個案總覽

This case describes the creation of the Juno Beach Centre in France, located where Canadian troops hit the Normandy beach on D-Day. The centre honours and explains Canada's role in the Second World War. It also has a section on contemporary Canadian culture and society. Canadian D-Day veterans, with help from the next generation, formed the Juno Beach Centre Association (JBCA) in the 1990s to raise funds for a museum that would highlight the country's contribution to the Allies winning the Second World War. The many donations from individuals would not be nearly enough. Canadian governments and corporations declared their support and goodwill, but had yet to make significant financial commitments. In time, Wal-Mart stepped up to help, but more money was required. The remaining WWII veterans were now approaching their eighties. How could the JBCA secure the resources needed to make the centre a reality?

This note describes the importance of not-for-profit organizations in Canada, and compares the nature and level of Canadian charitable giving with those in other developed countries. It also offers a brief primer on the principles of fund-raising.

In 1998 it appeared that Japanese auto companies could be forced to pay duty on their non-NAFTA imports into Canada. The U.S. Big Three auto makers (GM, Ford and Chrysler), in contrast did not have to pay such a tariff on their offshore imports such as those made by Ford-owned Jaguar (United Kingdom) and GM's Saab (Sweden). The Japanese and U.S. firms were treated differently because of the 1966 Auto Pact that made all Big Three imports duty-free. However, in the early 1980's, in order to encourage auto investment, the Canadian government granted virtual Auto-Pact status to Japanese firms (Toyota and Honda) that located in Ontario. This eliminated tariffs on the Japan-made models they sold in Canada. Public debate arose during the Free Trade Agreement (1989) and North American Free Trade Agreement (1994) trade negotiations. The U.S., under the Big Three influence, pushed Canada to withdraw the Pact-like benefits it used to attract the Japanese factories. Canada eventually complied with the U.S. demands, while leaving the Pact in place for U.S. automakers. This led the Japanese government to challenge the fairness of the proposed tariff at the World Trade Organization (WTO). While waiting for the WTO process to unfold, the Japanese and U.S. automakers were considering how to respond to the forthcoming judgement.