Mossack Fonseca, a Panama-based law firm, specializes in Corporate Law, fiduciary services, investment advice, and international business. In April 2016, several media around the world revealed that they had a set of 11.5 million confidential documents from this firm, which had been obtained by an anonymous source with access to the firm's information systems and databases. According to the media, the documents showed how wealthy individuals used offshore companies to hide their assets from public scrutiny. The scandal had severely undermined the reputation of Mossack Fonseca's clients -including many high public officials and renowned celebrities. Carlos Sousa, the law firm's Public Relations head, had to write a news release to address the terrible scandal involving the so-called Panama Papers. Mossack Fonseca's clients interacted heavily with the firm via its web portal, which ran on open-code software and, as reported when the scandal made international headlines, featured multiple vulnerabilities that threatened information security. Carlos found it hard to fathom the impact the public knowledge of this vulnerabilities would have on the firm's clients, and he knew he had to announce remedial actions. What should Mossack Fonseca communicate to the press and its clients? Could the firm have prevented this cyberattack? What steps should the law firm take?

The onset of the cloud computing industry reshaped IBM's strategy. Previously, it had excelled at vertically integrating all in-house activities to drive the value of their mainframe computers. The rise of personal computing was met with corporate denial at IBM. And, by the time it tried to enter the PC market, major players, like Apple, had a five-year lead. IBM then outsourced its operating system and microprocessors and sold its stake in Intel. The series of missteps after the era of mainframe computing brought IBM to its lowest point. After missing out on the PC boom, Cloud computing presented IBM with a new opportunity for it to become the dominant player in computing again. The question had become "How far should IBM venture into the cloud computing industry? And, which market segment would prove the most profitable for IBM?" This case shows the dynamism of the IT industry by the fact that even though IBM missed a cycle of innovation with the PC industry, it had the chance to catch the next wave with the advent of cloud computing.