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Ideas Are Born in Fields of Play
While play is a familiar concept, as a topic of serious inquiry it is among the least-studied and least-understood organizational behaviors -- despite the fact that the Social Sciences have long associated play with creative functioning. The authors define play as a way of organizing behavior that consists of five elements: threshold experience; boundaries in time and space; uncertainty, freedom and constraint; flexibility between ends and means; and positive affect. While the cost of play can be inefficiency, errors or dead ends, the authors argue that the cost of not playing may actually be even more severe to organizations whose survival and prosperity depend upon creative ability.