact of Bitcoin mining on climate change. After thoroughly describing and analyzing each topic, we will draw conclusions about the effects of Bitcoin mining energy consumption on climate change. At the end of the study, we will be able to answer this question: What environment-related reputational risk might RBC face if the bank were to support products and services around Bitcoin?<br><br>The Ivey Business School gratefully acknowledges the generous support of Pierre Lapointe, MBA ’83, in the development of this case.