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The partner continues to export cattle and to face and solve problems regarding transportation. The cattle inspectors from the middle-eastern country have been called home and the cattle are on a ship at sea. The inspectors left without signing all the necessary documents, however, he has their signatures on some blank forms. Should he use these in order to collect on the letter of credit? The case describes John Roberts' decision on the issue in Valley Farms International (E). This is the sixth in a series of cases, Valley Farms International (A) through Valley Farms International (F).

The international marketing manager of Sterling reviews his options for selling their newly-developed embosser in the United Kingdom. Possibilities exist for licensing, exporting, joint ventures and acquisitions. In addition, the product is attracting attention from dealers around the world. Sterling requires an international expansion strategy in terms of which markets to enter, speed of entry and choice of mode.

Aer Lingus, the Irish international airline, is proposing to buy ATS, a small but rapidly growing robotics firm. Negotiations have been protracted and earn out is professed. The owner appears to be getting cold feet. Should Aer Lingus continue? This is the first in a three case series titled, Aer Lingus - ATS (A), Aer Lingus - ATS (B1) and Aer Lingus - ATS (B2) addressing minority shareholders who are also key managers. (A 12-minute video, Aer Lingus - ATS (A) - Video can be purchased with this case.)

The CEO of IPL Inc., was reassessing his company's policy regarding involvement in custom-molded plastic products. A leader in the Canadian injection molded plastics industry, IPL had traditionally relied on proprietary products rather than the manufacturing-on-order of custom products for other firms. However, since 1984 IPL had been supplying custom-molded auto parts for the Ford Motor Company and had recently been offered a contract to manufacture a large volume of additional parts for them. Having only one month to respond to Ford's offer, the CEO was concerned about how he should proceed.

The president of Mr. Jax is faced with a strategy and resource related decision. The company has pursued a product diversification strategy during the past several years, but the Free Trade environment would best suit a strategy of expansion into the U.S. market. Unfortunately, limited resources require the president to make some choices regarding a future strategy for Mr. Jax.

An American project manager (with a team of 12 Americans), who is just about to conclude a week long negotiation with a team of 12 Koreans, is faced with a dilemma. He is being pushed to make a decision he is ill equipped to make; he feels it might not be in his company's best interest, but could be in the best interest of the joint venture that his firm is in the process of establishing with the Koreans.

The mid-1986 Sears new catalogue contained a 20-page section called Elements. This section bore a striking resemblance to the format of an IKEA catalogue, and the furniture being offered was similar to IKEA'S knocked-down self-assembly line. The head of IKEA'S North American operations wondered how serious Sears was about its new initiative and what, if anything, IKEA should do in response.

The entrepreneur and owner of Designer Classics Carpet, is deciding upon future growth opportunities for his company. Opportunities for forward and background integration have been identified. As well, the acquisition of a firm manufacturing a related product line is being considered. He must decide upon priorities, direction and timing of all these moves.

The director of the international division of a software company has to mediate and resolve a major impasse between one of his project managers and a visiting Chinese programming expert. The Chinese computer expert, a woman of strong views, appears to feel an injustice has been done and is withholding a crucial program which she has completed. The project manager will suffer a significant delay if the computer expert does not relinquish the program and potential sales at a trade show are at stake. (Two sequels to this case are available titled Canada-China Computer Crisis Case, case 9A86C013 and 9A87C016.)

A hotel's personnel director wonders if he should attempt to get even greater employee involvement after setting up Work Excellence Committees. The committees are comprised of union and management representatives at sectional, departmental and top management levels and they provided the coordinating mechanism for the hotel's many productivity activities. The positive end result was progress in labour-management relations.

A nephew in an Indian family business has prepared a consulting report advocating changes in organizational structure and practices. His North American MBA training has influenced both the content of his recommendations and the process of suggesting them. Both the content and the process violate norms of the Indian culture as well as those of the African culture in which the family business has flourished for 40 years. The problem is what to do given that his actions and report have stirred up deep feelings and conflicts within the family business.

A small American cookware manufacturer must decide whether to try to penetrate the Japanese market. The risks were enormous because major commitments were needed and the sales potential in a new market was hard to pin down. (Two sequels to this case are available, Cambridge Products Inc. (B) and Cambridge Products Inc. (C).)

A small American cookware firm has been negotiating with the Japanese to sell in Japan. Major commitments had been made to develop the product. Just when everything seemed settled, the Japanese wholesaler announced that modifications were needed. Should the company modify its product for the Japanese market? (This is the second case in a series titled Cambridge Products Inc. (A), Cambridge Products Inc. (B) and Cambridge Products Inc. (C).)

A small American cookware manufacturer has been very successful in selling to Japan. Suddenly the market in Japan has collapsed. What should be done now? (This is the last case in a series titled Cambridge Products Inc. (A), Cambridge Products Inc. (B) and Cambridge Products Inc. (C).)

The president of Medtron Limited, a fast growing Canadian manufacturer of wheelchairs, was preparing for a strategic planning session with his management group. In recent years, Medtron had met its sales growth and dealer expansion objectives and earned healthy profits. The president saw tremendous potential for further growth. He was concerned nevertheless that growth might outpace the company's financial and manufacturing capabilities and that a larger scale operation would create inflexibility. Our planning job is to identify any constraints and develop a strategy that maintains our reputation for quality products and fast, personalized service. As competitive conditions became more difficult and the company's environment changed, the president had to decide how aggressively Medtron should grow. What are management's realistic choices and which of these decisions would you recommend?

The general manager of a financial services company is examining a request for a loan to finance the completion of a hotel on the ocean shore in Kenya. Projected costs and revenues for the first three years are presented. The manager is trying to assess the validity of these estimates and whether he should recommend the loan.

A consulting engineering firm, is involved in a road construction project in Asia which is plagued with difficulties. The firm is working with the local government highway department on the project and has the status of advisor. Actual construction is done by the government department. The problems that the firm must contend with include technical problems, a budget process, differing objectives and intercultural relations. Two years into the project, only 17 kilometres of the 245-kilometre highway were under construction. This case provides the background briefing for the in-basket exercise, An International Project Manager's Day, consisting of three cases, An International Project Manager's Day (A), An International Project Manager's Day (B) and An International Project Manager's Day (C). An alternative teaching approach, as a decision-making exercise, is presented in the teaching note 5A84C40 and supplementary case, An International Project Manager's Day (D).

Noranda is preparing to develop a $400 million copper mine in Chile. The Task Force of Canadian Churches opposes the investment because of the lack of human rights in Chile and has made its presence felt at Noranda's last five annual meetings. Enough data is in the case to analyze the investment on financial and moral grounds. Is Noranda morally right to go ahead? To what extent should the answer to this question govern their decision? What is the role of business ethics in this decision?

The Canadair Challenger Jet senior management must decide whether or not to proceed with the venture of designing, marketing and producing an aircraft to compete in the world market for large business jets. Canadair executives must decide the product positioning, price, advertising, selling program, and servicing arrangements before they can assess the feasibility of the venture.

Two young Canadian women have to deal with the threat of strike in a model factory started up in a rural African village. Cross cultural management problems arise as these two women with different management styles attempt to combine rural African norms, roles and expectations to the task of producing school uniforms in an industrial setting. A strike is threatened over a pay dispute, a result of differing perceptions and expectations in the work environment. A sequel to this case, Botswana Uniform Agency (PTY) (B), case 9A79C021, offers further insight.